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CCNA RS_NB - Chapter 3
1.
Chapter 3: Network
Protocols and Communications Network Basics © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Presentation_ID rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
2.
Chapter 3: Objectives
Students will be able to: Explain the role protocols and standards organizations in facilitating interoperability in network communications. Explain how standards are established using the Request for Comments (RFC) process. Explain how devices on a LAN access resources in a small to medium-sized business network. Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
3.
Chapter 3 3.1
Network Protocols and Standards 3.2 Using Requests for Comments 3.3 Moving Data in the Network 3.4 Summary Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
4.
Protocols Rules that
Govern Communications Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
5.
Protocols Network Protocols
How the message is formatted or structured The process by which networking devices share information about pathways with other networks How and when error and system messages are passed between devices The setup and termination of data transfer sessions Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5
6.
Protocols Interaction of
Protocols Application Protocol – Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Transport Protocol – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol – Internet Protocol (IP) Network Access Protocols – Data Link & Physical layers Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
7.
Protocol Suites Protocol
Suites and Industry Standards Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7
8.
Protocol Suites Creation
of Internet, Development of TCP/IP Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8
9.
Protocol Suites TCP/IP
Protocol Suite and Communication Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9
10.
Network Protocols and
Standards Standards Organizations Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10
11.
Standards Organizations Open
Standards The Internet Society (ISOC) The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) The International Organization for Standards (ISO) Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11
12.
Standards Organizations ISOC,
IAB, and IETF Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12
13.
Standards Organizations IEEE
38 societies 130 journals 1,300 conferences each year 1,300 standards and projects 400,000 members 160 countries IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.11 Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13
14.
Standards Organizations ISO
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14
15.
Standards Organizations Other
Standards Organization The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) The International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T) The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
16.
Reference Models The
Benefits of Using a Layered Model Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16
17.
Reference Models The
OSI Reference Model Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17
18.
Reference Models The
TCP/IP Reference Model Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18
19.
Reference Models Comparing
the OSI and TCP/IP Models Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
20.
Using Requests for
Comments Why RFCs Used for peer review Not all RFCs come from IETF Some RFCs come from IAB, IRTF, or independent submissions Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20
21.
Why RFCs Request
for Comments (RFC) HTTP – RFC 2616 DHCP – RFC 2131 IPv4 – RFC 791 IPv6 – RFC 2460 RFC 1149 – delivery of IPv4 packets by carrier pigeons RFC 6214 – extension of RFC 1149 using IPv6 Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
22.
Why RFCs History
of RFCs October 29, 1969 ARPANET sent first message (Designed by RFP) Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22
23.
Why RFCs Sample
RFC RFC 1918 Private Address Space Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23
24.
CU – Using
Requests for Comments RFC Processes Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24
25.
RFC Processes RFC
Process Internet-Draft (ID) Proposed standard Internet standard Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25
26.
RFC Processes RFC
Types Internet Standard Best Current Practice (BCP) Informational Experimental Historic Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 26
27.
Moving Data in
the Network Data Encapsulation Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 27
28.
Data Encapsulation Elements
of Communication Message Source Destination or receiver of the message Channel Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28
29.
Data Encapsulation Communicating
the Messages Segmenting message benefits Different conversations can be interleaved Increased reliability of network communications Segmenting message disadvantage Increased level of complexity Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29
30.
Data Encapsulation Protocol
Data Units (PDUs) Data Segment Packet Frame Bits Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30
31.
Data Encapsulation Encapsulation
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31
32.
Data Encapsulation De-encapsulation
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 32
33.
Moving Data in
the Network Accessing Local Resources Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 33
34.
Accessing Local Resources
Network Addresses & Data Link addresses Network Address Source IP address Destination IP address Data Link Address Source data link address Destination data link address Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 34
35.
Accessing Local Resources
Communicating with Device / Same Network Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 35
36.
Accessing Local Resources
MAC and IP Addresses PC1 192.168.1.110 AA-AA-AA-AA-AA-AA PC2 192.168.1.111 BB-BB-BB-BB-BB-BB 11-11-11-11-11-11 S1 R1 FTP Server 192.168.1.9 R1 192.168.1.1 CC-CC-CC-CC-CC-CC ARP Request Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 36
37.
Accessing Remote Resources
Default Gateway PC 1 192.168.1.110 AA-AA-AA-AA-AA-AA PC 2 192.168.1.111 BB-BB-BB-BB-BB-BB R1 192.168.1.1 11-11-11-11-11-11 FTP Server 192.168.1.9 CC-CC-CC-CC-CC-CC R2 172.16.1.99 22-22-22-22-22-22 Web Server 172.16.1.99 AB-CD-EF-12-34-56 Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 37
38.
Accessing Remote Resources
Communicating Device / Remote Network Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 38
39.
Accessing Remote Resources
Using Wireshark to View Network Traffic Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 39
40.
Network Protocols and
Communications Summary In this chapter, you learned: Data networks are systems of end devices, intermediary devices, and the media connecting the devices. For communication to occur, these devices must know how to communicate. These devices must comply with communication rules and protocols. TCP/IP is an example of a protocol suite. Most protocols are created by a standards organization such as the IETF or IEEE. The most widely-used networking models are the OSI and TCP/IP models. Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 40
41.
Network Protocols and
Communications Summary In this chapter, you learned: Data that passes down the stack of the OSI model is segmented into pieces and encapsulated with addresses and other labels. The process is reversed as the pieces are de-encapsulated and passed up the destination protocol stack. The OSI model describes the processes of encoding, formatting, segmenting, and encapsulating data for transmission over the network. The TCP/IP protocol suite is an open standard protocol that has been endorsed by the networking industry and ratified, or approved, by a standards organization. Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 41
42.
Network Protocols and
Communications Summary In this chapter, you learned: The Internet Protocol Suite is a suite of protocols required for transmitting and receiving information using the Internet. Protocol Data Units (PDUs) are named according to the protocols of the TCP/IP suite: data, segment, packet, frame, and bits. Applying models allows individuals, companies, and trade associations to analyze current networks and plan the networks of the future. Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 42
43.
Presentation_ID © 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 43