Best Universities in Pakistan 2021: Environmental studies
1 literature review workshop-khalid
1. Literature Review Workshop
Prof. Dr. Khalid Mahmood
Department of Library and Information Science
University of the Punjab
Lahore, PAKISTAN
1
2. Workshop agenda
Literature review – What and why
Searching and finding print and online sources
Evaluating sources for relevance and reliability
Reading critically
Analyzing and synthesizing findings
Writing and presenting literature review
Citing sources in text and reference list /
bibliography
Avoiding plagiarism
2
3. Training methods
Lectures / presentations based on secondary
information
Question-answer / short assignments during
lectures
Sharing of trainer’s personal experiences
Discussion on research projects of
participants
3
4. Literature review - Definition
A body of text that aims to review the critical points of
current knowledge on a particular topic
A comprehensive survey of publications in a specific field
of study or related to a particular line of research
Non-quantitative summary of existing published literature
made by experts who select and weigh findings available
from the literature
A summary and interpretation of research findings
reported in the literature
A process and documentation of the current relevant
research literature regarding a particular topic or subject
of interest
4
5. Purposes of literature review
Define and limit problem
Develop familiarity with topic
Limit research to a subtopic within larger body of
knowledge
Place study in historical perspective
Analysis of way in which study relates to existing
knowledge
Avoid unintentional and unnecessary replication
Awareness of prior studies so as to avoid unneeded
replication
Replication is reasonable if it is needed to verify prior
results, investigate results that failed to be significant, or
relate problem to a specific site
5
6. Purposes of literature review
Select promising methods and measures
Knowledge of and insight into specific research designs for
investigating a problem
Awareness of specific instruments, sampling procedures, and
data analyses
Relate findings to previous knowledge and suggest future
research needs
Relating prior research to what is known places current study in
perspective
This knowledge allows researcher to focus problem on what is
not known
Develop research hypotheses
Suggestions for specific research hypotheses
6
7. Literature review designs
Narrative review •Selective review of the literature that broadly covers
a specific topic.
•Does not follow strict systematic methods to locate
and synthesize articles.
Systematic review •Utilizes exacting search strategies to make certain
that the maximum extent of relevant research has
been considered.
•Original articles are methodologically appraised and
synthesized.
Meta-analysis •Quantitatively combines the results of studies that
are the result of a systematic literature review.
•Capable of performing a statistical analysis of the
pooled results of relevant studies.
7
8. When we need to do a
literature review
At the beginning of the research project
Proposal
Chapter 2, 1 & 3
Constantly update during the research
When writing the discussion and conclusion
chapters
8
9. What is literature
Books Audio-visual material
Journals CDs/DVDs
Conference papers Electronic databases
Theses and Government reports
dissertations Magazines
Bibliographies Newspapers
Maps Grey literature
Internet Interviews and other
Indexes/Abstracts unpublished research
9