obesity is currently a global concern. in developing countries like kenya, we have a double burden of both under-nutrition and over-nutrition. health care providers too are not spared by over-nutrition. my best advice is for everyone to see nutritionist for nutrition advice. in kapkatet hospital we are starting weight management plan for health professionals; you can join us.

1. Obesity
Done by :
CHERUIYOT SAMBU
MSCN, BSCN, DCM
CLINICAL NUTRITIONIST

2. All of us love to have a well-built bodies, or at
least not to be obese, and we have the right to
think like that, because obesity is not just a
cosmetic concern, it's also a risk for some health
problems, such as heart disease, diabetes and
the high blood pressure and others.
Obesity

3. I am sorry it looks dangerous but don’t panic, you
can prevent your health problems easily, and you
can lose weight through change the life and
dietary style, increase physical activity and
others.

4. What is Obesity?
Obesity is that, you have a high amount of fat in
your body, and from that definition you can
notice that, obesity is not about more weight,
it's about more fat . To understand this you may
weight more because you are tall. And this is
normal.

5. Now you want to know if you are obese or
not, and this is easy, all you want is to
measure your weight in Kilograms (kg)
and your height in meters (m), and then
use this formula
Or you can use this one too

6. This formula will give you your body mass index
(BMI). the obesity is diagnosed when the (BMI) is
30 or more. now look to this table below to
know more about the (BMI).
BMI Result
Less than 18.5 Underweight
18.8-24.9 Normal
25-29.9 Overweight
30-40 Obese
More than 40 very obese

7. Now with the (BMI) you
can diagnose yourself as
an obese or not, but still
one problem. Some
people like the muscular
athletes find their (BMI)
higher than normal, when
they most likely have a
normal amounts of fat in
their bodies, and the
answer is that, they
weight more not because
of fat, but because of
muscles.

8. Waist as to Hip Ratio
Normal
values
•Male =<95
•Female
=<80

9. What are the causes of obesity ?
Our daily bodies activities need energy come
from food we eat, and more exercise and
activities burn more calories that we get from
food. And not just the activities need to burn
calories, also many metabolic reactions in the
body need the energy from food, such as to warm
up in cold weather and to sweat in the hot days.
But when our food calories amounts exceed the
body need, they will be stored in the body as fat.

10. •Inactivity:
without activity you don’t
burn as much calories. and
you need to have more
exercise to burn the
excessive calories.
So the causes of obesity is a combination of states and risk
factors that work together to store more fat in our bodies,
and these factors include:

11. •Diets: some bad eating habits
like high calories diets especially
in the night, or skipping a healthy
breakfast, and replacing it by
junk fast food, all of that
increases the body fat .
•Pregnancy: some women after
the baby is born have an
increasing in their weight, and if
they don’t lose that weight, with
many pregnancies after that,
they may become obese.

12. •Lack of sleep: this cause disturbances
in the body hormones, and increase the
appetite. you also may crave to height
calories food.
•Drugs: some medications lead the
body to gain more weight, these drugs
include, diabetes medications, steroids
and beta blockers, anti-seizure
medications, antipsychotic medications
and antidepressants drugs.

13. •Medical conditions: some diseases and syndromes leads the
body to store more fat and gain weight like Cushing syndrome.
some diseases lower the metabolic rate in the body and lower the
amount of burned calories every day such as the
hypothyroidism. And some diseases lead the patient to lower
his/her activity, such as the arthritis or maybe the patients with
paraplegia
•Genetics: genes affect the amount of body fat we store and
where to store,
•Family lifestyle: not because of the genes we find the obesity
runs in the families, it also because of their life style and the food
they eat. We can notice that some countries such as USA, have
more obese people than others countries like Japan and this is
because the culture and the life style.

14. •Age: obesity could occur at any age, but when we get age
we lose more amount of muscles built. more amount of
muscles give higher rate of metabolism and calories burning.
When we lose them we reduce the calories burning and tend
to fill the body with fat.

15. OBESITY
OBESITY
Type 2
Diabetes
Dyslipidemia
Cancer Risks
Heart Disease
Reproductive
Disorders
Hypertension
Liver Disease
Mood
Disorders

16. What are the complications of obesity?
Now is obesity dangerous, the answer is yes, and if you are obese
you are at risk to have one or more of a great number of obesity
health problems. including:
•Type 2 diabetes.
•High blood pressure.
•Stroke.
•Heart disease.
•Gallbladder disease.
•Osteoarthritis.
•poor wound healing.
•Sleep apnea,( dangerous sleep disorder in which breathing
repeatedly stops and starts).
•High cholesterol and triglycerides.
•Metabolic syndrome.
•Cancer.
•Depression.

17. And many other conditions, moreover the quality
of life may be lower, and may be you can't do
everything you want and like as easily as you
would like, you can't join some family activities
or you may feel some shame or depressed.
And this is a list of some weight-related states:
Depression.
• Sexual problems.
• Social isolation.
• Physical disability.
• Discomfort.

18. Yes, you must go to the doctor asking for help. It's
important to talk to your doctor honestly about yourself,
your health, your diets and your life style, because that
is very helpful to improve your health. So when you go
to a doctor write down some questions to ask.
Do you need to
go to the doctor?

19. These questions about why you can't control your weight and
how you can do that. Ask about if you should see a nutritionist,
ask about treatment options for obesity and for its
complications, ask about surgery and you may ask him about
what websites are useful for you to read more about your
health.

20. The doctor can't answer most of your question else he
ask you some questions and a after examining your
other health conditions. so the doctor will start his
management with the following tips:
Taking your obesity history: The nutritionist have a
lot of questions about your life style, your weight, when
you noticed it, how long you have been obese, what
factors make you obese, what diet you eat typically,
how your daily activities are, do you smoke or drink, do
you think the stress affect your weight, what
medication do you take. And he will ask you about your
family, if there is any one have the same condition,

21. Physical examinations for your expected heath
problem: The doctor first will start to examine your
general physical conditions and your vital signs including,
the blood pressure, the temperature, the heart rate and
heart sound, the lungs and the breathing sounds, and
examination for your abdomen. After that we will ask you
to have some blood test to look for the complications of
the obesity.
(BMI): of course the Nutritionist will calculate your body
mass index.
Blood tests: The blood test he will ask to have include
the cholesterol test, fasting glucose, liver function test
,and thyroid tests.

22. The healthy weight is the main goal for obesity treatment.
and you can reach that by making a good treatment plan
with your doctor and may be a big team of nutritionist,
dietitian, obesity specialist and nurse.
This plan include:
• Dietary changes.
• Exercise and activity.
• Behavior change.
• Prescription medication.
• Weight-loss surgery.
Treatment

23. Lifestyle Modification
•Eat healthy
•Regular
exercise
(minimum of 30
min daily)

24. EXERCISE IS
GOOD FOR HEALTH

26. The Prescription medication. Include:
• Orlistat (Xenical).
•
• Lorcaserin (Belviq).
• Phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia).
• Phentermine(Adipex-P,Suprenza).

27. The prevention is always better than the treatment,
and if you feel currently overweight or your body
mass index exceed 30, you need to start your
prevention program.
More exercise: 150 to 250 minutes of moderate
intensity activity every week is helpful to keep you
away from obesity, and these activities such as fast
walking and swimming.

28. Eat healthy: low calorie and fibers
rich food such as fruits, vegetables are
good food to have every day, but
saturated fats and sweets and alcohol
are extremely bad , they increase your
body weight, and threaten your health.
Monitor your weight:
monitoring your weigh and
calculating your body mass index
will be very helpful to know how
your prevention plan work.

29. KNOWLEDGE IS POWER