Game Development Session - 3 | Introduction to Unity

1. The KODERUNNERS Community • Unity Scripting 101 Introduction to Scripting in Unity using C# By : Soumik Rakshit

2. The KODERUNNERS Community Be Sure to Match the instructions with the screenshot on the next page.  If you have set up a project in Unity, you will get an interface which looks something like this irrespective of the version you are using.  In the hierarchy panel, there are 2 game objects by default - Main Camea and Directional Light.  If you click on any game object, their properties are shown on the isnspector panel.  The game as seen from the eyes of the main camera is displayed in the game view panel.  Other than these we also have the Project and Console Panel. Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

3. The KODERUNNERS Community Creative Coding 101 - Abhik Biswas

4. The KODERUNNERS Community Our Objective  Our objective is to create a console based game which helps us to digest the concepts of Unity C#.  We won't be using any kind of Graphics for the current game.  The game primarily shows the player a random time limt between 5 and 21 seconds and starts countdown to that time.  The game asks us to hit space when we think we are close to that time.  Finally it shows the player how accurate he/she was to guess the correct time. Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

5. The KODERUNNERS Community Starting with the Game.....  First of all you need to create an empty game object.  Press ctrl+shift+n to create an empty gameObject.  You will see that the empty gameObject has been created.  The purpose of the empty gameObject is to hold the script that we are writing. Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

7. The KODERUNNERS Community Remember  The concept of Unity is just like shooting a movie.  In a movie the director directs the actors according to the scripts written by the scriptwriter in front of the camera.  In Unity the gamObjects(instead of actual actors) behave according to the scripts you write(that makes you the scriptwriter and Unity itself the director) in front of a camera.  The empty gameObject will behave according to the script we attach to it.  We are not involving any camerawork this time, so our game will be played on the Unity Console Panel. Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

8. The KODERUNNERS Community Starting off the script  First in your project panel, open the Assets folder.  We will be creating our script inside the Assets folder.  Right click , then select Create and finally select C# script. Name the empty script TimeGame(or any other fancy name you like). Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

11. The KODERUNNERS Community Adding the Script to the GameObject  When you select the empty GameObject, you can see its properties on the Inspector Panel  Under its properties, there is a button called Add Component.  Go to Add Component, then Scripts, then TimeGame(or whatever name you have given to the script). Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

14. The KODERUNNERS Community Opening the Script  Double Click on The script to open it.  Now the script opens using the default code editor which is there with your version. If you are using Unity 5.6, then most probably it is Visual Studio.  For the tutorials I have used MonoDevelop. If you have any issues regarding the code editor please let me know.  The default code looks something like the one showed in the next screenshot. Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

16. The KODERUNNERS Community Similar to Processing  The code structure of Unity C# is exactly similar to p5.js or Processing Java or Processing.py  The function void Start() is called initially at the beginning of the game. Hence it can be used for setting up the initial conditions and initialization of variables and objects.  The function void Update() is called once per frame.  Note: By default frame rate might be 24 or 30 fps depending on the version of Unity. It means that the Update function is called 24-30 times per secon depending on the version. Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

17. The KODERUNNERS Community The print() function  To print anything on the console, we use the print() function.  At first we use it to print out the initial message.  We ask the player to hit the spacebar when he thinks it is the time.  Save the script and run it.  Note: In order to run the game, use the play, pause and stop buttons. To run the game, hit the play button and to stop the game, hit the play button again.  Note: You cannot run a single script in a game. When you hit the play button, you run the game as a whole. It is not an issue at present since we will be dealing with a single script. Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

20. The KODERUNNERS Community Setting the Random Time  For setting the random time we create a function void setRandomTime().  For setting the random time, we use the Range function under the Random class.  The Range function takes two parameters - lower range(inclusive) and upper range(exclusive). Hence to generate a random value from 5 to 20, we write the following code: waitTime = Random.Range (5, 21);  Note: Be sure to declare waitTime globally as an integer variable. Just write in the global scope: int waitTime;  Note: Any uninitialized global variable is automatically initialized to zero. Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

22. The KODERUNNERS Community Setting the Start Time  We set the start time as the current time.  This can be done with the member variable time which is a member of the Time class. Time.time stores the current clock time in seconds.  We just store Time.time in a variable roundStartTime in the Start() function and then print it out.  Note: Be sure to declare roundStartTime globally as a float variable.  Note: We should also call the setRandomTime() function in the Start() function. You can also print the waitTime value within the setRandomTime() method.  Note: If you run the code at this point, you might get a warning message that you have not used the roundStartTime variable. Ignore it and run the code. Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

25. The KODERUNNERS Community Summing up Initialization  This far we have set the initial conditions.  We have set the player wait time (waitTime) to a random value in the range 5-20.  We have set the start time (roundStartTime) to the current clock time before calling the update function.  PS: You can print and check out the value of the roundStartTime variable, but we do not need to do so in the actual game. Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

26. The KODERUNNERS Community Checking keyboard input  In the Update() function we check whether the the player has hit the spacebar or not.  To do so we check the value returned by GetKeyDown() which is a boolean type member method of the Input class. It checks whether a certain key has been pressed down or not.  The required value should be KeyCode.Space.  Hence we write the following code: if (Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.Space)){ } Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

27. The KODERUNNERS Community Creating the mechanics  Now we move on to the actual game mechanncs. Game mechanncs is that part of the code which contains the functional aspects of the code.  Inside the if block(i.e, when the player has hit the spacebar). We can get the time the player has waited to before hitting the spacebar.  We can do this by the subtracting the roundStartTime from the current time. The following code can be used: float playerWaitTime= Time.time-roundStartTime; Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

29. The KODERUNNERS Community Showing the Time lag  We will be diplaying how much difference is there between the playerWaitTime and waitTime.  To do so we write the following code: float error=Mathf.Abs(waitTime-playerWaitTime);  Now we just print out the result using the print().  Note: Mathf.abs returns the absolute value of a float value.  Note: We need the absolute value becouse the player might hit the spacebar after the alotted time. Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

32. The KODERUNNERS Community Assignment  That sums up the basic game mechanics.  Now you could print out different messages to the player based on the error.  In doing so you can use if-else or switch case. Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit

33. The KODERUNNERS Community Game Development 101 - Soumik Rakshit HAPPY CODING & HAPPY GAMING

Game Development Session - 3 | Introduction to Unity

Game Development Session - 3 | Introduction to Unity

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