Jackie Robinson
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1) Jackie Robinson broke baseball's color barrier in 1947 when he joined the Brooklyn Dodgers, facing immense racism but helping integrate the sport. 2) In addition to his success as an athlete, Robinson also advocated for civil rights as a political activist, supporting causes like the NAACP and marching with MLK Jr. for integrated schools. 3) Robinson received threats for his activism but continued supporting politicians he believed would advance racial equality, like President Kennedy. His legacy includes establishing a foundation that provides scholarships for minority students.
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Jackie Robinson
- 1. Jackie Robinson & the Civil Rights Movement Ryan L. & Jared B. Horace Greeley High School
- 2. Did Jackie Robinson Have More of an Effect on Civil Rights as an Athlete or as a Political Activist?
- 5. “ Even before I went to high school and college I resolve not to take insults without retaliating. Growing up in Pasadena, I encountered many situations which I considered unjust. I remember going to the YMCA and being told that Negroes were allowed to use the facilities of the Y only on a certain day of the week…” - Jackie Robinson
- 10. As a Professional Athlete
- 13. Robinson is seen with Branch Rickey signing a contract with the Brooklyn Dodgers farm team.
- 14. Breaking the Color Barrier April 1947: Major League debut as Dodgers first baseman wearing #42
- 18. Respect from his Teammates I started the season as a lonely man, often feeling like a black Don Quixote tilting at a lot of white windmills. I ended it feeling like a member of a solid team. -- Jackie Robinson
- 19. Jackie’s Popularity Rises Life Magazine 1951
- 20. Gaining Respect from Whites
- 22. Jackie Steals Home in World Series
- 25. As a Political Activist
- 31. Letter to the White House August 1957: Letter to Presidential Assistant Fred Morrow
- 32. Letter to President Eisenhower
- 39. Jackie’s Legacy
- 45. The right of every American to first-class citizenship is the most important issue of our time. -- Jackie Robinson
- 46. The End
Editor's Notes
- http://www.thediamondangle.com/archive/june01/youngjackie.html
- &quot;Tour of the Sierra Vista Local Line.&quot; 7 June 2007 <http://www.uncanny.net/~wetzel/sopasadena1926.JPG>.
- Breaking through the Big League
- &quot;Mack Robinson.&quot; Pasadena City College . 5 June 2007 <http://www.pasadena.edu/about/history/afro-american_history/images/mack.jpg>.
- The Library of Congress . 29 May 2007 <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/collections/jr/history.html>.
- &quot;By Popular Demand: Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, 1860s-1960s.&quot; The Library of Congress . 29 May 2007 <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/collections/jr/history.html>.
- &quot;Robinson Accepts Dodgers Contract.&quot; MLBlogs . 2 June 2007 <bestblog.mlblogs.com/.../hot_stove/index.html>.
- &quot;Jackie Robinson.&quot; AfricanAmericans.Com . 1 June 2007 <www.africanamericans.com/JackieRobinson.htm>.
- &quot;Timeline: the Black Press and the Integration of Baseball.&quot; 4 June 2007 <http://www.cubanxgiants.com/jrobinson/>.
- &quot;Jackie Scores Winning Run.&quot; San Francisco State University . 1 June 2007 <http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/hist490/integration/Robinson/1947CourierAM.jpg>.
- &quot;Jackie Robinson with Teammates Spider Jorgensen, Pee Wee Reese, and Eddie Stanky.&quot; The Baseball Hall of Fame . 4 June 2007 <www.baseballhalloffame.org/education/experience>.
- The Library of Congress . 29 May 2007 <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/collections/jr/history.html>.
- Jackie Robinson and American Culture . 28 May 2007 <http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/hist490/integration/JRCulture.htm>.
- Sports Artifacts . 6 June 2007 <http://www.sportsartifacts.com/pub50jackie.JPG>.
- &quot;Jackie Robinson Stealing Home: May 15, 1952.&quot; Ask Meta Filter . 4 June 2007 <ask.metafilter.com/22898/stealing-home>.
- Johnson, Woodrow B. &quot;Did You See Jackie Robinson Hit That Ball.&quot; San Francisco State University . 30 May 2007 <http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/hist490/integration/Robinson/didyouseeAM.htm>.
- &quot;Congressional Gold Medal Recipient Jackie Robinson.&quot; 1 June 2007 <&quot;Remembering Dr. King.&quot; 2 June 2007 .>. &quot;Jackie Robinson's Hall of Fame Plaque.&quot; National Baseball Hall of Fame . 2 June 2007 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers_and_honorees/plaques/images/Robinson_Jackie.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers_and_honorees/plaques/Robinson_Jackie.htm&h=488&w=340&sz=66&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=Vhi-aCmrinNIqM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=91&prev=/images%3Fq%3DJackie%2BRobinson%2Bhall%2Bof%2Bfame%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den>.
- &quot;Remembering Dr. King.&quot; 2 June 2007 <dwacon.blogspot.com/search/label/African-American>.
- &quot;Malcolm X.&quot; UC Irvine Libraries . 4 June 2007 <http://course.lib.uci.edu/ed/spirit/focusnew/TeacherDevelopment/images/Malcolm%20X.jpg>. &quot;Remembering Dr. King.&quot; 2 June 2007 <dwacon.blogspot.com/search/label/African-American>.
- &quot;President Harry Truman Wipes Out Military Segregation.&quot; 2 June 2007 <www.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/educate/truman.html &quot;The Trends of Military Policy.&quot; 30 May 2007 <www.army.mil/.../AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter7.htm>.
- &quot;Dwight D. Eisenhower Library.&quot; The National Archives . 3 June 2007 <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/images/telegram-1957.jpg>.
- &quot;Dwight D. Eisenhower Library.&quot; The National Archives . 3 June 2007 <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/letter-1958.html>. Notice that the letters are written on Chock Full of Nuts legislation. This is because Jackie went into the company and worked his way up to become an executive.
- &quot;Labor and Civil Rights: Two Movements, One Goal?&quot; THE GEORGE MEANY MEMORIAL ARCHIVES . 4 June 2007 <http://www.nlc.edu/archives/lcr1h.html>.
- &quot;Media Photographs.&quot; The Online News Hour . 4 June 2007 <http://www.pbs.org/newshour/aboutus/photos.html>.
- &quot;John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library.&quot; The National Archives . 3 June 2007 <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/letter-1961.html>.
- &quot;Lyndon Baines Johnson Library.&quot; The National Archives . 3 June 2007 <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/telegram-1965.html>.
- &quot;National Archives and Records Administration.&quot; The National Archiver . 3 June 2007 <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/letter-1972.html>.
- &quot;The Foundations Mission.&quot; The Jackie Robinson Foundation . 6 June 2007 <www.jackierobinson.org>.
- &quot;Jackie Robinson Stadium.&quot; UCLA Bruins . 5 June 2007 <Uclabruins.cstv.com>.
- &quot;Jackie Robinson.&quot; Did You Know? 2 June 2007 <scoop.diamondgalleries.com/scoop_article.asp?...>.
- &quot;Sunday April 15, 2007.&quot; See You in 1984 . 5 June 2007 <seeyouin1984.blogspot.com/2007_04_01_archive.html>. &quot;Jackie Robinson Day.&quot; MLB . 5 June 2007 <mlb.mlb.com/mlb/events/jrd/index.jsp?year=05>.
- Works Cited Aaron, Henry. &quot;Jackie Robinson.&quot; Time . 1 June 2007 <www.time.com/time/time100/heroes/profile/robinson01.html>. &quot;Branch Rickey and Jackie Robinson Precursors of the Civil Rights Movement.&quot; Worldandi.Com . 7 June 2007 <www.worldandi.com/.../2003/march/mtpub.asp>. &quot;Breaking the Color Line, and Jackie Robinson.&quot; The Library of Congress . 30 May 2007 <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/robinson/jr1940.html>. &quot;By Popular Demand: Jackie Robinosn and Other Baseball Highlights.&quot; Collection Connections . 29 May 2007 <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/collections/jr/file.html>. &quot;By Popular Demand: Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, 1860s-1960s.&quot; The Library of Congress . 29 May 2007 <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/collections/jr/history.html>. &quot;Cleveland Browns Stadium/ Formerly the Cleveland Municipal Stadium.&quot; African American Heritage Trail . 6 June 2007 <www.aaheritagetrail.com/toursite_05.html>. &quot;Congressional Gold Medal Recipient Jackie Robinson.&quot; 1 June 2007 <&quot;Remembering Dr. King.&quot; 2 June 2007 .>. &quot;Congressional Gold Medal Recipient Jackie Robinson.&quot; 1 June 2007 <http://www.congressionalgoldmedal.com/JackieRobinsonBio.htm>. Dunn, Herb. Jackie Robinson . &quot;Dwight D. Eisenhower Library.&quot; The National Archives . 3 June 2007 <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/images/telegram-1957.jpg>. &quot;Dwight D. Eisenhower Library.&quot; The National Archives . 3 June 2007 <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/letter-1958.html>. &quot;Jackie Robinson.&quot; AfricanAmericans.Com . 1 June 2007 <www.africanamericans.com/JackieRobinson.htm>. &quot;Jackie Robinson Day.&quot; MLB . 5 June 2007 <mlb.mlb.com/mlb/events/jrd/index.jsp?year=05>. &quot;Jackie Robinson.&quot; Did You Know? 2 June 2007 <scoop.diamondgalleries.com/scoop_article.asp?...>. Jackie Robinson and American Culture . 28 May 2007 <http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/hist490/integration/JRCulture.htm>. &quot;Jackie Robinson's Hall of Fame Plaque.&quot; National Baseball Hall of Fame . 2 June 2007 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers_and_honorees/plaques/images/Robinson_Jackie.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers_and_honorees/plaques/Robinson_Jackie.htm&h=488&w=340&sz=66&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=Vhi-aCmrinNIqM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=91&prev=/images%3Fq%3DJackie%2BRobinson%2Bhall%2Bof%2Bfame%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den>. &quot;Jackie Robinson Los Angelas Dodgers.&quot; Los Angelas Dodgers . 31 May 2007 <www.losangelasdodgersonline.com/jackierobinson.php>. &quot;Jackie Robinson.&quot; National Baseball Hall of Fame . 1 June 2007 <http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/>. &quot;Jackie Robinson, Political Life After Baseball.&quot; 3 June 2007 <http://www.framinghamdems.org/JackRob.html>. &quot;Jackie Robinson Stadium.&quot; UCLA Bruins . 5 June 2007 <Uclabruins.cstv.com>. &quot;Jackie Robinson Stealing Home: May 15, 1952.&quot; Ask Meta Filter . 4 June 2007 <ask.metafilter.com/22898/stealing-home>. &quot;Jackie Robinson Time Line.&quot; MLB . 2 June 2007 <mlb.mlb.com/.../timeline_1.jsp>. &quot;Jackie Robinson with Martin Luther King Jr.&quot; The Baseball Hall of Fame . 2 June 2007 <www.baseballhalloffame.org/education/experience>. &quot;Jackie Robinson with Teammates Spider Jorgensen, Pee Wee Reese, and Eddie Stanky.&quot; The Baseball Hall of Fame . 4 June 2007 <www.baseballhalloffame.org/education/experience>. &quot;Jackie Scores Winning Run.&quot; San Francisco State University . 1 June 2007 <http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/hist490/integration/Robinson/1947CourierAM.jpg>. &quot;John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library.&quot; The National Archives . 3 June 2007 <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/letter-1961.html>. Johnson, Woodrow B. &quot;Did You See Jackie Robinson Hit That Ball.&quot; San Francisco State University . 30 May 2007 <http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/hist490/integration/Robinson/didyouseeAM.htm>. &quot;Labor and Civil Rights: Two Movements, One Goal?&quot; THE GEORGE MEANY MEMORIAL ARCHIVES . 4 June 2007 &quot;Lyndon Baines Johnson Library.&quot; The National . 3 June 2007 <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/letter-1967.html>. &quot;Lyndon Baines Johnson Library.&quot; The National Archives . 3 June 2007 <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/telegram-1965.html>. &quot;Mack Robinson.&quot; Pasadena City College . 5 June 2007 <http://www.pasadena.edu/about/history/afro-american_history/images/mack.jpg>. &quot;Malcolm X.&quot; UC Irvine Libraries . 4 June 2007 <http://course.lib.uci.edu/ed/spirit/focusnew/TeacherDevelopment/images/Malcolm%20X.jpg>. &quot;Media Photographs.&quot; The Online News Hour . 4 June 2007 <http://www.pbs.org/newshour/aboutus/photos.html>. &quot;National Archives and Records Administration.&quot; The National Archiver . 3 June 2007 <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/letter-1972.html>. &quot;Negro League History 101.&quot; Negro League Baseball . 2 June 2007 <http://www.negroleaguebaseball.com/history101.html>. &quot;Negro Writer Hails Jackie.&quot; Sporting News . 31 May 2007 <&quot;President Harry Truman Wipes Out Military Segregation.&quot; 2 June 2007 <www.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/educate/truman.html>. www.sportingnews.com/archives/jackie/art6.html>. &quot;Quotes by Jackie Robinson.&quot; The Official Site of Jackie Robinson . 31 May 2007 <www.jackierobinson.com/about/quotes.html>. &quot;Remembering Dr. King.&quot; 2 June 2007 <dwacon.blogspot.com/search/label/African-American>. &quot;Robinson Accepts Dodgers Contract.&quot; MLBlogs . 2 June 2007 <bestblog.mlblogs.com/.../hot_stove/index.html>. Robinson, Jackie, and Alfred Duckett. Breakthrough to the Big League . New Yorl: Harper and Row, 1965. Robinson, Jackie, and Alfred Duckett. I Never Had It Made . New York: G.P. Putnam_Sons, 1972. Schwartz, Larry. &quot;Jackie Changed Face of Sports.&quot; ESPN . 31 May 2007 <espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00016431.html>. Spink, J.g. Taylor. &quot;Jackie Replys to Open Letter From Publisher Spinks.&quot; Sporting News . 31 May 2007 <www.sportingnews.com/archives/jackie/art5.html>. &quot;Sports and Civil Rights Highlights.&quot; UMass . 3 June 2007 <www.umass.edu/pubaffs/jackie/time_bas.html>. Sports Artifacts . 6 June 2007 <http://www.sportsartifacts.com/pub50jackie.JPG>. &quot;Sunday April 15, 2007.&quot; See You in 1984 . 5 June 2007 <seeyouin1984.blogspot.com/2007_04_01_archive.html>. &quot;Teaching with Documents: Beyond the Playing Field- Jackie Robinson, Civil Rights Advocate.&quot; The National Archives . 2 June 2007 <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/index.html>. &quot;The Foundations Mission.&quot; The Jackie Robinson Foundation . 6 June 2007 <www.jackierobinson.org>. &quot;The Trends of Military Policy.&quot; 30 May 2007 <www.army.mil/.../AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter7.htm>. &quot;Timeline: the Black Press and the Integration of Baseball.&quot; 4 June 2007 <http://www.cubanxgiants.com/jrobinson/>. &quot;Tour of the Sierra Vista Local Line.&quot; 7 June 2007 <http://www.uncanny.net/~wetzel/sopasadena1926.JPG>. &quot;Welcome to Shodowball: the Story of the Negro Leagues.&quot; ThinkQuest . 1 June 2007 <library.thinkquest.org/3427/>.