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Introduction to
Informatica
PowerCenter
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Data Warehousing
Data warehousing is the entire process of data extraction,
transformation, and loading of data to the warehouse and the access of
the data by end users and applications
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Data Mart
A data mart stores data for a limited number of subject areas, such as
marketing and sales data. It is used to support specific applications.
An independent data mart is created directly from source systems.
A dependent data mart is populated from a data warehouse.
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Prod
Mkt
HR
Fin
Acctg
DataSources
Transaction Data
IBM
IMS
VSAM
Oracle
Sybase
ETL Software DataStores DataAnalysis
Tools and
Applications
Users
Other Internal Data
ERP SAP
Clickstream Informix
Web Data
External Data
Demographic Harte-
Hanks
S
T
A
G
I
N
G
A
R
E
A
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N
A
L
D
A
T
A
S
T
O
R
E
Ascential
Extract
Sagent
SAS
Clean/Scrub
Transform
Firstlogic
Load
Informatica
Data Marts
Teradata
IBM
Data
Warehouse
Meta
Data
Finance
Marketing
Sales
Essbase
Microsoft
ANALYSTS
MANAGERS
EXECUTIVES
OPERATIONAL
PERSONNEL
CUSTOMERS/
SUPPLIERS
SQL
Cognos
SAS
Queries,Reporting,
DSS/EIS,
Data Mining
Micro Strategy
Siebel
Business
Objects
Web
Browser
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Sample ETL Tools
DataStage from IBM Software
SAS System from SAS Institute
Informatica
Oracle Data Integrator
Abinito
Data Manager From Cognos—IBM
Cubeware
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Components Of Informatica
Repository Manager
Powercenter Designer
Workflow Manager
Workflow Monitor
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Informatica provides the following integrated
components:
• Informatica repository. The Informatica repository is at the center of the
Informatica suite. You create a set of metadata tables within the repository
database that the Informatica applications and tools access. The Informatica
Client and Server access the repository to save and retrieve metadata.
• Informatica Client. Use the Informatica Client to manage users, define
sources and targets, build mappings and mapplets with the transformation
logic, and create sessions to run the mapping logic. The Informatica Client
has three client applications: Repository Manager, Designer, and Workflow
Manager.
• Informatica Server. The Informatica Server extracts the source data,
performs the data transformation, and loads the transformed data into the
targets.
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Architecture
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Process Flow
Informatica Server moves the data from source to target based on the
workflow and metadata stored in the repository.
A workflow is a set of instructions how and when to run the task
related to ETL.
Informatica server runs workflow according to the conditional links
connecting tasks.
Session is type of workflow task which describes how to move the
data between source and target using a mapping.
Mapping is a set of source and target definitions linked by
transformation objects that define the rules for data transformation.
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Sources
Power Mart and Power Center access the following sources:
• Relational. Oracle, Sybase, Informix, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, and
Teradata.
• File. Fixed and delimited flat file, COBOL file, and XML.
• Extended. If you use Power Center, you can purchase additional Power Connect
products to access business sources such as PeopleSoft, SAP R/3, Siebel, and IBM
MQSeries.
• Mainframe. If you use Power Center, you can purchase Power Connect for IBM
DB2 for faster access to IBM DB2 on MVS.
• Other. Microsoft Excel and Access.
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Targets
Power Mart and Power Center can load data into the following targets:
• Relational. Oracle, Sybase, Sybase IQ, Informix, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server,
and Teradata.
• File. Fixed and delimited flat files and XML.
• Extended. If you use Power Center, you can purchase an integration server to
load data into SAP BW. You can also purchase Power Connect for IBM MQSeries
to load data into IBM MQSeries message queues.
• Other. Microsoft Access.
You can load data into targets using ODBC or native drivers, FTP, or external
loaders.
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General Flow of Informatica
Step 1: Creating Repository ,creating folders ,Creating users and assign
permission in Repository Manager, so as to work in the client tools.
Step 2:Connecting to the repository from the designer. importing
source and target tables , creation of mappings.
Step 3 : Creation of Workflow through workflow Manager which has
different tasks connected between them. In that ,session is the task
which is pointing to a mapping created in the designer.
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Repository
The Informatica repository is a set of tables that stores the metadata
you create using the Informatica Client tools. You create a database for
the repository, and then use the Repository Manager to create the
metadata tables in the database.
You add metadata to the repository tables when you perform tasks in
the Informatica Client application such as creating users, analyzing
sources, developing mappings or mapplets, or creating sessions. The
Informatica Server reads metadata created in the Client application
when you run a session. The Informatica Server also creates metadata
such as start and finish times of a session or session status.
Contd :-
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Repository Contd..
When you use Power Center, you can develop global and local repository to share
metadata:
Global repository. The global repository is the hub of the domain. Use the global
repository to store common objects that multiple developers can use through
shortcuts. These objects may include operational or application source definitions,
reusable transformations, mapplets, and mappings.
Local repositories. A local repository is within a domain that is not the global
repository. Use local repositories for development. From a local repository, you
can create shortcuts to objects in shared folders in the global repository. These
objects typically include source definitions, common dimensions and lookups,
and enterprise standard transformations. You can also create copies of objects in
non-shared folders.
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Repository Architecture
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Repository Client
Repository Server
----------------------------
Repository Agent
Repository Database

Creating a Repository
To create Repository
1. Launch the Repository Manager by choosing Programs-Power Center (or
Power Mart) Client-Repository Manager from the Start Menu.
2. In the Repository Manager, choose Repository-Create Repository.
Note: You must be running the Repository Manager in Administrator mode to see
the Create Repository option on the menu. Administrator mode is the default when you
install the program.
3. In the Create Repository dialog box, specify the name of the new repository, as
well as the parameters needed to connect to the repository database through ODBC.
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Working with Repository..
By default 2 users will be created in the repository .
 Database user used to connect to the repository.
 Administrator User.
By default 2 Groups will be created
 Public
Administrators.
These groups and users cannot be deleted from the repository . The
administrator group has only read privilege for other user groups.
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Working with Repository contd..
Informatica tools include two basic types of security:
• Privileges. Repository-wide security that controls which task or
set of tasks a single user or group of users can access.
Examples of these are Use Designer, Browse repository ,
Session operator etc.
• Permissions. Security assigned to individual folders within the
repository. You can perform various tasks for each privilege.
Ex :- Read , Write and Execute.
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Folders
Folders provide a way to organize and store all metadata in the repository, including
mappings, schemas, and sessions. Folders are designed to be flexible, to help you organize
your data warehouse logically. Each folder has a set of properties you can configure to define
how users access the folder. For example, you can create a folder that allows all repository
users to see objects within the folder, but not to edit them. Or you can create a folder that
allows users to share objects within the folder.
Shared Folders
When you create a folder, you can configure it as a shared folder. Shared folders allow users
to create shortcuts to objects in the folder. If you have reusable transformation that you want
to use in several mappings or across multiple folders, you can place the object in a shared
folder.
For example, you may have a reusable Expression transformation that calculates sales
commissions. You can then use the object in other folders by creating a shortcut to the
object.
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Folder Permissions
Permissions allow repository users to perform tasks within a folder. With folder
permissions, you can control user access to the folder, and the tasks you permit
them to perform.
Folder permissions work closely with repository privileges. Privileges grant access
to specific tasks while permissions grant access to specific folders with read, write,
and execute qualifiers.
However, any user with the Super User privilege can perform all tasks across all
folders in the repository. Folders have the following types of permissions:
• Read permission. Allows you to view the folder as well as objects in the folder.
• Write permission. Allows you to create or edit objects in the folder.
• Execute permission. Allows you to execute or schedule a session or batch in the
folder.
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Creating Folders
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Other Features of Repository Manager
Viewing , removing Locks
Adding Repository
Backup and Recovery of Repository
Taking Metadata reports like Completed Sessions details ,
List of reports on Jobs , session , workflow etc
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Questions/Comments?
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Designer
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Working with Designer
Connecting to the repository using User id and
password.
Accessing the folder
Importing the source and target tables required for
mapping.
Creation of mapping
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Tools provided by Designer
Source Analyzer: Importing Source definitions for Flat file, XML,
COBOL and relational Sources.
Warehouse Designer: Use to Import or create target definitions.
Transformation Developer: Used to create reusable
transformations
Mapplet Designer: Used to create mapplets
Mapping Designer: Used to create mappings
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Importing Sources
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Import from Database
Use ODBC connection for importing from database
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Import from File
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Creating Targets
You can create target definitions in the Warehouse Designer for file and relational
sources. Create definitions in the following ways:
• Import the definition for an existing target. Import the target definition from a
relational target.
• Create a target definition based on a source definition. Drag one of the following
existing source definitions into the Warehouse Designer to make a target definition:
o Relational source definition
o Flat file source definition
o COBOL source definition
• Manually create a target definition. Create and design a target definition in the
Warehouse Designer.

Creating targets
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Creation of simple mapping
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Creation of simple mapping
 Switch to the Mapping Designer.
 Choose Mappings-Create.
 While the workspace may appear blank, in fact it contains a new mapping without any
sources, targets, or transformations.
 In the Mapping Name dialog box, enter <Mapping Name> as the name of the new mapping
and click OK.
 The naming convention for mappings is m_MappingName.
 In the Navigator, under the <Repository Name> repository and <Folder Name> folder, click
the Sources node to view source definitions added to the repository.
Contd..
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Mapping creation Contd..
Click the icon representing the EMPLOYEES source and drag it into the workbook.
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The source definition appears in the workspace. The Designer
automatically connects a Source Qualifier transformation to the source
definition. After you add the target definition, you connect the Source
Qualifier to the target.
Click the Targets icon in the Navigator to open the list of all target
definitions.
Click and drag the icon for the T_EMPLOYEES target into the
workspace.
The target definition appears. The final step is connecting the Source
Qualifier to this target definition.
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To Connect the Source Qualifier to Target Definition:
Click once in the middle of the <Column Name> in the Source Qualifier. Hold
down the mouse button, and drag the cursor to the <Column Name> in the
target. Then release the mouse button. An arrow (called a connector) now
appears between the row columns
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TransformaTions
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Transformations
A transformation is a repository object that generates, modifies, or
passes data
The Designer provides a set of transformations that perform
specific functions
Data passes into and out of transformations through ports that you
connect in a mapping or mapplet
Transformations can be active or passive
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Transformations
Active transformations
Aggregator performs aggregate calculations
Filter serves as a conditional filter
Router serves as a conditional filter (more than one filters)
Joiner allows for heterogeneous joins
Source qualifier represents all data queried from the source
Passive transformations
Expression performs simple calculations
Lookup looks up values and passes to other objects
Sequence generator generates unique ID values
Stored procedure calls a stored procedure and captures return values
Update strategy allows for logic to insert, update, delete, or reject
data
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Transformations Contd..
Create the transformation. Create it in the Mapping Designer as part of a
mapping, in the Mapplet Designer as part of a Mapplet, or in the Transformation
Developer as a reusable transformation.
Configure the transformation. Each type of transformation has a unique set of
options that you can configure.
Connect the transformation to other transformations and target definitions.
Drag one port to another to connect them in the mapping or Mapplet.
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Expression Transformation
You can use the Expression transformations to calculate values in a single row
before you write to the target.
For example, you might need to adjust employee salaries, concatenate first and
last names, or convert strings to numbers.
You can use the Expression transformation to perform any non-aggregate
calculations.
You can also use the Expression transformation to test conditional statements
before you output the results to target tables or other transformations.
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Expression Transformation
Calculating Values
To use the Expression transformation to calculate values for a single row, you must include the
following ports:
 Input or input/output ports for each value used in the calculation. For example,
when calculating the total price for an order, determined by multiplying the unit price by
the quantity ordered, the input or input/output ports. One port provides the
unit price and the other provides the quantity ordered.
 Output port for the expression. You enter the expression as a configuration option for the
output port. The return value for the output port needs to match the return value of
the expression.
 Variable Port : Variable Port is used like local variable inside Expression Transformation ,
which can be used in other calculations
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Source Qualifier Transformation
Every mapping includes a Source Qualifier transformation,
representing all the columns of information read from a
source and temporarily stored by the Informatica Server. In
addition, you can add transformations such as a calculating
sum, looking up a value, or generating a unique ID that modify
information before it reaches the target.
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Source Qualifier Transformation
When you add a relational or a flat file source definition to a mapping, you need to connect it to a Source Qualifier transformation.
The Source Qualifier represents the records that the Informatica Server reads when it runs a session. You can use the Source
Qualifier to perform the following tasks:
• Join data originating from the same source database. You can join two or more tables with primary-foreign key relationships by
linking the sources to one Source Qualifier.
• Filter records when the Informatica Server reads source data. If you include a filter condition, the Informatica Server adds a
WHERE clause to the default query.
• Specify an outer join rather than the default inner join. If you include a user-defined join, the Informatica Server replaces the
join information specified by the metadata in the SQL query.
• Specify sorted ports. If you specify a number for sorted ports, the Informatica Server adds an ORDER BY clause to the default SQL
query.
• Select only distinct values from the source. If you choose Select Distinct, the Informatica Server adds a SELECT DISTINCT
statement to the default SQL query.
• Create a custom query to issue a special SELECT statement for the Informatica Server to read source data. For example, you
might use a custom query to perform aggregate calculations or execute a stored procedure
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Configuring Source Qualifier Transformation
To configure a Source Qualifier:
• In the Designer, open a mapping.
• Double-click the title bar of the Source Qualifier.
• In the Edit Transformations dialog box, click Rename, enter a
descriptive name for the transformation, and click OK. The naming
convention for Source Qualifier transformations is
SQ_TransformationName,.
• Click the Properties tab.
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Configuring Source Qualifier
Option Description
SQL Query
Defines a custom query that replaces the default query the Informatica Server uses
to read data from sources represented in this Source Qualifier
User-Defined
Join
Specifies the condition used to join data from multiple sources represented in the
same Source Qualifier transformation
Source Filter Specifies the filter condition the Informatica Server applies when querying records.
Number of
Sorted
Ports
Indicates the number of columns used when sorting records queried from relational
sources. If you select this option, the Informatica Server adds an ORDER BY to
the default query when it reads source records. The ORDER BY includes the
number of ports specified, starting from the top of the Source Qualifier.
When selected, the database sort order must match the session sort order.
Tracing Level
Sets the amount of detail included in the session log when you run a session
containing this transformation.
Select Distinct Specifies if you want to select only unique records. The Informatica Server includes a
SELECT DISTINCT statement if you choose this option.
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Joiner Transformation
While a Source Qualifier transformation can join data originating from a common source database, the Joiner transformation joins
two related
heterogeneous sources residing in different locations or file systems. The combination of sources can be varied. You can use the
following sources:
• Two relational tables existing in separate databases
• Two flat files in potentially different file systems
• Two different ODBC sources
• Two instances of the same XML source
• A relational table and a flat file source
• A relational table and an XML source
If two relational sources contain keys, then a Source Qualifier transformation can easily join the sources on those keys. Joiner
transformations typically combine information from two different sources that do not have matching keys, such as flat file
sources.
The Joiner transformation allows you to join sources that contain binary data.
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Creating a Joiner Transformation
To create a Joiner Transformation:
• In the Mapping Designer, choose Transformation-Create. Select the Joiner transformation. Enter a
name for the Joiner. Click OK. The naming convention for Joiner transformations is
JNR_TransformationName. Enter a description for the transformation. This description appears in the
Repository Manager, making it easier for you or others to understand or remember what the
transformation does.
• The Designer creates the Joiner transformation. Keep in mind that you cannot use a Sequence
Generator or Update Strategy transformation as a source to a Joiner transformation.
• Drag all the desired input/output ports from the first source into the Joiner transformation. The
Designer creates input/output ports for the source fields in the Joiner as detail fields by default. You
can edit this property later.
• Select and drag all the desired input/output ports from the second source into the Joiner
transformation. The Designer configures the second set of source fields and master fields by default.
• Double-click the title bar of the Joiner transformation to open the Edit Transformations dialog box.
• Select the Ports tab.
• Click any box in the M column to switch the master/detail relationship for the sources. Change the
master/detail relationship if necessary by selecting the master source in the M column.
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Creating a Joiner Transformation
Select the Condition tab and set the condition.
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Configuring Joiner transformation
Joiner Setting Description
Case-Sensitive
String
Comparison
If selected, the Informatica Server uses case-sensitive string
comparisons when performing joins on string columns.
Cache Directory
Specifies the directory used to cache master records and the index to
these records. By default, the caches are created in a directory
specified by the server variable $PMCacheDir. If you override the
directory, be sure there is enough disk space on the file system. The
directory can be a mapped or mounted drive.
Join Type
Specifies the type of join: Normal, Master Outer, Detail Outer, or Full
Outer.
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Used to look up data in a relational table, view, synonym or Flat File.
It compares Lookup transformation port values to lookup table column values based on the
lookup condition.
Connected Lookups
Receives input values directly from another transformation in the pipeline
For each input row, the Informatica Server queries the lookup table or cache based on the
lookup ports and the condition in the transformation
Passes return values from the query to the next transformation
Un Connected Lookups
Receives input values from an expression using the
 :LKP (:LKP.lookup_transformation_name (argument, argument, ...)) reference
qualifier to call the lookup and returns one value.
With unconnected Lookups, you can pass multiple input values into the transformation, but
only one column of data out of the transformation
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Lookup Transformation

Lookup Transformation
You can configure the Lookup transformation to perform different types of
lookups. You can configure the transformation to be connected or unconnected, cached or uncached:
 Connected or unconnected. Connected and unconnected transformations receive input and send output in
different ways.
 Cached or uncached. Sometimes you can improve session performance by caching the lookup table. If you
cache the lookup table, you can choose to use a dynamic or static cache. By default, the lookup cache
remains static and does not change during the session. With a dynamic cache, the Informatica
Server inserts rows into the cache during the session. Informatica recommends that you cache the target
table as the lookup. This enables you to look up values in the target and insert them if they do not exist.
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Diff bet Connected & Unconnected Lookup
Connected lookup Unconnected lookup
1) Receives input values directly from of a
the pipe line transformation.
Receives input values from the result of
LKP expression within other
transformation.
2) U can use a dynamic or static cache U can use a static cache.
3) Cache includes all lookup columns used
in the mapping.
Cache includes all lookup out put ports.
4) Support user defined default values Does not support user defined default
values
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Diff between Static & Dynamic Cache
Static Cache Dynamic Cache
1) U can not insert or update the
cache
U can insert rows into the cache as u pass
to the target
2) The Informatica Server does not
update the cache while it processes
the Lookup transformation
The Informatica Server dynamically
inserts data into the lookup cache
and passes data to the target table.
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Update Strategy Transformation
When you design your data warehouse, you need to decide what type of information to store in targets. As part of
your target table design, you need to determine whether to maintain all the historic data or just the most recent
changes.
For example, you might have a target table, T_CUSTOMERS, that contains customer data. When a customer address
changes, you may want to save the original address in the table, instead of updating that portion of the customer
record. In this case, you would create a new record containing the updated address, and preserve the original
record with the old customer address. This illustrates how you might store historical information in a target table.
However, if you want the T_CUSTOMERS table to be a snapshot of current customer data, you would update the
existing customer record and lose the original address.
The model you choose constitutes your update strategy, how to handle changes to existing records. In Power Mart
and Power Center, you set your update strategy at two different levels:
• Within a session. When you configure a session, you can instruct the Informatica Server to either treat
all records in the same way (for example, treat all records as inserts), or use instructions coded into the
session mapping to flag records for different database operations.
• Within a mapping. Within a mapping, you use the Update Strategy transformation to flag records for
insert, delete, update, or reject.
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Setting up Update Strategy at Session Level
During session configuration, you can select a single database operation for all records. For the Treat Rows
As setting, you have the following options:
Setting Description
Insert
Treat all records as inserts. If inserting the record violates a primary or
foreign key constraint in the database, the Informatica Server rejects the
record.
Delete
Treat all records as deletes. For each record, if the Informatica Server finds a
corresponding record in the target table (based on the primary key value),
the Informatica Server deletes it. Note that the primary key constraint must
exist in the target definition in the repository.
Update
Treat all records as updates. For each record, the Informatica Server looks for
a matching primary key value in the target table. If it exists, the Informatica
Server updates the record. Again, the primary key constraint must exist in
the target definition.
Data
Driven
The Informatica Server follows instructions coded into Update Strategy
transformations within the session mapping to determine how to flag records
for insert, delete, update, or reject.
If the mapping for the session contains an Update Strategy transformation,
this field is marked Data Driven by default.
If you do not choose Data Driven setting, the Informatica Server ignores all
Update Strategy transformations in the mapping.
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Update Strategy Settings
setting you choose depends on your update strategy and the status of data in target tables:
Setting Use To
Insert
Populate the target tables for the first time, or maintaining a historical
data warehouse. In the latter case, you must set this strategy for the
entire data warehouse, not just a select group of target tables.
Delete Clear target tables.
Update
Update target tables. You might choose this setting whether your data
warehouse contains historical data or a snapshot. Later, when you
configure how to update individual target tables, you can determine
whether to insert updated records as new records or use the updated
information to modify existing records in the target.
Data
Driven
Exert finer control over how you flag records for insert, delete, update,
or reject. Choose this setting if records destined for the same table
need to be flagged on occasion for one operation (for example, update),
or for a different operation (for example, reject). In addition, this
setting provides the only way you can flag records for reject.
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