1. Kingdom Animalia

2. Animals are
 Multicellular
 Eukaryotic
 Heterotrophic
 Cells lack cell walls
CSCOPE

3. ~ Characteristics ~
 Have a nervous system to respond to their
environment
 Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food
 Most animals develop from a zygote
becoming a
 A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-
filled space forming a hollow ball of cells
called a gastrula.

4. ~ Body Plans ~
 Animals that are
irregular in shape are
asymmetrical.
 Animals that are
regular in shape are
symmetrical.

5. ~ Body Plans ~
 An animal has radial symmetry if it
can be divided along any plane,
through a central axis, into equal
halves.
 An animal has bilateral symmetry if
it can be divided down its length
into similar right and left halves
forming mirror images of each other.

6. Which figure has bilateral symmetry?
Which has radial symmetry?

7. ~ Protection and Support ~
 Though not all animals have a skeleton,
those that do can be divided into two
groups:
– Those with an exoskeleton – a hard,
waxy coating on the outside of the body
that protects internal organs, provides a
framework for support, and a place for
muscle attachment.
– Those with an endoskeleton – support
framework within the body that protects
some organs and a brace for muscles to
pull against.

8. Major Phyla
 Porifera – Sponges
 Cnidaria – Corals and Jellyfish
 Platyhelminthes – Flatworms
 Nematoda – Roundworms
 Mollusca – Clams and Octopus
 Annelida – Earthworms
 Arthropoda – Insects, Spiders, and Crabs
 Echinodermata – Starfish and Sea Urchins
 Chordata – Vertebrates including Mammals
CSCOPE

9. ~Invertebrates~
 8 main phyla
 No backbones
 95% of all animals are in this group

10. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Porifera~
 Sponges
 simplest form of animal life
 live in water
 Do not move around
 no symmetry
 Pores (holes) all over body

11. Porifera
 Simple animals
 Live anchored to a
rock or the ocean
bottom
 Marine or freshwater
 Filter-feeders
 Radial symmetry
 Lack tissues or organ
system
CSCOPE

12. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Porifera~
 Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of
food from water using collar cells and then
pumps the water out the osculum.

13. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Porifera~
 Examples: Tube
Sponge, Glass
Sponge, Sea Sponge

14. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Cnidaria~
 Live in water
 Most have tentacles
 catch food with stinging cells
 gut for digesting

15. Cnidaria
 Named for their
stinging cells
 Marine or freshwater
 Carnivorous
 Radial symmetry
 Hydrostatic Skeleton
 Jellyfish, hydra,
obelia, Portuguese
man-of war, sea
anemone, and corals
CSCOPE

16. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Cnidaria~
 2 different
shapes
 Medusa - like a
jellyfish
 Polyp - like a
hydra

17. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Cnidaria~
 Examples -
Jellyfish, Hydra,
sea anemones, and
corals

18. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Flatworms
 Flat, ribbon-like body
 Live in water or are parasites
 bilateral symmetry

19. Platyhelminthes
 Flattened bodies
 Lack an anus
 Bilateral symmetry CDC
 Simplest animals to
exhibit cephalization
 Flatworms, flukes,
and tapeworms
CSCOPE

20. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Examples: Planaria
 eyespots detect light
 food and waste go
in and out the same
opening

21. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Examples:
Tapeworm
 Parasite that
lives in intestines
of host
absorbing food

22. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Examples: Fluke
 parasite
 lives inside
of host

23. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Nematoda ~
 Roundworms
– Round, tubular body
– small or microscopic
– bilateral symmetry
– have both a mouth and anus
– Live in water or are parasites

24. Nematoda
 Free living in soil or
water with many
parasitic forms CDC
 Bilateral symmetry
 Most have a digestive CDC
tract with two
openings
 Hookworms,
pinworms, ascaris,
and trichinosis worm CDC
CSCOPE

25. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Nematoda ~
 Examples:
– Hookworm
– Trichinella

26. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
–Segemented worms
– Body divided into
segments(sections)
– Live in water or
underground
– have a nervous and circulatory system

27. Annelida
 Segmented worms
 Setae for locomotion
 Bilateral symmetry
 Closed circulatory
system
 Clamworms,
earthworms,
leeches
CSCOPE

28. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
 Class Earthworms
 eat soil and
breakdown
organic matter,
wastes provide
nutrients to soil

29. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
Class bristleworms

30. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
 Class leeches
 parasites that feed on blood of other animals

31. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
 Soft bodies
 Hard Shells
 Live on land or in water
 have a circulatory system and a complex
nervous system.
 Important food source for humans

32. Mollusca
 Soft bodied organisms
often covered with a
calcareous shell
 Bilateral symmetry
 Most have a ventral
muscular foot for
locomotion
 Chitons, snails,
limpets, clams,
octopus, and squid
CSCOPE

33. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Gastropoda
– snails and slugs
– may have 1 shell
– stomach-footed -
move on stomach

34. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Bivalves
– 2 shells hinged
together
– clams, oysters,
scallops and
mussels

35. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Cephalopods
–squids and octopuses
–internal mantel

37. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Echinodermata ~
 Hard, spiny skin
 Live in salt water
 Radial symmetry
 name means ‘spiney skinned’
 endoskeleton

38. Echinodermata
 Radial symmetry
 Calcareous plates
often with external
spines
 Water vascular
system with tube feet
for locomotion
 Sea lilies, starfish,
brittle stars, sea
urchins, sand dollars,
and sea cucumbers
CSCOPE

39. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Echinodermata ~
 Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar
and sea cucumber

40. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~
 Body divided into sections/segments
 Exoskeleton
 Jointed legs
 well developed nervous system
 largest group of organisms on earth

41. Arthropoda
 Body is composed of a
head, thorax, and
abdomen with three or
more pairs of joined legs
 Chitinous exoskeleton
 Molt
 Bilateral symmetry
 Shrimp, crabs, barnacles,
insects, centipedes,
millipedes, spiders, ticks,
horseshoe crabs, and
crayfish
CSCOPE

42. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~
 3 subphylums:
 Classified into classes according to the
number of legs, eyes and antennae they
have.

43. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~
Subphylum Chilicerata
is divided into 3 classes
Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
Merostomata – horseshoe crabs
Pycnogonida – sea spiders

44. ~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
 Class – Arachnida
 no antennae
 4 pairs of legs
 2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen
 spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks

46. ~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
 Class Merostomata
 Horseshoe crabs
– Ancient group of species
– Changed little over 350 million years
– Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf
coasts of United States.

48. ~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
 Class Pycnogonida
– Sea spider

49. ~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea
5 Classes
 Aquatic ones have gills
 2 antennae
 2 body regions or segmented
 Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods
 Many species taste delicious in butter

51.  Subphylum Uniramia: 3 classes
 Class Insecta (insects)
 Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)
 Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)

52. ~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
 Class Insecta
 no antennae
 3 pairs of legs
 2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen
 grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees

54. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
 Class Diplopoda
 Millipedes
 segmented animals
 Have 2 pairs of legs per segment
 Primarily herbivores & decomposers

56. ~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
 Class Chiopoda
 Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores
 Have 1 pair of antennae
 Are often poisonous, using modified front
claws to immobilize prey

58. ~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylum Vertebrata
5 classes
 Fish
 Mammals
 Reptiles
 Amphibians
 Birds

59. Chordata
 Notocord for support
of the body at some
stage of development
 Dorsal, tubular nerve
cord
 Tunicate, lancelets,
and vertebrates
CSCOPE

60. Chordata – Class Osteichthyes
 Bony fishes
 Specialized structures
and behaviors to
maintain homeostasis
with regard to water
balance
 Some have swim
bladders
CSCOPE

61. Chordata – Class Amphibia
 Amphibians
 Most live in water as
a larva and on land as
an adult
 Moist skin
 Ectotherms
 Frogs, toads,
salamanders, and
caecilians
CSCOPE

62. Chordata – Class Reptilia
 Reptiles
 Dry, scaly skin
 Terrestrial eggs
 Ectotherms
 Lizards, snakes,
crocodilians, turtles,
tortoises, and tuatara
CSCOPE

63. Chordata – Class Aves
 Birds
 Endotherms
 Outer covering of
feathers
 Two legs with scales
 Modified front limbs
(wings)
 Eagle, cardinal,
penguin, duck, etc.
CSCOPE

64. Chordata – Class Mammalia
 Mammals
 Produce milk in
mammary glands to
feed their young
 Breathe air
 Four-chambered heart
 Endotherms
 Duck billed platypus,
marsupials, cows,
dogs, humans, etc.
CSCOPE