2. TECHNOLOGY
• TECHNOLOGY is a sort of knowledge or skill
used for employing and controlling factors of
production that, in turn could lead to the
output of products and services.
• Technology refers to inventions or innovations
from applied science or engineering research.
• Technological innovation can replace existing
products and companies.
3. Technology as a
strategic asset
• It brings new products with new features,
processes, and materials.
• New features attract consumers who are ready to
pay a higher price for the novel product. when
the technology mature, the consumers do not
like to pay a high price. But since the process of
innovation is often a continuous process a new
technology is innovated and takes the place of
the mature one.
4. TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY
PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY:- it is the information
that specifies a product’s features and uses.
PROCESS TECHNOLOGY:- It is the knowledge used
in the processing or manufacturing of a product.
MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY:-
it is the managerial skill s required for
running a business.
5. Impact of Technology
We propose to discuss the impact of
technology in general, under three heads :-
a) Technology & social change
b) Economic effects of technology, &
c) Technology & plant level changes
6.
7. Social Implications
High Expectations of Consumers
Technology has contributed to the emergence of affluent
societies, who want varieties of products, superior in quality,
free from pollution, more safe, & more comfortable. This
calls for substantial investment in R&D.
System Complexity
Technology has resulted in complexity. Modern machines
work better & faster no doubt But if they fail, they need the
services of experts for repairs
8. Economic Implications
Increased productivity
the most fundamental effect of technology is greater productivity in
terms of both quality & quantity. This is the main reason why
technology at all levels is adopted
Need to Spend on R&D
Research & Development (R&D) assumes considerable relevance in
organizations as technology advances. Firms are required to
consider, decide & take action
Increased Regulation & Stiff Opposition
A by-product of technological advancement is the ever-increasing
regulation imposed on business by the government of the land &
stiff opposition from the public as the host government has the
powers to investigate & ban products that are directly harmful or
hurt the sentiments of a section of society.
9. Plant Level Changes
Technology & Organisation Structure
Technology has considerable influence on organization structure,
length of the line of command, & span of control of the chief
executive Where companies use technology, which is fast
changing, matrix structures are more common.
Resistance to Change
The manager of a given business unit shall face resistance to change
as new technology poses new problems The resistance to change
is often psychological. A typical businessman himself is opposed
to adopting new technology as it is expensive & risky