14. Figure 13.4
Key
Maternal set of
2n = 6 chromosomes (n = 3)
Paternal set of
chromosomes (n = 3)
Sister chromatids
of one duplicated
chromosome
Centromere
Two nonsister Pair of homologous
chromatids in chromosomes
a homologous pair (one from each set)
26. Figure 13.6c
Key
Haploid (n)
Diploid (2n)
Haploid unicellular or
multicellular organism
Mitosis n Mitosis
n
n n
Gametes n
MEIOSIS FERTILIZATION
2n
Zygote
(c) Most fungi and some protists
30. Figure 13.7-3
Interphase
Pair of homologous
chromosomes in
diploid parent cell
Duplicated pair Chromosomes
of homologous duplicate
chromosomes
Sister
Diploid cell with
chromatids
duplicated
chromosomes
Meiosis I
1 Homologous
chromosomes separate
Haploid cells with
duplicated chromosomes
Meiosis II
2 Sister chromatids
separate
Haploid cells with unduplicated chromosomes
39. Figure 13.8a
Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I and
Prophase I
Cytokinesis
Centrosome
(with centriole pair) Sister chromatids
remain attached
Sister Chiasmata Centromere
chromatids (with kinetochore)
Spindle
Metaphase
plate
Cleavage
furrow
Homologous
Homologous Fragments chromosomes
chromosomes of nuclear separate
envelope
Microtubule Each pair of homologous Two haploid
attached to chromosomes separates. cells form; each
kinetochore chromosome
Duplicated homologous Chromosomes line up still consists
chromosomes (red and blue) by homologous pairs. of two sister
pair and exchange segments; chromatids.
2n = 6 in this example.
46. Figure 13.8b
Telophase II and
Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II
Cytokinesis
During another round of cell division, the sister chromatids finally separate;
four haploid daughter cells result, containing unduplicated chromosomes.
Sister chromatids Haploid daughter
separate cells forming
47. Figure 13.8
MEIOSIS I: Separates homologous chromosomes MEIOSIS I: Separates sister chromatids
Telophase I and Telophase II and
Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II
Cytokinesis Cytokinesis
Centrosome Sister chromatids
(with centriole pair) remain attached
Sister Chiasmata Centromere
chromatids (with kinetochore)
Spindle
Metaphase
plate
During another round of cell division, the sister chromatids finally separate;
Cleavage four haploid daughter cells result, containing unduplicated chromosomes.
furrow
Homologous Sister chromatids Haploid daughter
Homologous Fragments chromosomes separate cells forming
chromosomes of nuclear separate
envelope
Microtubule Each pair of homologous Two haploid cells
attached to chromosomes separates. form; each chromosome
kinetochore still consists of two
Chromosomes line up sister chromatids.
Duplicated homologous
chromosomes (red and blue) by homologous pairs.
pair and exchange segments;
2n = 6 in this example.
49. Figure 13.9
MITOSIS MEIOSIS
Parent cell MEIOSIS I
Chiasma
Prophase Prophase I
Chromosome Chromosome
Duplicated Homologous
duplication duplication
chromosome 2n = 6 chromosome pair
Metaphase Metaphase I
Anaphase Anaphase I
Telophase Telophase I
Haploid
n=3
Daughter
cells of
meiosis I
2n 2n MEIOSIS II
Daughter cells n n n n
of mitosis
Daughter cells of meiosis II
SUMMARY
Property Mitosis Meiosis
DNA Occurs during interphase before Occurs during interphase before meiosis I begins
replication mitosis begins
Number of One, including prophase, metaphase, Two, each including prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
divisions anaphase, and telophase and telophase
Synapsis of Does not occur Occurs during prophase I along with crossing over
homologous between nonsister chromatids; resulting chiasmata
chromosomes hold pairs together due to sister chromatid cohesion
Number of Two, each diploid (2n) and genetically Four, each haploid (n), containing half as many
daughter cells identical to the parent cell chromosomes as the parent cell; genetically different
and genetic from the parent cell and from each other
composition
Role in the Enables multicellular adult to arise from Produces gametes; reduces number of chromosomes
animal body zygote; produces cells for growth, repair, by half and introduces genetic variability among the
and, in some species, asexual reproduction gametes
58. Figure 13.11-5
Prophase I Nonsister chromatids
of meiosis held together
during synapsis
Pair of homologs
Chiasma
Centromere
TEM
Anaphase I
Anaphase II
Daughter
cells
Recombinant chromosomes