2. Presented by:-
Kuldeep garwa

3.  Botanical Name : Daucus carota
 Family : Umbelliferae
 Centre of origin : Europe
 Pollination system : Cross pollinated
 Chromosome no : 2n=18

4.  It is an annual or biennial herb with an erect and much
branched stem , 30 to 120 cm tall arising from a thick
fleshy taproot,5 - 30 cm long bearing flowers borne in
umbels.
 The main carrot growing states are Haryana, Andhra
Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh.
 Haryana is leading producer of carrot in India followed by
Andhra Pradesh.

5.  Total area in India-62220 Ha
 Total production in India-1.15MT
 Haryana-Area-18870 Ha
 Production-0.36MT
 Rajasthan-Area-1120 Ha
 Production-4260T

6. Principle Nutrient Value Percentage of RDA
Energy 41 Kcal 2%
Carbohydrates 9.58 g 7%
Protein 0.93 g 1.5%
Total Fat 0.24 g 1%
Cholesterol 0 mg 0%
Dietary Fiber 2.8 g 7%
Vitamins
Folates 19 µg 5%
Niacin 0.983 mg 6%
Pantothenic acid 0.273 mg 5.5%
Pyridoxine 0.138 mg 10%
Riboflavin 0.058 mg 4%
Thiamin 0.066 mg 6%
Vitamin A 16706 IU 557%
Vitamin C 5.9 mg 10%
Vitamin K 13.2 µg 11%

7.  Soil :
 Carrots grows well drained, deep, loose, sandy loam soils
rich in humus and having a pH 5.5-7.0.
 Soils free of clods are preferred for smooth straight roots.
 Compared to sandy soils, carrots grown on heavy soils
tend be more rough and coarse as the soil compaction
affects root growth and length.
 Very loose or highly compact soils are detrimental to
growth of roots.

8.  Climate :
 Carrot is a cool season crop growing under a wide range
of rainfall.
 A temperature range of 7- 230C is considered optimum
for seed germination while for better root growth 18 -
230C is ideal.
 Very high or low temperature is not conducive for proper
development of roots.
 At higher temperatures, the roots become shorter, thicker
and non-juicy while at lower temperatures (10 to 15 C),
they become longer and develop poor color.

9.  Land Preparation
 The land should be thoroughly ploughed so that the clods
do not interfere with the root development.
 Well decomposed FYM (25 t/ha) is mixed at the time of
land preparation. Application of fresh undecomposed FYM
should be avoided as it leads to forking of the fleshy roots.

10.  Season of Planting
 The crop is sown during January- February, June- July and
October November.
 In the mild climate carrot can be grown almost all the year
round except few summer months.
 For regular supply of fresh and tender roots, the sowing
should be staggered and done at 15 or 20 days interval.
 The seed rate of5-6 kg/ha is recommended.

11.  Method of Planting
 Carrot is a usually grown on ridge to facilitate good root
development.
 The seeds are dibbled at 1.5 cm depth at a spacing of 30 x
8 cm.
 For enhancing germination, the seeds are soaked in water
for 12-24 hours before sowing.

12.  Manure & Fertilizer
 The fertilizer dose depends upon the fertility of soil and
amount of organic manure applied to the crop.
 For a good yield, 25 t/ ha of well-decomposed FYM is
incorporated into the soil.
 Generally, application of 100kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 60 kg
K2O is recommended for optimum yield.

13.  Intercultural Operations
 Intercultural operations like weeding and hoeing are
necessary to check the weed growth and provide soil
aeration.
 Hoeing not only checks weeds but also facilitates soil
aeration.
 Earthing up of roots along with weeding is done to
prevent exposure of roots to atmosphere and
consequent discoloration.

14.  Irrigation
 Irrigation is given immediately after sowing.
 Depending upon the planting season and the available soil
moisture, carrots may be irrigated at 10-12 days interval
during winter and 5-6 days interval during summer.
 Irrigation should be discontinued 2-3 weeks before
harvesting to increase the sweetness and taste of the
carrots.

16.  Exotic Varieties
 USA-Processing purpose
 Red Cored Chantenay, Danvers Half Long, Imperator.
 New Zealand-Akaroa Long Red, Spring Market
Improved, Wanganui Giant
 Japan-Suko
 Belgium-Belgian White
 France-Chantenay, Nantes, Oxheart, Touchon
 Australia-Red Elephant, Western Red, Yellow
 Netherlands-Early Horn

17.  Harvesting
 The edible roots become ready for harvesting in about
100-120 days depending on the variety.
 A light irrigation may be given a day before harvesting to
facilitate lifting of roots.
 Crop is harvested manually by uprooting individual plant.
 Carrots for processing purpose are left in the ground for a
longer period.
 After harvesting the green tops are cut and the carrots are
separated and washed.
 Yield
 Generally, Asiatic types yield 25-30 t/ha whereas
European types yield 10-15 t/ha.

18.  Grading :
 Carrots are graded according to their size,
diameter or length.
 The carrot should ideally, be of uniform and
similar shape for the variety, well formed,
smooth, firm but of tender texture.
 It should also be free from harvest damage,
decay, disease or insects.

19.  Packaging :
 Carrots are packed in baskets or gunny bags before sending to
market.
 These are sometimes marketed along with their tops to indicate
freshness.
 Storage :
 Temperature is the most important factor affecting the storage
of carrots.
 Carrots can be stored for 3-4 days under ambient conditions.
 However in cold storage, topped carrots can be stored at
temperatures of 0 - 4.4 C with 93-98% relative humidity for 6
months.
 Untopped carrots can be stored only for 10-14 days at 0 C.

20.  Botanical Name : Raphanus sativus
 Family : Cruciferae
 Centre of origin : Mediterranean region
 Pollination system : Cross pollinated
 Chromosome no : 2n=18

21.  It is an annual or biennial herb having rosette
leaves and bearing a swollen root which is the
economic part.
 The main radish growing states are West Bengal,
Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab and
Assam.
 West Bengal is leading producer of radish in India
followed by Haryana.

22.  Total area in India-0.16MHa
 Total production in India-2.28MT
 West Bengal-Area-40490ha
 Production-0.49MT
 Rajasthan-Area-640ha
 Production-2560

23. Principle Nutrient Value Percentage of RDA
Energy 16 Kcal 1%
Carbohydrates 3.40 g 3%
Protein 0.68 g 1%
Total Fat 0.10 g <1%
Cholesterol 0 mg 0%
Dietary Fiber 1.6 g 4%
Vitamins
Folates 25 µg 6%
Niacin 0.254 mg 1.5%
Pyridoxine 0.071 mg 5.5%
Riboflavin 0.039 mg 3%
Vitamin A 7 IU <1%
Vitamin C 14.8 mg 25%
Vitamin E 0 mg 9%
Vitamin K 1.3 µg 1%

24.  Soil:
 Radish is ideally grown on light, friable sandy-loam
soils which are rich in humus and having a pH range
between 6.0-7.0.
 Heavy soils should be avoided as they produce rough,
malformed roots with number of small fibrous laterals.

25.  Climate:
 Radish is very specific in its climatic
requirements especially, temperature.
 Radish is predominantly suited to a cool or
moderate climate.
 A long day as well as high temperature results in
boltings before proper root development.
 Also, the roots become hard, pithy and pungent
before reaching maturity.
 It develops best flavour, texture and size at
cooler temperatures between 10-150 C.

26.  Land preparation :
 The land should be thoroughly ploughed so that the clods
do not interfere with the root development.
 Well decomposed FYM (15-20 t/ha) is mixed at the time
of land preparation.
 Application of fresh undecomposed FYM should be
avoided as it leads to forking of the fleshy roots.

27.  Season of Planting :
 The crop is sown during winter from September to
January, in the plains from 1st September-1 st December
and in the hills from June September.
 In the mild climate of peninsular India, radish can be
grown almost all the year round except few summer
months.
 The best sowing time in South India is from April to June.

28.  Method of Planting :
 For regular supply of fresh and tender roots, the sowing
should be staggered and done at 15 or 20 days interval.
 The seed rate of 10-12 kg/ha is recommended.
 Radish is a usually grown on ridge to facilitate good root
development.
 The seeds of tropical varieties are sown at a spacing of
45 x 8 cm while a spacing of 20-30 x 8 cm is
recommended for temperate varieties.

29.  Manuring & Fertilization
 The fertilizer dose depends upon the fertility of soil and
amount of organic manure applied to the crop.
 For a good yield, 15-20 tonnes of well-decomposed FYM
is incorporated into the soil.
 Generally, application of 50-100 kg N, 100kg P2O5 and 50
kg K2O is recommended for optimum yield.
 Half dose of N and full dose of P and K is given at the
time of planting. The balance half of N is given 30 days
after planting.

30.  Intercultural Operations
 Intercultural operations like weeding and hoeing are
necessary to check the weed growth and provide soil
aeration for better growth and yield.
 During rainy season, two weddings are required to keep
the growth of weeds under check.
 In radish, the growing roots tend to push out of the soil
surface.
 Therefore, earthing up and weeding during the early
stages of growth are necessary for proper development
of quality roots.

31.  Irrigation
 The irrigation cycle depends upon season, type of soil and
amount of organic matter present in soil.
 The first irrigation is given immediately after sowing.
 Depending upon the planting season and the available soil
moisture, radish may be irrigated at 10-12 days interval
during winter and 5-6 days interval during summer.

32.  Asiatic Types or tropical types :
 Pusa Desi:-It is a subtropical cultivar, suitable for sowing
from middle of August to October in the northern plains.
 Pusa Chetki:-This variety has wider adaptability and can
tolerate high temperature.
 Pusa Reshmi:- Suitable for early sowing from mid-
September to mid-November but it can tolerate slightly
higher temperature.
 Japanese White:-Suitable for growing between October-
December in the plains and July September
 in the hills. Crop matures in 60-65 days.

33.  Punjab Safed:-Suitable for sowing in September-October.
It is a quick growing type with free of forking, roots
remaining edible for 10 days after attaining full size.
 Kalianpur No. 1
 Roots 20-23 cm long, white with green shoulder.
 Nadauni
 Roots are long, light pink, popular in Himachal Pradesh.
 Arka Nishant
 Roots are long, marble white, resistant to pithiness and pre-
mature bolting.

34.  European types or temperate types :
 The skin is pure white, the flesh is crisp and sweet-
flavoured with mild pungency.
 It is the only variety, which can be grown throughout the
year in the hills except for winter months from November-
January.
 White Icicle
 It is a medium short European table variety, which matures
in 25-30 days.
 Pusa Himani
 Suitable for kitchen garden.

35.  Harvesting
 The edible roots become ready for harvesting in about 25-
60 days depending on the variety.
 The temperate types reach harvest maturity 25-30 days after
seed sowing while tropical varieties require longer period.
 At the time of harvest, the roots should not be pithy or solid.
 Crop is harvested manually by uprooting individual plant.
 A light irrigation may be given a day before harvesting to
facilitate lifting of roots.
 Yield
 The average yield of Asiatic cultivars ranged between 25-30
t/ha in 40-60 days while the temperate varieties yield 15-20
t/ha in 35-40 days.

36.  Grading
 Harvested roots are washed and graded according to size
and tied into bunches along with the tops.
 The radish should ideally, be of uniform and similar shape
for the variety, well formed, smooth, firm but of tender
texture.
 It should also be free from harvest damage, decay, disease
or insects.
 Bunched radish tops should be fresh in appearance and
turgid.

37.  Packaging
 Normally the produce is sent to the market loose or
sometimes it is packed in gunny bags.
 Storage
 Radish cannot be stored at room temperature for more
than 2-3 days.
 However in cold storage, topped radish if packed in
polybag with few holes for aeration, can be stored at 0OC
with 90-95 % relative humidity for about 2 months.