1. Multiple Choice Questions 6. Which of the following statements about
fluid flow is false?
REVISION
as the velocity of a stream increases,
UNIT ONE-MODULE 2 laminar flow may change to turbulent flow
the viscosity of most fluids increases as
temperature increases
1. A dendritic stream pattern will tend to most streams and rivers are turbulent
develop in __________ . the more viscous the fluid, the more
likely the flow is laminar
regions underlain by regularly-spaced
joints or faults 7. What type of flow can transport gravel and
cobbles?
regions of folded strata
along the flanks of isolated volcanoes
laminar
regions of flat-lying sedimentary rocks
turbulent
2. Point bars are deposited _____________ . both A and B
neither A nor B
on the inside of a meander bend
8. Particles that roll and slide along the river
on the outside of a meander bend
bottom are called _________ .
at the base of a waterfall
by turbidity currents bed load
suspended load
3. As a river overflows its banks during flood,
it drops much of its coarser-grained load dissolved load
immediately, forming landforms called none of the above
___________ .
9. What type of material is most likely to be
deltas transported as suspended load?
alluvial fans
clay
natural levees
silt
point bars
sand
4. A river flows into a quiet lake and begins to depends on the "energy" of the stream
form a ____________ .
10. Suspended load includes material
deltas ___________ .
alluvial fans
rolling along on the bottom of the
natural levees
stream
point bars
temporarily or permanently suspended
in the flow
5. Which one of the following generally
decreases downstream along the length of a deposited on the bottom of the stream
stream? rolling along the bottom and suspended
in the flow
channel width
11. The speed at which suspended particles
channel depth become part of the bed load of a stream is
gradient called the ____________ .
velocity
discharge velocity
capacity
settling velocity
competence

2. 12. Running water erodes solid rock by 18. If sea level were to rise, the slope of the
_________ . longitudinal profile of many rivers would
_________ .
abrasian
increase
chemical and physical weathering
decrease
undercutting action of currents
first increase, then decrease
all of the above
first decrease, then increase
13. At a bend in a river, _________ occurs on
the outside of the bend and ________ occurs 19. If a dam is built, sediment will ________ on
on the inside of the bend. the upstream side of the dam and sediment
will ________ on the downstream side of
the dam.
erosion .....deposition
deposition ...... erosion
accumulate ... accumulate
erosion .......erosion
accumulate ... erode
deposition ..... deposition
erode ... accumulate
14. Which of the following does not determine erode ... erode
whether a stream is straight, braided, or
meandering? 20. Terraces are remnants of former
___________ .
flow volume
floodplains
sediment load
rivers
riverbank erodibility
floodplain deposits
length of river
alluvial fans
15. The volume of water flowing past a point in
a given time is called the __________. 21. What type of drainage pattern would you
expect to find on a volcano?
comptence
dendritic
viscosity
rectangular
discharge
radial
capacity
radical
16. What is the probability of a 50-year flood
occuring next year? 22. What type of drainage pattern would you
expect to find where rapid weathering along
joints in bedrock controls the course of
2%
streams?
10%
50% dendritic
cannot be determined from the rectangular
information given
radial
17. The shape of the longitudinal profile of all radical
streams is __________ .
23. A delta is made up of sediments
____________ .
a horizontal line
a straight line sloping downstream
deposited at the mouth of a river
a concave upward curve
deposited on the inside of a meander
a concave downward curve loop
deposited at a mountain front
deposited on the outside of a meander
loop

3. 24. Which of the following processes is the 30. What type of material is most likely to be
most important erosional force? transported as suspended load?
streams clay particles
glaciers sand particles
wind gravel particles
waves all of these are equally likely to be
transported as suspended load
25. About how much dissolved materials do
rivers transport each year? 31. Which of the following statements about
streams is false?
2-4 thousand tons
for the same discharge, laminar flows
2-4 million tons
generally carry more sediment than
2-4 billion tons turbulent flows
2-4 trillion tons faster currents can carry larger particles
than slower currents
26. Since humans began to actively affect their
smaller particles settle more slowly than
environment, how much has sediment
larger particles
transport by streams increased?
the base level is the lowest level to
which a stream can erods
10%
50% 32. Gravel-sized particles are transported by
rivers as ________.
100%
200%
suspended load
27. Which of the following flows is most likely bed load
to be turbulent?
dissolved load
all of these
slow flow in a shallow channel
fast flow in a shallow channel 33. The intermittent jumping motion of sand
grains along a river bottom is called ______.
slow flow in a deep channel
fast flow in a deep channel
saltation
28. Which of the following statements about rippling
fluid flow is false?
suspension
meandering
as the velocity of a stream increases,
laminat flow may change to turbulent flow
34. During turbulen flow, smaller grains will not
the viscosity of most fluids increases as _________.
the temperature increases
most streams and rivers are turbulent be picked up more frequently than large
grains
the more viscous the fluid, the more
likely the flow is laminar jump higher than large grains
settle more quickly than large grains
29. What type of flow can transport gravel and
cobbles? travel further than large grains
35. Which of the following stream velocities
laminar
will lead to the largest sand dunes?
turbulent
both A and B low
neither A nor B moderate
high
very high

4. 36. Potholes in river bottom bedrock are formed
meander
by _____.
point bar
the impact of a large rock moved by a natural levee
strong current which makes a "crater"
oxbow lake
the grinding action of a pebble or cobble
in a swirling eddy 41. Natural levees are made up of ___________.
cascading water from a waterfall which
wears away the rock silt and clay deposited during a flood
none of the above sand and gravel deposited during a flood
overlaping point bars
isolated point bars
42. Natural levees are built up by _________.
beavers
humans
floods
erosion
43. For a given river, which of the following
floods would have the largest discharge?
37. Of the choices show belpw, the most
common youthful cross-sectional river a 5-year
valley profile is _____? A a 20-year flood
B a 100-year
C one cannot be determined from the
informaiton given
D
38. Of the choices show below, the most 44. Which of the following statements regarding
common mature cross-sectional river valley floods is true?
profile is _____? A
B a 50-year flood is generally of greater
magnitude than a 100-year flood
C
a 100-year flood has a 10% chance of
D occurring in any one year.
39. What is the term for a curved sandbar that
forms on the inside curve of a stream? if there is a 20% probability of a flood
of a certain height occurring in any one year
it is called a 5-year flood
meander
the recurrence interval of a flood of a
point bar certain height does not depend upon the
dune width of the floodplain
oxbow 45. River terraces are composed of ________
and form as a result of rapid _______
bedrock ....subsidence
bedrock ..... uplift
flood plain deposits ..... subsidence
flood plain deposits ..... uplift
40. In this figure the arrow is pointing to a(n)
_________?

5. 46. If a stream breaks through a divide and 51. A delta is made up of sediments _________
captures drainage from the competing
stream it is called
deposited at the mouth of a river
deposited on the inside of a meander
competitive capture
loop
competitive erosion
deposited at a moutain front
stream piracy
deposited on the outsideof a meander
stream capture loop
52. Which of the following beds in a lake-delta
consists of thin horizontal layers of mud?
topset
foreset
bottomset beds
all of these
53. Why is the Missippi delta so large?
47. This pattern most closely resembles
________ drainage because the Mississippi RIver transports
a huge amount of sediment
dendritic because the tides in the GUlf of Mexico
are not very strong
rectangular
because waves in the Gulf of Mexico
radial are not very strong
trellis all of these
48. In this map view, the stream is flowing 54. The east coast of North America lacks deltas
_______ because ________
from top to bottom waves and tides are too strong
from bottom to top no rivers empty out along the east coast
from right to left of North America
from left to right the Appalachian Mountains are too
erosion resistant
49. A _________ drainage pattern develops rivers of the east coast have currents that
where rapid weathering along joints in are too weak to carry much sediment
bedrock controls the course of streams
56. Which one of the following factors is MOST
dendritic responsible for the DAY-TO-DAY changes along a
rectangular coastline?
radial The type of landscape next to the ocean
trellis Changes in sea level
50. How far can large rivers, such as the The work of waves
Amazon, maintain a current out to sea?
People's activities
meters Climate changes
tens of meters 57. Which statement about waves is FALSE?
hundreds of meters Wave motion dies out in open water at a depth equal to
many kilometers As waves approach a shore they slow down.
In the open sea, the wave form moves forward but not th
Plunging waves build up the beach.

6. 58. Which one of the following terms describes the 61. Longshore drift carries sediment into the open
change in the direction of waves as they approach a water of the bays and forms:
shoreline?
Stacks
Carbonation
Sandspits
Refraction
Tombolos
Osmosis
Wave-cut platforms
Submergence The following question (question 62) refers to this
diagram of a coastline of headlands and bays.
Tsunami
Which one of the following is NOT built by waves
depositing sediments (wave deposition)?
A spit
A barrier island
A beach
A baymouth bar
An arch
59. What is the correct sequence in the erosion of a
headland?
Headland, arch, cave, stack
Headland, stump, stack, cave
Headland, cliff, cave, arch, stack
Headland, stack, bay, arch, stump
62. Examine the diagram above. Which part of the
The following two questions (questions 60 and 61)
coast receives the maximum amount of wave
refer to this diagram of a coastline of headlands and
energy?
bays.
Location A
Location B
Location C
Location D
The following question (question 63) refers to this
cross-section of a wave-eroded headland.
60. Examine the diagram above showing an
irregular coastline. The arrow shows the wind
direction. Question: Longshore currents are likely 63. Examine the diagram above. The feature shown
to travel along the coast from: at Location B is:
North to South A cave
South to North An Arch
West to East A wave-cut abrasion platform
In a southwest direction A stack
In a westerly direction

7. Fill-In-The Blanks
1. The volume of water flowing past a point in
a given time is called the _______
2. The ________ measures the total load of a
stream.
3. The ________ measures the maximum sized
particle that can be carried.
4. What is the probability of a 50-year
floodoccurring next year?
5. A stream in its youthful stage will have a
_______ shaped cross section.
6. Particles that roll and slide along the river
bottom are part of the _________.
7. Laminar flow may change to _________
flow when the velocity increases.
8. The curved sandbar that forms on the inside
of a meander loop is a __________ .
9. ___________ occurs on the outside of a
meander loop.