1. 90 SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
ÁLrkouk
lEiw.kZ Hkkjr ns'k esa 12 tuojh 2013 ls Lokeh
foosdkuan ds lk/kZ'krkCnh lekj¨g¨ dk 'kqHkjaHk gqvkA muds
fopkj vR;ar xgu FksA os prqeqZ[kh ÁfrHkk ds /kuh FksA muds
lEiw.kZ fopkj¨a esa ls jk"Vªokn laca/kh fopkj¨a ij Ádk'k Mkyus
dk ;g‚ Á;Ru dj jgh gw¡A Hkkjrh; tuekul d¨ ijra= ds
dky esa ekufld] oSpkfjd v©j 'kkjhfjd :i ls nM+i.ks dk
Á;Ru tgk¡ funZ;rk ls fd;k tk jgk FkkA ml dky esa vR;ar
vkRefo'okl v©j /kS;Z ls Lokeh foosdkuanus gekjs ns'k dk
‘jk"Vªokn’ D;k gS ;s dsoy vius ns'k es gh ugh r¨ varZjk"Vªh;
O;klihB ij tkdj mn~Ĩf"kr fd;kA mUg¨aus vius Hkk"k.k]
fy[kku esa jk"Vªokn dk gh Çpru vf/kd fd;k gSA
Lokeh foosdkauan v©j jk"Vªokn
Lokeh th ds dky esa Hkkjr eqxy¨a o vaxzst 'kklu
ls =Lr g¨dj u dsoy vius oSHko o lEiérk ls oafpr g¨
pqdk Fkk oju lkaLd`frd ijkHko jk"Vªh;rk o jk"Vªh; fojklr
ls foié g¨dj xjhch csj¨txkjh vf'k{kk o ,Slh gh vU;
O;kf/k;¨a ls ihfM+r jk"Vª cu pqdk FkkA Lo;a ds Kku d¨ Hkwydj
fczfV'k Lokeh HkDr o if'pe dh laLd`fr d¨ okgd cuus dh
v¨j lekt vxzlj Fkk] ,sls le; ij gh Lokeh th us jk"Vª
d¨ mldh lkaLd`frd fojklr jk"Vªh; x©jo] LokfHkeku] f'k{kk]
jk"Vªokn] Hkkjrh; Kku ds vFkkg o le`) [ktkus dh v¨j ns'k
o lekt dk /;ku vkdÆ"kr fd;kA Lokeh th ds fopkj¨a us
lEiw.kZ Hkkjr dh jktuhfrd lkekftd O;oLFkk d¨ xaHkhj Çpru
o euu gsrw foo'k fd;kA Hkkjr dk Lora=rk ÁkfIr dk vkan¨yu
Hkh O;kid :i ls ÁHkkfor gqvkA
1857 ds Lora=rk laxzke d¨ nM+i dj bl Ádkj
dk mBko fQj ls u g¨ bl mÌs'k lss vaxzst¨ us Hkkjrh; tuekul
d¨ ekufld oSpkfjd v©j 'kkjhfjd –"Vh ls nM+ius dk Á;Ru
vR;Ur funZ;h :i ls pyk;k x;kA ml ifjfLFkrh esa Lokeh
foosdkuan us gekjs ns'k dk jk"Vªokn D;k gSA ;s vR;ar
vkRefo'okl ls ÁLrqr fd;kA lEiw.kZ tx esa vU; /ke¨Z ls
fØ'pu /keZ fdl rjg Js"B gS ;g crykus dsfy;s f'kdkx¨
esa t¨ loZ/keZ ifj"kn dk vk;stu fd;k x;k FkkA mlesa Lokeh
foosdkuan us vR;Ur dfBu ifjfLFkrh esa igw¡pdj dsoy Hkkjr
dk jk"Vªokn gh ugÈ ÁLrqr fd;k ojuk lEiw.kZ tx d¨ thr
fy;kA Hkkjrh; fopkj¨a d¨ fo'ofot; dk in feyok;kA
ifj.kke Lo:i Hkkjrh; tuekul esa pSrU; dk okrkoj.k fuekZ.k
December ,2013
'kks/k i= & jktuhfr foKku
MkW- foHkk ns'kikaMs
Lokeh foosdkuan vkSj jk"Vªokn
* dyk o foKku egkfo|ky;] dqÚgk] ftyk vejkorh
gqvkA Lokeh foosdkuan us rRi'pkr Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn ds lkeus
d©u & d©u ls vkOgku gS v©j mldk fujkdj.k fdl Ádkj
fd;k tk ldrk gSA blls lacaf/kr mik; ÁLrqr fd;s tc
lEiw.kZ ns'k xqykefxjh ls =Lr Fkk ml le; lEiw.kZ ns'k dk
Hkze.k djds Lokehth us jk"Vªokn dk fopkj Ásfjr fd;k “fd
ÁR;sd jk"Vª dk ,d dsUæh; Hkko g¨rk gS v©j vU; lc ckrs
x©.k o ml dsUæh; Hkko d¨ iwjd g¨rh gSA /keZ ;s Hkkjr dk
dsUæh; Hkko gSA”1
vkxs jk"Vªokn laca/kh fopkj O;Dr djrs gq;s
os dgrs gS fd ns'k dk thou v©j Ák.k /keZ gSa] ns'k dh Hkk"kk]
Hkko /keZ gSa v©j vkidh jktfufr] lektuhfr] jLrs lQkà Iysx
fuokj.k]ihfM+r¨ d¨ vénku vkikrdkyhu ifjfLFkrh esa lgk;rk
bR;knh gekjs ns'k esa ges'kk gh g¨rs jgrh gSA v©j blh Ádkj
ls vkxs Hkh lgk;rk feyrs jgsxh] flQZ /keZ ds ek/;e ls ;s
ugÈ g¨xh ”2
brus Li"V :i ls mUg¨aus jk"Vªokn laca/kh vius
fopkj Li"V fd;s] fgUnq jk"Vªokn brus Li"V 'kCn¨a esa 'kk;n
gh fdlh us O;Dr fd;k g¨A
ÇgnqRo ;s gh jk"Vªh;Ro ,slk dgk fd fQj /kekZf/kf"Br
jkT; gS ,Slh dYiuk t¨ y¨x djrs gSaA muds p¨[k tckc
nsus dk dke Lokeh th us fd;kA Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokn d¨ lkeus
vkOgku crkrs le; mUg¨aus Hkkjr dh rRdkyhu lkekftd
okLrfodrk dk dB¨j vkReijh{k.k Hkh fd;k gSA muds vuqlkj
loZ lkekU; turk dh mis{kk djuk ;s eSaĨj jk"Vªh; iki ekurk
gw¡ v©j viuh vourh dk o¨ ,d egRoiw.kZ dkj.k gSaA lkFk
gh gekjs jk"Vª esa n¨ egRoiw.kZ n¨"k gS] ,d fó;¨a ij vU;k;]
vR;kpkj v©j nwljk tkfr ca/ku¨a ds ;¨x ls x¨sjxfjc¨a d¨
ihluk vr ;s n¨u¨a n¨"k nwj djuk vko';d gSaA
vkxs Lokeh th dgrs gSa dh “viuk lgh jk"Vª vkt
>¨iM+h esa clk gS v©j >¨iM+h esa jgus okys vius HkkÃ;¨a d¨
Lor ds O;fDreŸo v©j ekuork dk foLej.k g¨ x;k gSA
'kkjhfjd nqcZyrk] laÄVuk 'kDrh dk vHkko] v©j vkilh
lgkuqHkwfr dk vHkko bl Ádkj dh lkekftd fLFkrh ds dkj.k
gekjs ns'k ds lkeus csdkj fLFkrh vk;h gSA” vr tc rd ge
lHkh y¨x vk/;kfRed o`Ÿkh ds ugÈ g¨rs rc rd gekjs ns'k
dk iqu:Tthou g¨uk laHko ugÈ /keZ ;s Hkkjr dk Ák.k gSA ;fn
/keZ dk y¨i gqvk r¨ jktuSfrd méfr] lektlq/kkj.kk] ;s dqcsj
dk ,s'o;Z ÁkIr g¨dj Hkh Hkkjr e`r gq;s flok; jgsxk ugÈA
vius f'kdkx¨ ds Hkk"k.k esa Hkh mUg¨aus viuh igpku
crkrs gq;s dgk fd esa ,sls /keZ ls vk;k gw¡A ftlus lEiw.kZ tx

2. 91SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
d¨ lgu'khyrk v©j LohdkjgZrk dk ikB fl[kk;k gSA o¨
/keZ dgk¡ gS r¨ vkxs os dgrs gS fd ] lEiw.kZ tx ds =Lr
dqN y¨x¨ d¨ geus vkJ; fn;k o¨ gSA fgUnqLrku] ikjlh]
bók;y ¼T;w½ bR;kfn y¨x¨a d¨ geusa gh vkJ; fn;kA
ÇgnqLFkku d¨ jk"Vª ds :i esa [kM+s djus gsrq mlesa fuekZ.k gq;s
n¨"k] lkekftd ekul'kkL=] ml ij mik; bR;knh ij fopkj
ppkZ Lokehth us dh gS o¨ vkt 150 ¼nssM+ l©½ lky g¨us ds
ckotwn Hkh oSls gh ykxw g¨rh gSA
Lokehth ds vuqlkj O;fDr ds thou n'kZu dh rjg
gh ÁR;sd jk"Vª dk Hkh thou n'kZu g¨rk gSA t¨ mldk es:n.M
gSA Hkkjr esa /keZ vk/kkfjr thou gh es:n.M gSA ftls ge v/
;kRe ds :i esa Hkh le>rs gSaA la;¨xo'k ;fn d¨Ã jk"Vª viuh
jk"Vªh; mtkZ d¨ gh mrkj dj Qsadusa dk Á;kl djus yxs]
r¨ og jk"Vª thfor ugÈ jg ldrkA Lora=rk d¨ dqN fnu¨a
ckn gh /keZ d¨ iwtk i)rh ls t¨M+dj 'kCn¨a dk Hkzetky [kM+
dj fn;k x;kA Hkkjr esa dsoy /keZ fujis{kkr gh jktusrkv¨a
dk xyr vk/kkj cu x;hA Lokeh foosdkuan ds gh fopkjsa d¨
vkxs c<+krs gq;s xka/khth us Hkh dgk¡ Fkk dh t¨ y¨x le>rs
gS fd jktuhfr dk /keZ ls d¨Ã ysuk nsuk ugÈ gS] os /keZ dk
vFkZ gh ugÈ tkursA Lokehth ds vuqlkj euq"; ds fy;s /keZ
vko';d 'kk'or fu;e gS] ogÈ v/;kfRed dk okLrfod :i
gSA ;fn mlh vk/kkj d¨ ge N¨M+ jgs gSA r¨ LokHkkfod :i
ls jk"Vª jh< foghu g¨ tk;sxkA
vkt Hkh Lokeh th ds fopkj gesa ;¨X; yxrs gSaA
if'pe dh vk/kqfud –"Vh Hkkjrh;rk d¨ lM+d ij ykdj [kMh
dj jgh gSA D;¨afd nqfu;k¡ esa vkt ikVZVkÃe fjys'kuf'ki esa
th jgh gSA ik'pkR; thou 'kSyh esa 'kjkc] ch;j] lfgr reke
is;] lqUnj ¨tu] rM+d HkMdnkj v/nZ uXurk ÁnÆ'kr djusokys
oó] u;s & u;s okgu- 'kkunkj bekjr bR;kfn reke bPNkv¨a
v©j oklukv¨a d¨ tUe ns jgsa gSA Hk©frd lH;rk dk lEe¨gu
gekjh ;qok 'kfDr d¨ Hkzfer dj jgk gSA 2020 esa Hkkjr ;s lcls
cM+h ;qok'kDrh okyk ns'k g¨xk ,slk dgk¡ tkrk gSA ,slh nqcZy
;qok 'kDrh gekjs ns'k d¨ dgk¡ y¨ tk;sxh ;s ,d 'k¨puh;
Á'u gSA t¨ ns'k dk lcls cM+k ladV gSA
vktknh ds ckn ftu y¨x¨a us lŸkk laHkkyh os Hkh
tkus vutkus vaxzst¨a dh crkà jkg ij pyrs x;sA ifj.kke
Lo:i fctyh] ,vji¨VZ] lM+ds] Hkou] dEI;qVj] e¨ckÃy]
rduhd vkfn fodkl ds ekud g¨ x;sA c‚yhoqM] fØdsV]
dj¨Mifr] bf.M;k xsV v©j xsVos vWkQ bf.M;k Hkkjr dh
igpku curk tk jgk gSA fdUrq gekjh lH;rk v©j laL—fr
lekIr g¨ jgh gSA ekuo thou ewY;ghu g¨ x;k gSA jk"Vª
v/k¨xrh dh v¨j c<+ jgk gSA vkt iSlk gh uotoku¨a ds fy;s
lcdqN gSA Hkz"Vkpkj c<+rk tk jgk gSA jktusrkv¨a ds eu esa
t¨ vk jgk gS] o¨ fd;k tk jgk gSA vkt jkVª fn'kkghu g¨
x;k gSA vr gesa ik'pkR; laLd`rh dh rjQ ls /;ku gVkdj
gekjh laLd`rh d¨ gh fodlhr djuk pkfg;s gekjs laLd`rh
us vusd egku O;fDr;¨a d¨ tUefn;k gSA ftuds fopkj¨a vkt
Hkh ykxw gSA ikBÓØe esa Lokeh foosdkuan] lar rqdkjke
dchjnkl] lwjnkl] bR;knh ds fopkj¨a d¨ lekos'k djs] gekjs
ns'k ds laLd`rh ds vuqdwy ukxfjd rS;kj djsa] vkt ik'pkR;
y¨x Hkkjrh; laLd`rh d¨ viukus esa yxs gq;s gSA gekjs f'k{k.k
Á.kkyh esa ;¨xkH;kl dh rjQ /;ku nsaA t¨ fd] flQZ dkxni=¨a
rd gh lhfer gSA cynaM ukxjhd rS;kj djsa] HkVkpkj ij
dB¨j Áfrca/k yxk;sa] xqUgsxkj y¨x¨a dk jktfurh esa Áos'k
dB¨j :i ls oÆtr djsaA lHkh y¨x¨a us fopkj¨a ds fy;s] vkn'kZ
ds fy, dk;Z djuk pkfg,] fdlh O;fDr fo'ks"k ds fy, ugh]
rHkh ge jk"Vª d¨ cpk ldrs gSaA
1½ Lokeh foosdkuan] xzaFkkoyh] [kaM 7 ok] i`‘- 37-
2½ Lokeh foosdkuan] xzaFkkoyh] [kaM 5 ok] i`- 173] 198 ] 85] 356-
3½ Lokeh foosdkuan] xzaFkkoyh] [kaM 7 ok] i`‘- 51-
4½ orZekui= fnO; ejkBh fn- 10 uoacj 2013-