The document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed by heat, sedimentary rocks are formed from compressed sand and mud, and metamorphic rocks are formed by heat and pressure acting on pre-existing rocks. Examples are given of specific rock types like shale, gneiss, pumice, coal, and soapstone. Volcanoes are mentioned as a source of most igneous rocks. Sedimentary rocks are described as looking like layer cakes.