Dementia
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This document discusses dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. It defines dementia and outlines its epidemiology and causes. Alzheimer's disease is described as the most common cause of dementia, with genetic and neuropathological factors. Symptoms, diagnosis, and differentiation between Alzheimer's and vascular dementia are explained. Assessment of dementia involves history, physical exam, and cognitive tests. Management of dementia is also summarized, including non-pharmacological interventions, pharmacological treatments like cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, and general principles of treatment.
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Dementia
- 1. DEMENTIA NOOR HAFIZAH BT HASSAN 2007287236
- 6. AETIOLOGY
- 9. SENILE PLAQUES NUEROFIBRILLARY TANGLES
- 18. CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR Donepezil (Aricept) 5-10 mg OD - For all stages of Alzheimer’s disease Rivastigmine (Exelon) 6-12 mg BD - For mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease Galantamine (Reminyl) 16-24 mg BD - For mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease
- 20. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- Course of the dss can be: Static Permanent Reversible: 15% chance. Potential of reversibility related to u/lying pathology and availability of rx. Better b4 irreversible brain damage occur.
- NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES: - not pathognomonic of AD. Can also be found in normal ppl, Down’s syndrome. - location: cortex/hippocampus/substantia nigra/locus ceruleus -components: phosphorylated tau protein 2. SENILE PLAQUES: - more suggestive of AD - aka amyloid plaques - no. of senile plaques correlate with disease severity
- 1.Treatment goals: treat u/lying cause, if exist provide rehab to mx deficit consider modified living situations or housing options to ensure pt safety provide reassurance, support, and familiarity to the pt 2. Treat the main distressing prob first: evaluate suicidal risk evaluate potential violence recommend adequate supervision prevention of falls minimize hazards of wandering restriction of driving/use of dangerous equipment
- 1.Treatment goals: treat u/lying cause, if exist provide rehab to mx deficit consider modified living situations or housing options to ensure pt safety provide reassurance, support, and familiarity to the pt 2. Treat the main distressing prob first: evaluate suicidal risk evaluate potential violence recommend adequate supervision prevention of falls minimize hazards of wandering restriction of driving/use of dangerous equipment
- 1.Treatment goals: treat u/lying cause, if exist provide rehab to mx deficit consider modified living situations or housing options to ensure pt safety provide reassurance, support, and familiarity to the pt 2. Treat the main distressing prob first: evaluate suicidal risk evaluate potential violence recommend adequate supervision prevention of falls minimize hazards of wandering restriction of driving/use of dangerous equipment
- MOA: inhibit cholinesterase enzyme inhibit breakdown of acetylcholine by maintaining Ach level, the drug helps to compensate for the loss of functioning brain cells Adverse effect: nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, insomnia, brady, dizziness. marked on D2-D4 of initiating rx.