Artificial
intelligence &
APPLICATIONS to
ROBOTICSPresented By:
Komal Jain

Outlines:
History
Definition
Comparisons between human and computer
intelligence
Motivation
Limitations
Technology
Advantages
Introduction to Robots & Robotics
Applications of AI to Robotics
Applications of Robotics
Programming languages used to develop AI
Artificial intelligence and Learning

Histor
y"machines will be capable, within 20 years, of doing any work
a man can do." Two years later, MIT researcher Marvin
Minsky predicted, "Within a generation ... the problem of
creating 'artificial intelligence' will substantially be solved.
(artificial intelligence innovator Herbert Simon 1965)

Definition
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of
machines and the branch of computer science
which aims to create it
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of
machines and the branch of computer science
which aims to create it

Comparisons between human and
computer intelligence
• Normal humans have the same intellectual mechanisms and
that differences in intelligence are related to ``quantitative
biochemical and physiological conditions' , but computer
programs have plenty of speed and memory but their
abilities correspond to the intellectual mechanisms that
program designers understand well enough to put in
programs.

• Whenever people do better than computers
on some task or computers use a lot of
computation to do as well as people,this
demonstrates that the program designers
lack understanding of the intellectual
mechanisms required to do the task
efficiently.

Motivation
Why Artificial Intelligence?
• Computers are fundamentally well suited to performing
mechanical computations, using fixed programmed rules.
• Artificial machines perform simple monotonous tasks efficiently
and reliably, which humans are ill-suited to.
• For more complex problems, things get more difficult... Unlike
humans, computers have trouble understanding specific
situations, and adapting to new situations.
• Artificial Intelligence aims to improve machine behavior in
tackling such complex tasks.

• Humans have an interesting approach to problem-solving,
based on abstract thought, high-level deliberative
reasoning and pattern recognition.
• AI research is allowing us to understand our intelligent
behavior.
• Artificial Intelligence can help us understand this
process by recreating it, then potentially enabling us
to enhance it beyond our current capabilities

Limitations
When will Computers become truly intelligent?
• To date, all the traits of human intelligence have not been
captured and applied together to spawn an intelligent artificial
creature.
• Currently, Artificial Intelligence rather seems to focus on
lucrative domain specific applications, which do not
necessarily require the full extent of AI capabilities.
• There is little doubt among the community that artificial
machines will be capable of intelligent thought in thenear
future.

Technology
How does Artificial Intelligence work?
It all started out as science fiction: machines that can talk,
machines that can think, machines that can feel. Although that
last bit may be impossible without sparking an entire world of
debate regarding the existence of consciousness, scientists
have certainly been making strides with the first two.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the general field that covers everything
that has anything to do with imbuing machines with “intelligence,”
with the goal of emulating a human being’s unique reasoning
faculties.
• Machine learning is a category within the larger field of artificial
intelligence that is concerned with conferring upon machines the
ability to “learn.” This is achieved by using algorithms that
discover patterns and generate insights from the data they are
exposed to, for application to future decision-making and
predictions, a process that sidesteps the need to be programmed
specifically for every single possible action.
• Deep learning, on the other hand, is a subset of machine
learning: it’s the most advanced AI field, one that brings AI the
closest to the goal of enabling machines to learn and think as
much like humans as possible.

Advantage
• it can help improve our way oflife
• machines will be able to do jobs that requiredetailed
instructions
• mental alertness and decision making capabilities
• use robots for heavy construction, military benefits, or even for
personal assistance at private homes
• there will be less injuries and stress to humanbeings
• Many of our health problems now have possible solutionswith the
use of Artificial Intelligence in studies atuniversities

•scientists have been using AI to test theories andnotions about
how our brains work
•AI opens up new and exciting avenues for entertainment
possibilities.
•AI also makes interactive electronic games more fun by
making the computer controlled characters more realistic and
human-like.

What are Robots?
Robots are the artificial agents acting in real world
environment.
What is Robotics?
Robotics is a branch of AI, which is composed of Electrical
Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Computer
Science for designing, construction, and application of
robots.

Applications of AI to Robotics
Robotics is one field within artificial intelligence. It involves mechanical,
usually computer-controlled, devices to perform tasks that require
extreme precision or tedious or hazardous work by people. Traditional
Robotics uses Artificial Intelligence planning techniques to program
robot behaviours and works toward robots as technical devices that
have to be developed and controlled by a human engineer.
•The artificial intelligence concept of the "expert system" is highly
developed. This describes robot programmers ability to anticipate
situations and provide the robot with a set of "if-then" rules.

• Artificial intelligence dramatically reduces or eliminates the risk
to humans in many applications. Powerful artificial intelligence
software helps to fully develop the high-precision machine
capabilities of robots, often freeing them from direct human
control and vastly improving their productivity. When a robot
interacts with a richly populated and variable world, it uses it
senses to gather data and then compare the sensate inputs with
expectations that are imbedded in its world model.
• Increased dexterity – Once limited to heavy work, robots have
now become refined enough to perform jobs that were typically
reserved for humans. Jobs as delicate as assembling consumer
electronics are no longer outside of the capabilities of
manufacturing robotics.

Increased safety – In the past, robots were composed of a series
of mindless swinging parts that could easily take out nearby
humans. To protect workers, robots had to be bolted down and
fenced off. However, robots are now being built with sensors, like
those found in collision detection systems in cars, allowing them
to sense and avoid humans who cross their path.
Increased intelligence – Robots were originally only suited for
unskilled tasks. However, the latest generation of robots benefits
from research into artificial neural networks. New robots can now
understand and learn from images, videos, and audio. Some
robots even have a rudimentary ability to reason.

Applications of Robotics
The robotics has been instrumental in the various domains
such as −
Industries − Robots are used for handling material,
cutting, welding, colour coating, drilling, polishing, etc.
Military − Autonomous robots can reach inaccessible and
hazardous zones during war. A robot named Daksh,
developed by Defense Research and Development
Organization (DRDO), is in function to destroy life-
threatening objects safely.

Medicine − The robots are capable of carrying out
hundreds of clinical tests simultaneously, rehabilitating
permanently disabled people, and performing complex
surgeries such as brain tumours.
Exploration − The robot rock climbers used for space
exploration, underwater drones used for ocean
exploration are to name a few.
Entertainment − Disney’s engineers have created
hundreds of robots for movie making.

- Lisp
- Python
- Prolog
- Java
- C++
Programming languages used to
develop AI

“AI is learning from our encounters with nature”
The idea seems wonderful - a phone app that allows you to take a
photo of a plant or animal and receive immediate species
identification and other information about it.
Using Artificial intelligence (AI) help instructional designers to provide
creative solutions ,problem solving strategies and more interactivity in
the learning.
Artificial intelligence and Learning

For example , Games :
The games provide interactive learning environment forlearners.
The intelligence is necessary in computer games when players are
competing against other characters which are played by the
computer.
Most people enjoy playing against other people rather than a
machine because other people can provide variable, random and
sometimes unpredictable responses and behaviours, whereas simply
programmed machines will always respond the same way,in
predictable ways that mean a player only has to remember the few
basic responses possible, and respond to them in order tocomplete
the level

Conclusion
In it’s short existence, AI has increased
understanding of the nature of intelligence and
provided an impressive array of application in a
wide range of areas. It has sharpened
understanding of human reasoning, and of the
nature of intelligence in general. At the same
time, it has revealed the complexity of
modelling human reasoning providing new
areas and rich challenges for the future/.

References:
 http://machineslikeus.com/news/whatever-happened-
artificial-intelligence
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Artificial_intelligence
 http://www.6moo7.com/VB/showthread.php?t=18346