Graduation Thesis

CHAPTER ONE - DEFINITION AND FEASBILITY STUDY 4

DEFINITION

Rehabilitation is a treatment or treatments designed to
facilitate the process of recovery from injury, illness, or
disease to as normal a condition as possible.

An athlete rehabilitation center provides the necessary facilities for athletes and the general
population to facilitate their recovery from sports-related injuries. Rehabilitation includes various
modalities; physical and psychological.

LOCATION United Arab Emirates
THE USERS Primary: Athletes Secondary: P.T. Patients
CLIENTS I. UAE Athletic Federation
II. Land developer / Owner
III. Sports Council (Emirate wise)

KEY LOCATIONAL ADVANTAGES

 The United Arab Emirates has developed a keen interest in various kinds of sports. There are of
course innumerable reasons for such a diverse range of interests;

- The UAE is an ethnically diverse country and thus sports are popular due to nationality
interests, eg. Cricket is extremely popular due to a huge Indian expat base.

- Various traditional sports are still promoted keeping the national spirit alive

- Some sports are those that have a generally wide fan base, eg. Football

 Growing target population: The UAE has the second highest rate of diabetes worldwide and more
than 68 per cent of the population are classified as either overweight or obese. In an effort to
tackle these problems the UAE recently made physical activity and exercise programs compulsory
in schools. [1]
 There are more potential professional athletes who are choosing to remain in the UAE rather than
leave and gain training overseas. [1]
 The recent economic downturn has countries like the UAE (which were deeply affected by the
financial crisis) looking forward to the investment in the fast growing and extremely profitable
sports sector.

[1]
Source: http://www.austrade.gov.au/Sports-to-the-United-Arab-Emirates/default.aspx

CHAPTER ONE - DEFINITION AND FEASBILITY STUDY 5

 The UAE is at an 8 hour flight for more than half the world's population and coupled with it’s
sunny weather makes it an attractive prospect for rehabilitation.

Below is statistical data listing the top ten most popular sports in the country;

An example of the popularity of sports and an existing athlete
population;

There are 12 football clubs in the UAE, this is quite high when
compared to the population and the size of the country.
Australia has the same no. of football clubs.

The REHAB Market [2]
 With over 10 million severely disabled people among the
Arab population, the market for Arab rehabilitation products -
spurred by a series of rehabilitation projects undertaken by the
governments - is today estimated to be around $7 billion
annually.

 The deals value generated during REHAB 2010 was over 500 million dhs.

 REHAB emphasizes the integration of various elements of success, in terms of economic, trade,
health, tourism which will motivate the country’s economy because of its great economic returns.

All these factors add up to support that the project is feasible for the
UAE and its present and future development strategy

[2]
Source; The REHAB Forum, Dubai

CHAPTER TWO - FUNCTIONAL STUDY 7

TERMINOLOGY

A. EMG: An acronym for Electromyogram. This is a test to evaluate nerve and muscle function.

B. NCS: An acronym for Nerve Conduction Studies. A test commonly used to evaluate the function,
especially the ability of electrical conduction, of the motor and sensory nerves of the human body.

C. Functional Area: The grouping of rooms and spaces based on their function within a clinical service.
Typical Functional Areas are Reception Areas, Patient Areas, Support Areas, Staff and
Administrative Areas, and Residency Program.

D. Physical therapy or physiotherapy, often abbreviated PT, is the attempted remediation to
individuals and populations to develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and functional
ability throughout the lifespan.

E. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service: A medical, multidisciplinary, team orientated
treatment process designed to reduce the dysfunctional effects of a wide variety of social and
physical disabilities.

F. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service Provider: A medical professional providing patient care
in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service who is a Physical Therapist, Occupational
Therapist, Kinesiotherapist, or a Vocational Rehabilitation Therapist.

PLANNING AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

A. Consideration should be given to combining areas of common use in order to maximize design
efficiency. [3]

B. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Services should be located near the main entrance to the
facility in order to decrease the travel distance for patients with mobility limitations. [3]

C. Flexibility[3]

 Spaces should be universally designed to accommodate a range of related functions.

 Generic plans should be developed to respond to changes in use and assignment.

 Special spaces need to be designed and grouped to accommodate a range of functions and to
accommodate change if possible.

[3]
Source; U.S. Dep. of Veteran Affairs, 2008 design guide


D. Efficiency[3]
 Support spaces, such as storage and utility rooms, should be designed to be shared where possible
to reduce the overall need for space.
 Functions with requirements, such as facility supply and transport areas, should be grouped or
combined to achieve efficiency of operation.
 Duplication of facilities should be minimized where limited resources are available.

E. User needs[3]
 Noise, lack of privacy, inadequate lighting, etc. all effect patients' health and should be taken into
consideration.
 Institutional designs should be avoided. The building itself should be part of the therapeutic setting.
The technical requirements to operate the building should be unobtrusive and integrated in a manner
to support this concept.
 Sufficient space should be allocated for equipment and supplies to avoid storing or parking of
medical equipment including medication carts and assistive devices in public view, in corridors, or in
showers.
 Patient privacy needs to be provided while encouraging socialization and other group activities.

FACILITIES

Athlete
Rehabilitation
Center

Physical Outdoor Inpatient
Administration
Therapy Rehabilitation Facilities

Rehabilitative Counselor
Imaging Nutritionist
Facilities (Psychiatry)

Physical Conditioning/
EMG/NCS Hydrotherapy Swimming Pool Sauna
Therapy Gym Fitness Gym

Hydrotherapy Hubbard
Whirlpool Immersion
Pool Tank


ROOM DESIGNS AND EQUIPMENT ARRANGEMENT
I. EMG ROOM LAYOUT


II. REHAB GYMNASIUM
DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTION
A room for patient evaluation, rehabilitation exercise
activities, ambulation training and group exercises and
classes.

Natural light and an external outlook are highly desirable.

COMMON EQUIPMENTS
 Exercise bicycle (Bike: Upright and Reclining)

 Exercise Stairs (Steps: with rail and without rail)

 Parallel Bars  Plinth

 Treadmill  Weight racks: wall space

 Rower  Pulley weights (wall mounted)

 Table with armgrinders  Steel Mesh (wall and ceiling mounted)




LOCATION AND RELATIONSHIPS
The Gymnasium shall be located close to other patient therapy areas with ready access to a
disabled access toilet, cold water dispenser, the circulation corridor, Unit entry and waiting areas.
And to Rehabilitation Ward where provided.

CONSIDERATIONS
Body protected electrical areas.

Empty areas for other rehab procedure (eg. Medicinal ball treatment).


III. GYMNASIUM (FITNESS ROOMS)
EQUIPMENTS

CATEGORISATION OF EQUIPMENTS

FUNCTIONAL / OPERATIONAL
Spatial Requirements of Equipment and Exercise Activities: A minimum 12' ceiling height is generally
required in this space type to accommodate the clearances needed for daily equipment usage. Special
surfaces are also required for many athletic activities such as cushioned training surfaces, mirror walls, or
impact-resistant walls. Anticipate circulation, in particular controlled circulation, using a flow diagram at
the beginning of the design process.


Durability of Structure and Finishes: Increased
structural steel is typically provided to reduce
vibration transmission. Exercise and weight
rooms, including equipment storage rooms,
should be designed for a 150 LB/SF live load.
Finishes should be durable and easy to
maintain in anticipation of maximum use.

Acoustical Control: Reduce noise impact
generated by physical activity, by including
sound baffles at all acoustically rated
partitions, in particular exercise and weight
rooms and tenant demising partitions.

The Physical Fitness (Exercise Room) space
types provide a comprehensive, varied
program of physical activities to meet the
individual training regimens of its occupants.
Indoor fitness programs can typically be
divided into four categories of exercise: warm-up/cool down, free weight, circuit training, and
cardiovascular. Each area that houses a particular exercise category should be designed around the
requirements of the necessary equipment, including spatial, utility, and HVAC requirements, as well as
circulation and control. Also important to the design of this space type is the durability of finishes,
flexibility of space, and acoustical control.

TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF EQUIPMENTS (FITNESS/CONDITIONING GYM)


IV. HYDROTHERAPY POOL

Hydrotherapy Pool for patient rehabilitation and exercise under supervision.

Pool size 90 sqm (15m x 6 m) excluding pool surrounds designed for 12 users.

Easily accessible from Unit entry for possible use after hours.

CONSIDERATIONS
Hydrotherapy Pools sets out requirements and recommendations for the design, construction and
operation of pools for use in the treatment of conditions requiring hydrotherapy. Does not apply to pools
with a water capacity of 7500 L or less, nor to small tanks of the type which may incorporate fixed or
rotating water jets.

Some specific requirements for patient and staff safety include:

- Adequate change facilities for patients and staff including disabled access showers and toilets. And
open shower on the pool concourse.

- Adequate emergency call points including ceiling-suspended call points for therapists in the water.

- Recovery area comprising resuscitation trolley and bed or plinth should a patient collapse in the pool.

Additional Design Considerations:

 Depth 0.9 metres to 1.5 metres - gradual slope; Deep end may be reduced if paediatric use is likely
to be frequent

 Wet deck - single channel

 Temperature of water - 30 to 36 degrees

 Temperature of air to be no more than 10 degrees below water temperature

 Relative humidity in the pool area should be maintained as low as possible with the range 50% to
75%; preferred maximum 60%

 Water to be earthed


 Pool surface - tiled, non-slip; ensure a high level of slip resistance to tiles on the ramp; vertical
surfaces of tiling do not need to be slip resistant

 Glazing to pool walls recommended; obscure glazing may afford additional privacy as required

 Ramp access & stair access with handrails

 Pool handrails required - not recessed type

 Pool blanket may be required (insulation for energy conservation)

 Pool hydraulic hoist

 Disinfection system to be advised by Engineer

 Underwater pressure jets for therapeutic purposes are optional.




The image to the left is an example of a new kind of drainage
channel. It can be noticed that both stairs and ramp are
provided for pool access. A pool blanket can also be seen
upfront.[4]

[4]
Oswestry Hydrotherapy Pool - Shropshire. Image courtesy; Johnson Pools


V. SAUNA
Therapeutic Sauna is often carried out in conjunction with physiotherapy or hydrotherapy, gentle
exercises within the capability of the person without exacerbating symptoms.

- Easily accessible from Hydrotherapy and inpatient areas.

- Can be located close to indoor swimming pool.

CONSIDERATIONS
 Wood block or timber construction for good thermal insulation

 Non slip material flooring


EQUIPMENT AND DIMENSIONS


VI. ATHLETIC FACILITIES
1. SOCCER FIELD AND RUNNING TRACK

2. CRICKET PITCH

3. TENNIS

4. SWIMMING POOL

5. SPORTS HALLS

6. LIBRARY, A/V ROOMS AND CENTRAL AMENITIES

1. SOCCER FIELD AND RUNNING TRACK DIMENSIONS

Lane width for single track:
1.25m

Depending on what’s required a straight 100m track
could also be constructed instead of a 400m semicircular
one, as seen in the image to the left.[5]
5

[5]
Evelyn Grace Academy, Zaha Hadid


2. CRICKET PITCH DIMENSIONS

3. TENNIS COURT DIMENSIONS

An approximate North/South orientation is desirable to avoid the effects of low sun during evening play.
There are four main types of courts depending on the materials used for the court surface: clay courts,
hard courts, grass courts and indoor courts (carpet, rubber or wood).

INDOOR COURTS
Specialized surfaces target varied needs. Carpet courts that are designed to be cushioning may only be
suitable for indoor use. Low-maintenance options, such as plastic tiles, are good for both indoor and
outdoor use. Wood is rarely used for tennis courts, perhaps because it makes the balls too fast to return.


Fig. Indoor tennis courts at the University of Bath, England

Fig. Rooftop tennis courts in a building in Singapore


4. SWIMMING POOL DIMENSIONS


The chart above shows a conceptual layout of a swimming pool facility using the Recommended Minimum
Pool (22’ x 60’) with a diving instruction area. For this type of facility, approximately 7,800 square feet
would be anticipated for the total building area.

Fig. Typical arrangement (sanitary areas)

Fig. Typical Shower Room

Separate sanitary areas, containing shower rooms and toilets, must be
provided for men and women. They should be positioned between the
changing rooms and pool area. Toilets are usually positioned in such a
way that the pool user has to re-enter the shower room before entering
the pool area.

Direct access to toilets from the pool area is not allowed. It is
recommended that a direct route from the pool to the changing room
be provided.
Fig. Shower and toilet for disabled people


Fig. Stuttgart Indoor Pool. This example shows the arrangement of filter, transformer, battery and chlorine rooms
along with the other basic functions. It may be noticed that technical areas (12-16) have been grouped together.


5. SPORT HALLS


Fig. Hall accommodating natural lighting from the periphery

 Every sports hall should be capable of being viewed from social accommodation and every hall with
public use must have some social and refreshment accommodation.

 Colour should contrast with the walls and be of 40%—50% reflectance value. Surfaces must be flush
and of a consistent colour - there is no scope for applied design features.

 The roof soffit and structure should:
 Be a uniform colour, preferably white with a 90%+ reflectance value.
 Make provision for acoustic absorbency.
 Internal linings or suspended ceilings must be impact-resistant

 An area elastic floor is the critical
element in providing a comfortable and
safe place in which to play sport. Halls
may also be used for non-sports purposes
so the choice of finish must suit a range of
functional and aesthetic requirements.

 Internal walls should be flush-faced
and impact resistant internally.

 Natural lighting invariably contributes
to the hall’s ambience.

Fig. A sport hall with natural lighting and a social viewing zone


6. LIBRARY, A/V ROOMS AND CENTRAL AMENITIES

Space requirement overall: library/media center 0.35-0.55m² per person.

Carrels: 2.5-3m²

Space required in eating areas depends on number of patients and number of sittings: min. 1.20-1.40 per
place.
Fig. Reducing reverberation in halls

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Note: The learning studios are intended to be used by the staff of the
facility but may be integrated with the patient areas to create a
sociable atmosphere.

CHAPTER THREE - SITE SELECTION AND SITE ANALYSIS 30

ABU DHABI
INTRODUCTION
Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Sharjah which are three of the seven emirates of United Arab Emirates are the
most crowded emirates. These three emirates account for about 84% of the total population. The
population at United Arab Emirates is mostly urban in nature.

KEY ADVANTAGES OF
CHOOSING A LOCATION IN
ABU DHABI
 Keen interest in developing
it’s sports infrastructure, i.e.,
promoting internal sports activities
and attracting sports tourism

 A sizeable population

 No such
existing facility

 Injury
statistics
indicate an
existing patient
database

Fig. Abu dhabi health statistics


SPORTS INFRASTRUCTURE
Abu Dhabi has a fragmented sports distribution approach with facilities being distributed over a vast area
(refer to maps below). This makes it hard to choose an optimum location if one considers proximity to
facilities.

The other problem is that the
city itself is completely
congested with no open
undeveloped site available that
would be would enough for an
athlete rehabilitation center.
This leaves us with little choice
except to choose a site that is
located on the outskirts of the
city.


SITE I

After keeping into account the aforementioned factors I have chosen the marked site (highlighted in red),
as the most plausible one in Abu Dhabi. It’s location serves as a compromise between all the fragmented
facilities (refer to map on bottom right) and accessibility from other Emirates.

Fig. Site I zoomed in


DUBAI

KEY ADVANTAGES OF CHOOSING A LOCATION IN DUBAI
 Keen interest in developing it’s sports infrastructure, i.e., promoting internal sports activities and
attracting sports tourism

 By population Dubai is the largest emirate
in the UAE.

 A high influx of injury patients in hospitals indicate an existing patient database. (Injury statistics
provided on next page)

 Most ethnically diverse city. This gives it an advantage over any other emirate, as diversity
accounts for a wide variety of sports interest.

 Dubai has the advantage of being centrally located from Abu Dhabi and Sharjah which are the most
populated cities in the UAE after Dubai itself.

 Dubai’s concept of building cities within a city, has created a more organised rather than
fragmented infrastructure.

 Dubai Healthcare city also houses specialised medical research and treatment facilities making it a
feasible option.

 The government is also interested in attracting professional athletes, clubs, international councils
for a permanent set-up in Dubai. This further calls for a permanent and advanced rehabilitation
center to cater to the needs of the incoming athlete population. An example could be the transfer
of the International Cricket Council (ICC) base to Dubai Sports City.

 Dubai already has a large incoming tourist population. This shows that people generally have a
good impression of the city. (Fig. at bottom)


Fig. Dubai Injury Statistics


SITE II

This site is chosen based on its proximity to all areas in the city in general. It is adjacent to the Nad Al
Sheba racecourse and is at a distance of around 20 to 25 km from Dubai Sports City and Dubai Motor
City.

The site has the following advantages and disadvantages;

 Inclusive; completely inside the city, however, this also means the limits of the site are absolute.
Could be a disadvantage as rehab patients might want to get away from the city buzz for sometime

 The views of the city (Burj Khalifa, the Creek)

 It is close to no sporting activity in particular especially since the Nad Al Sheba racecourse is
currently under renovation

 Users from other emirates will have to go through internal city traffic to reach this location

Fig. Site II zoomed in


SITE III
This site acts as an annex between Dubai sports city, Dubailand, Dubai motor city and the Emirates golf
course. This would not only save expenditure (avoidance of multiple rehab centers investments) but also
channel more effort and facilities into one project.

SITE EVALUATION


SELECTED SITE: ANALYSIS

Considering all factors Site III is the most plausible location;
1. It is located in proximity to the E311 (Emirates Road) highway which connects all emirates together.
This makes it extremely accessible especially when one considers the central location of Dubai in
the UAE (Site I and II do not have this advantage).

2. The development would be in line with the development plans of the area, cities within a city
concept.
Fig. Site III zoomed in
3. The area is the most concentrated
in terms of sports facilities
available and thus it only makes
sense to have a rehabilitation
center in proximity.

4. A large population and ethnically
diverse population gives Dubai an
edge over Abu Dhabi in terms of
potential users available and the
variety of sports played.

5. Dubai not only has a keen interest
in developing it’s sports tourism
but is also attracting international
sports councils and sports academies, this definitely means that the patient database is likely to be
greater than in any other emirate.

6. Dubai sports city is one of the most inclusive sports city projects in the world and one of it’s kind. It
will also house sports academies, thus it will also be a hub for non professional sports or upcoming
athletes. This will add to the target population of the proposed rehab center.

7. Dubai Motor City and Emirates Golf Estates also lie adjacent to Dubai Sports City and the proposed
site. This further indicates that the site around is an active sporting hub making it all the more
feasible for a rehabilitation center.

8. The intention is to also attract international teams to use the facilities for training purposes. This
furthers the cause of building a rehabilitation center.

9. Currently plans exist for multiple rehabilitation facilities. Having one integrated facility would not
only save expenditure but also channel more effort into one project.


SITE SURROUNDINGS

SPORTS CITY LANDMARKS
State of the art medical facilities have been planned but are incorporated
within the sports city without incident.

CHAPTER FOUR - CASE STUDIES 41

CASE STUDY I
PROJECT: Beit-Halochem Rehabilitation Center

LOCATION: Be’er Sheva, Israel

ARCHITECTS: Kimmel-Eshkolot Architects

PROJECT YEAR: 2008 – 2011

AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS:
 RECHTER ARCHITECTURE Prize Winner 2011

AREA OF SITE: 18,000 sqm
BUILT AREA: 6,000 sqm

MAIN FUNCTIONS:
 Society and Community - auditorium,
classrooms, workshops, club
 Rehabilitation - physiotherapy, pool therapy,
massage, clinic
 Sports - basketball court, swimming pool,
gym, billiards, table tennis, gymnastics
 Support and services - cafeteria, changing
rooms, management and maintenance


PROJECT DESCRIPTION
"We created a container that creates another climate inside it…" - Michal Kimmel-Eshkolot

Like other such facilities scattered around the country, Beit Halochem is a community center for disabled
IDF and security service veterans that provides various paramedical treatments and functions as a kind of
country club for the vets and their families.

The new Beit Halochem is set on a 17-dunam plot at the southeastern edge of Be'er Sheva, completely
cut off from the center of town. In the absence of a meaningful urban setting, Kimmel-Eshkolot
Architects (in collaboration with the supervising architect, Shahaf Zayit ) chose to a search for a site
based on other factors - scenery, sunlight, nature and desert. The result is a building seeking to create a
protected inner space while framing views of the surroundings.

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
“Desert sun and arid scenery served us as a source of inspiration to design composition of rock-like
volumes that are grouped together.”


The building divides the site into new topographies, creating two ground floors on two different levels
that are integrated to each other by the architecture of the building. This creates a highly permeable and
active environment even for those with special needs.

These ‘rocks’ accommodate the quiet and intimate functions of the rehabilitation center, whereas the
negative spaces between them serve as gathering spaces and the circulation of the building itself.

The functional spaces seem to be thrown around the lobby creating a light permeable environment in
contrast with the thick walled exterior rock-like forms of the building. The main considerations to
planning like the proximity of the Physiotherapy area to the main lobby have been considered.


The only double volume buildings are the one containing the sports hall and the swimming pool.

The yellow path shows the clear bridged connection
between all the buildings. This allows for the creation
of an ever-changing external-internal and permeable
environment.

The use of the horizontal roof is not only aesthetic but also functional. The project lies in the hot Negev
desert which makes two things absolutely compulsory;

 Thick walls to provide shelter against the climate
 Light- material roof and overhangs, solid / louvred to protect interior areas and create shaded
exterior


Between the rock like forms stretches a thin horizontal roof, and a courtyard is formed.

Ramps are used throughout the project for easier accessibility and have a defining character. They are
loud gestures and are not pushed into one corner as a compromise.


In major areas where stairs are used they are broken down into steps of three, is used by recuperating
this would serve as an outdoor exercise alternative.

 The use of heavy concrete with lightweight wood creates a
balanced architectural and aesthetic feel to the whole project.


 Light- material bridges, span
over public spaces connected to
project parts

 There is a seamless
integration with the external
desert environment (refer to
image on top and bottom left).
The idea is to use the soothing
effect of the natural external
environment during the rehab
process.


CASE STUDY II
PROJECT: National Intrepid Center of Excellence

LOCATION: Bethesda, Maryland

ARCHITECTS: SmithGroup

PROJECT YEAR: 2010

PROJECT AREA: 6,689 sqm

MAIN FACILITIES:
 Imaging Facilities
 Spaces for physical therapy, outdoor
rehabilitation and virtual reality assisted lab
 Auditorium
 Patient lounge + coffee bar
 Multipurpose space (for group exercises, etc.)


 PT area closely connected to entrance

 The architects concentrated the diagnostic, treatment, and support spaces in an L-shaped wing
whose legs bracket the main lobby and circulation area

 Use of internal voids and double volume gives a sense of transparency to the whole building


 The center's imaging suite anticipates changes in technology and equipment with ten-foot knockout
panels. In addition, the architects allotted extra space—currently used for research—to the suite so
that it can add an upgraded MRI or hyperbaric chamber in the future.

 Avoids the institutional look. Use of natural materials like wood gives a homely feeling.

 At the lobby, the curtain wall takes on a serpentine shape, its curves echoed on the interior by a
freestanding wood-clad enclosure that houses physical therapy, the auditorium, and the chapel.

 A highly penetrable exterior volume with a closed interior. This gives patients the feeling of privacy without
suffocation.


CASE STUDY III
PROJECT: Rehabilitation Centre Groot

Klimmendaal

LOCATION: Forest (outside Arnhem), The

Netherlands

ARCHITECTS: Architectenbureau Koen van

Velsen BV

PROJECT YEAR: 2011

AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS:
 Finalist, 2011 Mies van der Rohe Award
 Building of the Year 2010 by the Dutch
Association of Architects
 Winner, first Hedy d’Ancona Award 2010
for excellent healthcare architecture
 Winner, Arnhem Heuvelink Award 2010
and Dutch Design Award 2010 public
award and category commercial interior



“Rehabilitation Medical Center (RMC) Big Klimmendaal provides specialist rehabilitation care for children,
adolescents and adults with a (potential) limitations in order optimally to participate in society..”

The building starts of with a small footprint and evolves
into a multiple cantilevered masses at the top. These
masses cut out into the surrounding terrain.

“‘Groot Klimmendaal’ can be found standing as a quiet deer in between trees… Despite its size, the brown-golden
anodized aluminum facade allows the nearly 14,000sqm building to blend in with its natural surroundings.”


 The building program is stacked up vertically. The distribution is extremely clear; below are the
offices, above the clinical areas and on the roof a Ronald Mcdonald (charity) house.

 The swimming pool starts on level -1 and continues onto level 0.


 PT and other therapeutic areas are placed at
level 0 for easy access (community +
internal)

 Ramps are placed throughout the project
for patient access. Small number of steps
placed around also for exercise.

 The services (3, 4, 5) are also meant to be used by the community, hence they are placed on level 0
with external access. This allows the rehab patients to be in touch with the community and vice
versa.

 The theatre is also meant to be used for therapeutic treatment.


A double volume space surrounds the level 0 and 1. This is used as a social gathering area and at the same time lights
up the interior.

Fig. The double volume social space


 Two separate gymnasiums are also placed more conspicuously on level 2 and continue onto level 3.
An interesting variation is created in the plans due to various heights of the areas inside.


“Revalidation centre “Groot Klimmendaal’ is a coming together of both complexity and simplicity with
attention for physical, practical and social details. Transparency, continuity, layering, diversity, the play of
light and shadow and the experience of nature are all ingredients of this stimulating environment.”


CASE STUDY II
PROJECT: REHAB, Center for Spinal Cord

and Brain Injuries

LOCATION: Basel, Switzerland

ARCHITECTS: Herzog & de Meuron

PROJECT YEAR: 1999 - 2002



There are 5 courtyards within the orthogonal plan that correspond to various therapy areas, bring daylight
to all parts of the building, and contribute to way-finding with identifiable plantings and water features.

The connection between the outdoor
and the indoor was the primary concern
of the architects. Courtyards are used to
orient the whole structure, each leading
to different destinations. The entrance is
through a large courtyard (a huge
cultivated field), in other words ‘you
enter the complex through an outdoor
space.’

 From the main lobby, various inner
courtyards provide orientation: one
is filled with water, another is clad
entirely in wood, the bathhouse is
placed in the third, etc.


Fig. Various types of courtyards in the
facility

Fig. Hydrotherapy Pool in the
facility


 From the main lobby, various
inner courtyards provide
orientation: one is filled with
water, another is clad entirely in
wood, the bathhouse is placed
in the third, etc.

 Rooms like the bathhouse are
entirely inwards in orientation;
placed in one of the central
courtyards like an erratic block
wrapped in black rubber.

 The patient rooms are arranged
around the building perimeter,
with ancillary and staff functions
clustered around the plan-
enclosed courtyards that
penetrate the large floor plate.


Numerous small round holes in the low-
slung roof make what looks spectacular
from the outside very intimate from
within. The painting workshop and library
are both on the roof to provide views into
the distance.

Places like the gym or the
workshops, as well as the
patients' rooms are defined by
large windowpanes and views of
the landscape, with a seamless
transition between inside and
outside.

CHAPTER FIVE - SPATIAL PROGRAM 66

BENCHMARKS AND CAPACITY

THERAPIST WORKLOAD

No. of visits (8 hour day) = 11 visits

Avg. time per patient = 1.375 patients/hr

PATIENT LOAD (using Dubai as benchmark);

No. of patients per year = 107,185 patients (2010, DHA statistic)

No. of patients per day = 294 patients

No. of inpatients per year = 5367 patients (2010, DHA statistic)

No. of inpatient admissions per day = 15 patients

Percentage increase in no. of patients from 2009-2010;

(103231+3736) / (103449+5367) = 1.73%

CENTER CAPACITY[6]

Max. Handling Capacity = 1500 patients

Accommodation capacity = 30 rooms

Estimated no. of clinic stops = 70 per day

[6]
Note: Area will be left for future expansion depending on the increase in the no. of patients


SPATIAL PROGRAM

AREA DESCRIP. AREA DIVISIONS NO. OF USERS AREA PER NO. OF SPACES TOTAL AREA
PERSON (m2) (m2)
Main Entrance Lobby 80 0.75 1 60
Reception 10 2 1 20
Waiting 20 1.3 2 52
Store --- --- 1 5
Toilet, Public 10 0.75 2 15
TOTAL 152
Staff and Office, Chief of --- ---- 1 25
Administrative Service
Areas Office, Staff --- --- 2 30
Physician
Office, Head of --- ---- 1 15
Nursing Dep.
Office, Assistant --- --- 2 28
Chief /
Coordinator
Office, Physical --- --- 7 70
Therapist
Office, Secretary, --- --- 1 20
Waiting and
Clerical
Office, --- --- 1 10
Nutritionist
Conference Room 100 + 50 1.5 1 (large) + 1 150 + 75 =
(small) 225
Store --- --- 3 5 + 15 + 25 =
45
TOTAL 468
Staff Lounge, Lounge, Staff 30 1.25 1 37.5
Lockers and Locker Room, 50 1.35 2 135
Toilets Staff
Changing, Staff 5 0.76 2 7.6
Shower, Staff 2 1.26 2 5.04
Toilet, Staff 15 0.75 2 22.5
TOTAL 207.64
Patient Areas Electromyography --- --- 1 14
Room
Exam / Treatment --- --- 5 56
Room
Exam / Treatment --- --- 2 35.4
Room with toilets
Group Therapy --- --- 2 60
Room


PERSON (m2) (m2)
Patient Areas Gait Lane --- --- 1 18.6
Mat Platform --- --- 1 20.5
Area
Sub Waiting 15 + 5 1.3 2 19.5 + 6.5 =
126.8
Store, Data and --- --- 2 5 + 10 = 15
Equipments
Utility Area --- --- 1 5
Toilet, Patients 15 0.75 2 22.5
Store, Data and --- --- 2 5 + 10 = 15
Equipments
Hubbard Tank- --- --- 1 30.1
Full Immersion
Hubbard Tank- --- --- 1 5.6
Partial Immersion
Whirlpool --- --- 1 39.5
Exercise Area --- --- 3 18
Dressing --- --- 2+2=4 13.2
Sub Waiting 10 1.3 1 13
Store, --- --- 1 7
Equipments
Toilets, Patient --- --- 2 7.3
TOTAL 507.5
Therapeutic Pool Pool --- --- 1 255.1
Dressing --- --- 3+3=6 19.8
Shower --- --- 3+3 =6 20.5
Locker Bay 15 1.35 1 20.3
Store, --- --- 1 15
Equipments and
Resuscitation
Trolley
Utility Area --- --- 1 25
Toilets --- --- 4 11.2
Cleaners’ Room --- --- 1 10
TOTAL 376.9
Accomodation Single Room --- --- 30 1665
Apartment
Two Room --- --- 20 1320
Apartment
Services Shops 15 2 5 150
Pharmacy 12 3 1 36
Nutrition Center 15 2 1 30
M art 25 2 1 50
Store --- --- 5 100
Cafeteria 50 + 150 1 2 400
Restaurant, 150, 50 1.5 2, 2 450, 100
Kitchen


PERSON (m2) (m2)
Store --- --- 3 1 5 + 2 5 +2 5 =
65
TOTAL 4366
Athletic Facilities Sports Hall --- --- 2 33 x 18 = 594
(Indoor) (x2) = 1188
Conditioning / --- --- 1 200
Fitness Gym
Cricket Pitch --- --- 2 11 x 3.6 x 2
= 79.3
Tennis Court --- --- 2 37 x 18.5 x 2
= 1369
Common Facilities Toilets 15 0.75 4 45
Shower, Dressing 30 2 2 120
TOTAL 3001.3
Swimming Pool Pool Area (8 --- --- 1 21 x 50 =
(Indoor) lanes) 1050
Ancillary Areas --- --- --- 50
(eg. Attendant ’s
room)
Toilets 15 0.75 2 22.5
Shower, Dressing 25 2.2 2 110
Other Facilities Physical Therapy --- --- 1 75
Gym
Toilets, Patient --- --- 2 7.3
Sau n a 30 --- 1 64
Toilets 10 0.75 2 15
Multipurpose --- --- 1 200
Room
TOTAL 1736.2
Prayer Facilities Male Prayer Hall 25 0.85 1 21.25
Female Prayer 25 0.85 1 21.25
Hall
Ablution Area 10 (each) 1.2 2 24
(Male + Female)
MEP --- --- --- --- 350
TOTAL 416.5


AREA DESCRIP. TOTAL AREA (m2)
General 152
Staff and Admin. Areas 675.64
Patient Areas 3869.4
Services 1381
Facilities 4767.4
Support Areas 887.5
MEP 416.5
General 152
TOTAL 12,149.44

BUILT-UP AREA = TOTAL AREA + (CIRCULATION + STRUCTURE = 35%)

12,149.44 + (12,149.44 x 0.35) =

16,401.7 m²

PARKING
AREA DESCRIP. NO. OF USERS AREA PER NO. OF SPACES TOTAL AREA (m2)
2
PERSON (m )
Parking (Staff + General) 70 25 --- 1750

OPEN FIELDS AND COURTS
DESCRIP. NO. OF SPACES LENGTH WIDTH TOTAL AREA (m2)
Football 1 91.4 54.9 5017.9
Running Track 1 100 1.25 125
Cricket Pitch 2 11 3.6 79.2
Tennis Court 2 37 18.5 1369
TOTAL 6591.1

LANDSCAPE
DEPENDS ON DESIGN DECISIONS

CHAPTER SIX - CONCEPT 72

INTRODUCTION

Considering the most basic principle of Fig. Nerve/muscle
connection
rehabilitative treatment, I came with my
concept. That is;

NERVE / MUSCLE CONDUCTION

Studying the structure of a nerve-muscle
connection diagram (refer to image on right),
form of the building is inspired from the
organic movement of the nerves engulfing
the muscles.


 The entrance narrows and then widens creating an enclosure which is welcoming for both sides of
the center.

 The branching out of nerves is used to create a symbiotic transition between the two project parts.
The left side focused on; REHABILITATIVE TREATMENT and the right side on; ATHLETIC FACILITIES
which facilitate the rehabilitative process.

 Following the pathway would lead to the outdoor rehabilitative facilities. The widening of the
pathway at this point creates a sense of purpose as the user would feel that they are being led to an
important place.

 The environment is dynamic and so is the form. Openings have harmonious but unique styles and
form itself morphs into different shapes and segments.

 A tight core is created between the sides of the facilities to create a social plug in between.


The concentric shape of the building form has a psychological advantage. It applies the principle of the
closed shape of the circle in a vertical format. This kind of closed yet not suffocative (due to lack of sharp
corners) environment establishes a sense of security and orientation in the user.

REFERENCES 75

WEBSITES

 www.dezeen.com
 www.va.gov
 http://www.uaestatistics.gov.ae
 www.archdaily.com
 www.engineeringtoolbox.com
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.google.com
 http://www.wbdg.org/
 http://www.healthdesign.com.au
 http://www.e-architect.co.uk
 http://www.menainfra.com
 http://www.skyscrapercity.com
 http://www.albawaba.com
 http://www.emirates247.com
 www.ameinfo.com
 http://www.austrade.gov.au

BOOKS, JOURNALS & THESES

 Neufert Architects' Data
 Time Saver Standards for building types
 Dubai Sports City newsletter
 UAE yearbook
 Tennessee department of health board for licensing health care facilities
 NSW HFG Standard Components
 Australasian HFG
 The REHAB Forum, Dubai

MANY MORE OTHER RESOURCES

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