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ウェルズ大学 
日本語の教室 
Wells College 
Japanese Language Program 
Kurt Pipa, Lecturer in Japanese
Genki Ch 9 
Grammar 2: 
Modifying Nouns with Verb / Adj Short Forms 
Conjugated verb forms, including ている forms 
Conjugated い-adjective forms 
Conjugated な-adjective forms
Modifying Nouns with 
Short-Form Verbs
~ている 
新聞を読んでいる 
reading the newspaper 
● 新聞を読んでいる人はれきしの先生です。 
The person (who is) reading the newspaper is the history teacher.
~ている 
新聞を読んでいる 
reading the newspaper 
新聞を読んでいる人はれきしの先生です。 
The person (who is) reading the newspaper is the history teacher.
~ている 
新聞を読んでいる 
reading the newspaper 
Noun being 
modified 
新聞を読んでいる人はれきしの先生です。 
The person (who is) reading the newspaper is the history teacher.
~ていた 
電話で話していた 
was talking on the phone 
電話で話していた女の人は姉(あね)です。 
The woman who was talking on the phone is my older sister.
~ていた 
電話で話していた 
was talking on the phone 
電話で話していた女の人は姉(あね)です。 
The woman who was talking on the phone is my older sister.
~ていた 
電話で話していた 
was talking on the phone 
Noun being 
modified 
電話で話していた女の人は姉(あね)です。 
The woman who was talking on the phone is my older sister.
~ていない 
結婚(けっこん)していない 
is not married 
かのじょは結婚していない男の人が好きです。 
She likes men who aren’t married.
~ていない 
結婚(けっこん)していない 
is not married 
かのじょは結婚していない男の人が好きです。 
She likes men who aren’t married.
~ていない 
結婚(けっこん)していない 
is not married 
Noun being 
modified 
かのじょは結婚していない男の人が好きです。 
She likes men who aren’t married.
Dictionary Form Verb 
クラスでねる 
to sleep in class 
クラスでねる学生は成績(せいせき)がわるいです。 
Students who who sleep in class get bad grades.
Dictionary Form Verb 
クラスでねる 
to sleep in class 
クラスでねる学生は成績(せいせき)がわるいです。 
Students who sleep in class get bad grades.
Dictionary Form Verb 
クラスでねる 
to sleep in class 
Noun being 
modified 
クラスでねる学生は成績(せいせき)がわるいです。 
Students who sleep in class get bad grades.
Negative Verb 
(short form!) 
運動(うんどう)しない 
to not exercise 
運動しない若者(わかもの)はたいてい太(ふと)ります。 
Youths that don’t exercise usually become overweight.
Negative Verb 
(short form!) 
運動(うんどう)しない 
to not exercise 
運動しない若者(わかもの)はたいてい太(ふと)ります。 
Youths that don’t exercise usually become overweight. 
若者 = youth; young person
Negative Verb 
(short form!) 
運動(うんどう)しない 
to not exercise 
Noun being 
modified 
運動しない若者(わかもの)はたいてい太ります。 
Youths that don’t exercise usually become overweight. 
若者 = youth; young person
Modifying Nouns with 
い-adjectives
Use the short-form 
of the い-adjective 
(drop the です)
Non-past い-adjective 
くらい = dark (opposite of light); sullen, brooding 
かれはくらい女とつきあいます。 
He dates dark girls.
Non-past い-adjective 
くらい = dark (opposite of light); sullen, brooding 
かれはくらい女とつきあいます。 
He dates dark girls. 
つきあう = to date; to go out with
Non-past i-adjective 
くらい = dark (opposite of light); sullen, brooding 
かれはくらい女とつきあいます。 
He dates dark girls. 
つきあう = to date; to go out with 
Noun being 
modified
Negative い-adjective 
おもしろくない = is not interesting 
ゆうべ、おもしろくない映画を見ました。 
We watched an uninteresting movie last night.
Negative い-adjective 
おもしろくない = is not interesting 
ゆうべ、おもしろくない映画(えいが)を見ました。 
We watched an uninteresting movie last night. 
ゆうべ = last night
Negative い-adjective 
おもしろくない = is not interesting 
Noun being 
modified 
ゆうべ、おもしろくない映画(えいが)を見ました。 
We watched an uninteresting movie last night. 
ゆうべ = last night
Modifying Nouns with 
な-adjectives
Use the な in front of nouns
な-adjective 
ゆうめい(な) = famous 
あの人はおゆうめいな歌手(かしゅ)です。 
That person over there is a famous singer.
な-adjective 
ゆうめい(な) = famous 
あの人はゆうめいな歌手(かしゅ)です。 
That person over there is a famous singer. 
歌手 = singer
な-adjective 
ゆうめい(な) = famous 
Noun being 
modified 
あの人はゆうめいな歌手(かしゅ)です。 
That person over there is a famous singer. 
歌手 = singer
Bonus Sentence
Modifying the same noun with 
both a verb and な-adjective 
ハワイの山の上で星(ほし)がたくさんある 
きれいな空(そら)を見ました。 
星 = star; stars 
空 = sky
ハワイの山の上で星(ほし)がたくさんある 
Noun being 
modified 
きれいな空(そら)を見ました。 
星 = star; stars 
空 = sky
This is a verbal phrase that means “has lots of 
stars.” Here, ある is the verb modifying 空 . 
ハワイの山の上で星(ほし)がたくさんある 
Noun being 
modified 
きれいな空(そら)を見ました。 
星 = star; stars 
空 = sky
ハワイの山の上で星(ほし)がたくさんある 
Noun being 
modified 
きれいな空(そら)を見ました。 
This is the な adjective きれい, which here means 
“beautiful” and also modifies 空 . 
星 = star; stars 
空 = sky
ハワイの山の上で星(ほし)がたくさんある 
きれいな空(そら)を見ました。 
I saw a beautiful sky with lots of stars on top 
of a mountain in Hawai’i. ☆彡 
※Switching the order of “lots of stars” and “beautiful” is the translator’s prerogative. These don’t 
have to be switched, but try it without switching. What do you think? 
星 = star; stars 
空 = sky
おわり 
おつかれさまでした! 
Kurt Pipa, Lecturer in Japanese

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Modifying nouns in Japanese