3. 1. INTRODUCTION
2. TECHNIQUES OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE
3. SCOPE OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE TO
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
4. IMPACT OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE TO
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
5. CONCLUSION
6. FUTURE LINE OF WORK
5. Conservation agriculture aims to conserve, improve
and make more efficient use of natural resources
through integrated management of available soil , water
and biological resources combined with external inputs.
It contributes to environmental conservation as well as
enhanced and sustained agricultural production. It can
be defined as resource efficient or resource effective
agriculture. ( FAO,2008)
6. Population pressure & Unsustainable use of land
Severe land degradation and food insecurity
so, we have to produce more food from less land
through more efficient use of natural resources and
minimum impact on environment.
Population pressure & Unsustainable use of land
Severe land degradation and food insecurity
so, we have to produce more food from less land
through more efficient use of natural resources and
minimum impact on environment.
7. Globally , CA is practiced in 106 Million ha.
USA : 27 m ha
Brazil : 26 m ha
Argentina : 20 m ha
Canada : 13 m ha
Australia : 12 m ha
Asia : 3.3 m ha
Paraguay : 2.4 m ha
Europe : 0.5 m ha
Africa : 0.5 m ha
( Derpsch , 2009)
8. CA is based on three principles
Minimum mechanical soil disturbance.
Permanent organic matter soil cover especially by
crop residues and cover crops.
Diversified crop rotations in annual crops or plant
associations in perennial crops including legumes.
10. Water Harvesting and Recycling
Water Saving Irrigation Methods
Laser Leveling
In-situ Moisture Conservation Measures
Other Water Saving Measures
Alternate Land Use System
11. Basic principle of rain water harvesting -‘catch water
where it falls’
Different water harvesting systems are
Surface Water Harvesting
In situ rainwater harvesting
Roof top rainwater harvesting
Sub surface flow harvesting
12. To improve irrigation efficiency of irrigation systems
Water saving irrigation methods
Micro irrigation
Furrow irrigation in raised bed planting system
Surge flow furrow irrigation
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16. System of Rice Intensification (SRI).
Aerobic rice cultivation
Use of polymers in ponded paddy fields for
minimizing percolation losses.
Department of AGRONOMY, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru
19. Sustainable agriculture is a system to manage the
natural resources in such a way that production functions
of future generation do not suffer (FAO)
Improvement of biological basis for long term
agricultural production by emphasizing on management
of renewable resources ( Hoffman & Caroll)
21. 21
Jat and Chandana., 2004
Parameters Traditional land leveling Precision land leveling
Canal
irrigated
Tube well
irrigated
Canal
irrigated
Tube well
irrigated
Plot size (m×m) 40×30 30× 20 50× 50 40× 30
Total plot area
(m2
)
1200 600 2500 1200
Area under
bunds and
channels
(m2
ha-1
)
600 1200 300 600
Additional area
bought under
cultivation (%)
3 6
22. Land leveling
practice
Total water
Use (m3
/ha-1
)
% Saving in
water
Rice yield
(Kg/ha-1
)
% increase in
yield
Laser leveling 6900 31.16 5800 5.45
Traditional
leveling
9050 5500
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Jat and Sharma ., 2006
23. 23
Precision land leveling
Saving of irrigation
water
15-30%
Increase in water
application efficiency
50%
Increase in crop yield 5-25%
Jat, 2009
Table.3 : Advantages of precision land leveling
over traditional method of leveling
31. Soil property Crop residue
management
Burned Removed Incorporated
Organic C (%) 0.43 0.38 0.47
Total N ( %) 0.055 0.051 0.056
Total P (mg kg-1
) 390.0 420.0 612.0
Total K (g Kg-1
) 17.1 15.4 18.1
Olsen P (mg kg-1
) 14.4 17.2 20.5
Available K (mg kg-1
) 58.0 45.0 52.0
Available S (mg kg-1
) 34.0 55.0 61.0
31
Beri et al., 1995
32. Treatment Run off (mm) Soil loss (Mg ha-1
)
Control 48.5 14.0
DP (3) 32.4 6.7
DP (5) 23.6 4.6
SP (3) 22 3.96
SP (5) 10.3 1.82
32
DP (3) : deep placement 3Mg ha-1
, DP (5) : deep placement 5 Mg ha-1
SP (3) : surface placement 3Mg ha-1
, SP (5) : surface placement 5 Mg ha-1
Benjamin et al., 2009
34. Important part of conservation agriculture
Incorporation of crop residue will improve the nutrient
content of soil
Mulching with crop residue will reduce run off and soil
loss.
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38. About 100-170 mm of water was saved by method of
furrow irrigation in cotton compared to flooding
(Singh et al. 1995).
Sprinkler irrigation improved the crop yield by 5% to
35% and saved water from 23% to 56% over
conventional irrigation methods in different crops
(Kumar and Sharma, 1999).
39. Resource Conserving Technology Potential benefits relative to
conventional practices
Zero tillage Reduced water use , reduce green
house gas emission, more tolerance to
heat stress
Laser aided land leveling Reduced water use, reduced fuel
consumption, reduced GHG emission
Diversification Conserve soil fertility , efficient use of
water
Raised bed planting Less water use, improved drainage,
more tolerance to water stress
Leaf colour chart for N management Reduced fertilizer N requirement,
reduced N loss and environmental
pollution
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Wassmann et al ., (2009)
40. Conservation Agriculture improves
Soil quality
Reduces soil erosion
Improves water use efficiency
Reduces green house gas emission
Yield
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41. Conservation Agriculture practices conserves and
improves natural resources leading to sustainability
which is not possible in conventional agriculture.
Conservation Agriculture is site specific and need
based.
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42. Optimization of technology, production and efficiency.
Development of suitable crop varieties.
Development of suitable cost effective machines and
equipment's.
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