1. In the name of
Allah who are
most
Compassionate,
ever Merciful
Internship report
Kokab Jabeen
1140727-012
9/24/2012

2. Sr # Content
1. Introduction
o Personal Biography
o Session
o Taught courses
o Motivation/Reason for Internship
2. Host Organization/ Institute
Introduction
Ongoing programs
Specialties
Working mechanism
Goals/ Target
Salient Achievements
3. Focal Person/Immediate Boss/Senior
 Name
 Behavior towards Internee
 Level of Cooperation during work
 Guidance to complete tasks

3. 4. Field Work
 Name of the Assignment
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Targets
 Working Mechanism
 Working hours
 Visited vicinities/ Locations
 Detailed Interventions
 Obstacles
 Rectifications
 Communication with host Department
 Salient Learning
 Conclusion
5. Office work/Institution Based Work
 Introduction
 Name of the Assignment
 Nature of office work
 Objectives
 Working Mechanism
 Working Hours
 Obstacles
 Rectifications
 Communication with seniors
 Salient learning
 Conclusion
6. Relationship of internship with Taught Courses

4. 7. Individual benefit gained from Internship
8. Host organization/ Institute gained benefit from internship
9. Lesson learned from internship
10. Conclusion from internship

5. Email:kokabjabeen@ymail.com
PERSONAL PARTICULARS
Father’s Name : Muhammad Tariq
Date Of Birth : 28-03-1990
Marital Status : Single
Domicile : Gujrat (PUNJAB)
Health : Excellent
Nationality : Pakistan
Academic qualification
Year Class Subjects Board
ongoing M.A Population science UOG
2010 B.com Business PU
2008 F.A Arts BISE GRW
2005 Matriculation Science BISE GRW

6. Relevant Courses
Pure and applied mathematics
Statistics
Computer Applied
Computer
Skills:
Web surfing.
Microsoft office.
Good at Languages:
English
Urdu
Punjabi
Interests:
Playing games.
Book reading.
Objective:
To work for the challenging position in an organization order to build professional
creditability through efficient performance for the long career development and growth.

7. Interpersonal Skills:
Able to work under pressure and meet deadlines.
Familiar how to work with team
Good leadership capability
Creative
Can play a meaningful role in the development programs.
Reference will be provide if required

8. Taught Courses
Semester I
Introduction to
Introduction to
Social StatisticsI Computer
Population Sciences
Application
Introduction to
Planning &
techniques of
Management
Population Program
2nd
Semester
Population & Development
Gender & Reproductive Health
Population & social Statistics ll
Introduction to social sciences
social and research method l

9. My career interests:
I want to become a best population scientist under the supervision of my
respectable teachers.
Reason for internship:
My reason for internship is just to get a basic training for my practical life that I
can do best for my nation in future and major reason of internship is to get knowledge
and for learning.

10. Host organization
Introduction:
Sialkot Urban Resource Center working in Sialkot with the coordination of the
Pakistan Urban Observatory UN Habitat.
Ongoing Projects
1. Community based solid based managements program.
Funded by UN Habitat.
Technically assist by Akhtar Hammed Memorial Trust.
Supported by Urban Resource Center.
Govt. by Community Development Concerns (CDC).
2. Socio-economic survey.
3. Water Aid Program.
4. Tornado effected area rehabitation.
Specialties’:
Urban Affairs
Working Mechanism:
The main purpose of SURC is to create interaction among peoples, politicians,
and community in a positive sense in order to mobilization of all these for the establishment of a
progressive and peaceful society.
In this ways they highlight any social problem on the demand of society and include students of
civil society and other volunteer organization for the collection of data and compile these data
and find the final results that are beneficial for the society and individuals
Goals:
To create harmony among society.
To create equal opportunity for everyone.
To build up skills of individuals.
To make policies which are beneficiary for the society?

11. Achievement:
Solid waste management.
Water Aid Programs
Socio-economic survey

12. Focal Person/senior
Name:
Mr.Moeen Qadir.
Behavior toward internee:
Focal person’s behavior towards internee was very appreciative and kind.
All time, he encourages for work properly and in time.
Level of cooperation:
During work level of cooperation of focal person was well. He guides all the
time properly from all aspects of work that may be field work or office work. I
feel comfortable to work with them.
Guidance to complete Tasks:
It is pleasure to thank my focal person Mr. MOEEN QADIR whose
encouragement, supervision and great support from beginning to concluding level
enables me to bring this work to completion.

13. Field Work
Name of the Assignment:
Community Based Solid Waste Management.
Community Based Solid Waste Management
Introduction:
This topic is assigned by the Sialkot Urban Resource Center. The main purpose of this program
is to clean the society and make the society sustainable. Before talking about the solid waste
management firstly question raise in mind what is solid waste?
Definition of Wastes
“Substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be
disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of the law”
Disposal means
“Any operation which may lead to resource recovery, recycling, reclamation,
direct re-use or alternative uses is termed as disposal of anything”
Kinds of Wastes:
1. Solid wastes
2. Liquid waste
Now I explain the above types of wastes.
Solid wastes:
Waste in solid form is called as solid waste.
Examples: plastics, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash

14. 3. Liquid Wastes:
Wastes in liquid form are termed as liquid waste.
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing
industries and other sources.

15. Solid Waste:
Definition:
“All wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and that are
discarded as useless or unwanted.” Solid waste is a byproduct and discarded material of different
activities at household, offices, colleges, schools, universities, hospitals, hotels, shops and other
such institutions.
Composition of solid waste:
Paper, packing material, metals, glass, electronic wastes, and
plastic and polythene bags are the major contributors of municipal solid waste.
Solid waste is unavoidable by product of human activity. Economic development and a rising
living standards in the ASIAN and specific region have led to increases in the quantity and
complexity of generated waste. Industrial devastation and the provision of expanded health care
facilities have added substantial quantities of industrial hazardous waste and biomedical waste
into the waste stream with potentially sever environmental and human health consequences.

16. Type of solid waste:
Solid waste can be classified in to different types depending upon their resources.
1. Municipal solid waste (MSW)
2. Industrial waste.
3. Agricultural waste.
4. Hazardous waste.
 Municipal solid waste:
MSW is generated from household, offices, hospital, shops,
schools, and other institutions. The major components are food waste, plastic,
rags, metal and glass, although domination and construction debris also included
collection waste.
 Industrial Waste:
Typically this range would included paper, packing materials, waste from food
processing, oils, solvents, reins, paints and sledges, glass, ceramics, stones,
metals, plastics, rubber, leather, wood, cloth, straw etc.

17.  Agriculture Waste:
Expanding agricultural production has naturally resulted in increase quantities of
livestock waste, agricultural crop residues and agro industrial by-product.
 Hazardous Waste:
It including the lack of qualified personnel to undertake the necessary assessment,
the reluctance of industries to provide process information (including waste
arising data) and a poor appreciation of the extent to which generated waste is
hazardous.
Hospital Wastes:
Hospital waste is generated during the diagnosis, or immunization of human
beings to animals or in research activities in these fields or in the production or
testing of biological. It may include waste like solid waste, disposal, anatomical
waste, cultures, discarded medicines, chemical wastes, etc. These are in the form
of disposable syringes, swabs, bandages, body fluids, human excreta, etc. This

18. waste is highly infectious and can be a serious threat to human health if not
managed in a specific and discriminate manner. It has been roughly estimated that
of the 4kg of waste generated in a hospital at least 1 kg would be infected.
Solid Waste Management
Definition:
“Interrelated system of appropriate technologies and mechanisms involves in the
generation, collection, storage and processing, transfer and transport and dispoal
of solid waste at the lowest possible cost and risk to the health of the people and
their environment.” Waste management is the collection, transport, processing,
recycling, or disposal and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually related
to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce
their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics.
Solid Waste Management in Pakistan:
Unfortunately, none of the cities in Pakistan has a proper solid waste management
system right from collection of solid waste up to its proper disposal. Much of the
uncollected waste poses serious risk to public health through clogging of drains,
formation of stagnant ponds and providing breeding ground for mosquitoes and
flies with consequent risk of malaria and cholera. In addition, because of lack of
adequate disposal sites, much of the collected waste finds its way in dumping
grounds, open pits, ponds, rives, and agricultural land. Solid waste collection,
transfer and disposal have become a major problem in cities of Pakistan. Pakistan

19. suffers losses to the tune of Rs. 343.7 billion each year due to the economic
impact of the inadequate sanitation, resulting in 4% loss to the country’s GDP.
Over half if Pakistan’s population, 91 million people lack access to adequate
sanitation facilities, out of 25 billion people globally. 1.1 billion people who still
defecate in the open 40 million live in Pakistan the third highest number in the
world. These reports also suggest that hygiene related interventions can mitigate
52% of the economic impact. Majority of the economic cost related to inadequate
sanitation were health and 71% of the health related costs were due to
productivity lost because of diarrhea. The urban centers of Pakistan are
developing rapidly, which are putting the environment under stress. In Pakistan
about 80% of the solid waste is openly dumped along the road side, agriculture
land, in drains causing blockages in sewage system and In streams as only
51-69% waste is collected by the inadequate waste collection system presently.
This waste collection costs represent 80-90% of the municipal solid waste
management budget.
Due to lack of financial, human and technical resources, municipalities are not
able to provide basic services to entire city. Especially the low income areas are
deprived of the basic facilities. Open sewerage lines pose a serious health hazard.
Sialkot Urban Resource Center is one of the few organizations working on
sanitation at grass root level through community contribution.
Sialkot Urban Resource Center:
Before discussing about SURC. I want to tell you about the Sialkot. Sialkot is
situated 125 km away from Lahore in North West direction. Sialkot was well
organized and clean city in past many decades. Sialkot is famous city of Pakistan
and all over the world for its own leather garments, surgical instrument and sports
good production and export. During last three decades it make tremendous
progress in development of small and medium industry, which created income
generating activities and job opportunity that improve the living standard of focal
people. This situation is favorable for Urbanization. This higher population
growth rate and higher rate of immigrants put the existing municipal system under
stress and worsen day by day.

20. According to official of Tehsil Muncipal Administartion (TMA), there are about
1600 sanitary workers in Sialkot city during 1990 but now this number is reduced
to700 people, creating a big gap b/w disposal and solid waste generation. It is
factual situation that working force and resource of TMA are not enough to fulfill
the requirements for the solid waste disposal and sewerage system. TMA is fully
functional and operative in some relict areas often deprived from this service. The
peripheral part of the city not only face the improper solid waste management but
also countenance the open dumping site of solid waste along the school, roads and
railway tract.
There is a big gap b/w the solid waste generation and disposal capacity of TMA.
That’s why people throw solid waste on nearest place. A lot of hump of solid
waste can be observed in the peripheral and poor populated areas.
During heavy rain fall openly dumped solid waste on the roads is flushed away in
sewerage system, which not only blocks the drain but makes the roads the
stagnant pools of sewerage water.

21. Sialkot’s solid waste management (SWM) system is in a state of disarray. Out of
the 125,000 tons per year of municipal solid waste generated, 25% enters in
municipal waste system and remaining 75% of the population without waste
collection.
75% population
without waste
collection
25%enters
MWS
All municipal waste is either burned, dumped or buried illicitly on vacant land
throughout the city, causing significant environmental damage and threatening
human health, sanitation and pollution problems. Sialkot’s municipal waste
generation is designed to accelerate to 300,000 tons per year by 2030, resulting in
an estimated total of 4.3 million tons of municipal waste being generated during
2010-2030
Sialkot solid waste %age of wastes
Food and organic wastes 40%
Plastic and Paper 13%
Glass 08%
Leather, metal and wood 3-4%
Electronic wastes 02%
Other wastes 14%

22. Survey indicate there is little variation in the composition of waste from Sialkot’s high, medium
and low income residential communities; variation are generally less than 2% for given waste
component.
Composition of municipal wastes from commercial and institutional establishment is more
difficult to estimate, sample indicate that they are so also high.
Municipal wastes from commercial and institutional %age
Food wastes 40%
Paper and cardboard 16%
Plastic 13%
Smaller fraction of wood 04%
Glass 03%
Metal 02%
Leather 01%
Existing Municipal System:
The responsibility for Sialkot’s municipal SWM collection, transfer, treatment and disposal rests
with infrastructure and deppt. Of the Sialkot TMA. Currently the solid waste management unit of
I & S department has a staff of about 1,156 employees, of whom about 470 are full time regular
employees, the balance being hired on a daily, as-needed basis.Tehsil officer I&S and Chief
Office HQ are in charge of overall sanitation services. A Chief Sanitary Inspector, with the help
of sanitary inspector, with the help of sanitary inspectors, and sanitary supervisors implement the
overall SWM operations.
The balance of staff includes machine drivers; with the balance being unskilled and semi-skilled
waste collectors, road sweepers and laborers.

23. Solid waste
management
establishment
Chief sanitary Sanitary Sanitary Mashki cum
Tractor drivers
inspector inspector supervisors sanitary worker
Municipal waste collection method:
The department’s existing therefore is limited to supporting its large manual labour pool, and
operating a few basic piece of equipment. It operates only 28 rudimentary trailer vehicles for its
waste collection which traverse parts of the city to pick up waste piled daily at 146 designated
collection points. As there is no properly designed disposal site, these waste are dumped in open
areas and waste ground on the outskirts of the city. Currently, the SWM Department only
collects about 25% of Sialkot’s municipal waste. The balance, which is a startling three quarters
of the city’s waste is therefore being dumped, burned or buried illicitly by private individuals and
haulers throughout Sialkot.
disposal
25% 75%
25%
75%

24. Burning Wastes at a Sialkot Dumpsite:
All the municipal waste, whether being collected by the SWM Department,self disoposed, or
picked up by private waste workers, ends up filling old depressions, river banks, drainage
channels, flood plains, vacant lots or other such areas throughout Sialkot urbanized area. Many
of the dumping grounds utilized are not that noticeable to most people, due to their small size,
and hidden and dissipated locations. The damage that they cause to the environment and to
nearby communities however is serious. A Sialkot dumping site, which in this case includes
waste which has been set on fire, releasing harmful contaminations into the atmosphere.
Sialkot Waste Incinerator:
Sialkot currently lacks any industrial solid waste collection, treatment and disposal systems.
Virtually all industrial solid wastes are being commingled with general municipal waste and
dumped in the same manner throughout the city’s outer lying areas. Sialkot has over 5,000
business registered with the Sialkot Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI), and many of
them generate significant quantities of industrial waste. The SCCI and many of its members are
keen to address their industrial waste issues.
Regarding medical waste management (MWM), the Sialkot TMA has installed a medical waste
incinerator at one of the Govt. hospital, the Allama Iqbal Hospital. The incinerator is supposed to
accept the medical waste of all of Sialkot’s Government and private medical facilities for thermal
destruction. Site inspection however revealed that the incinerator was not functioning, and
according to local reports, had not functioned for some time.

25. Objectives:
1. To investigate the major problem of solid waste management with the help of my focal
person
2. To investigate how the Sialkot Urban Resource Center utilize the solid waste material.
3. To evaluate the minimization of environmental impact and measure the pollution.
4. Effectively link domestic waste disposal with private sector recycling operations at fair
price.
5. Access the composition and characteristics of municipal waste in Sialkot.
Method:
Quantitative research design is used in this context.
Research design:
Descriptive study design is used in this research project.
Research method:
Survey research method is used.
Tool for data collection:
A well designed and authenticated questionnaire is used as
tool for data collection.
Target population:
125 households from the rural area of Sialkot selected as target
population.
Sampling frame:
All households of Muslim colony were included in sampling frame.
Sampling technique:
Simple random sampling is used.

26. Sample:
Sample is consisted upon 125 households.
Pretesting:
Pretesting is also used to test the validity of questionnaire.
Interviewing media:
As the questionnaire was in English but it was translated into Urdu
and Punjabi for convince of interviewer

28. General Findings:
Problems:
Tehsil municipal administration (TMA) solid waste management is poorly
resourced
TMA is unable to meet its responsibilities.
It is basically understaffed so collect only 25% of municipal solid waste.
All municipal waste is dumped off in vacant places, plots, along the road sides,
drainage channels, river banks and other open areas of city.
There is no industrial waste management in Sialkot.
Medical waste management in Sialkot is working any how a little bit.
Valuable recycled material is thrown away just because of lack of coordination
and knowledge.
Public awareness about solid waste management is low.
The primary segregation of recycled material in Sialkot is largely undeveloped.
In short current practices cannot meet even basic level of solid waste
management.
Solution:
To make aware the people about the disadvantages of improper solid waste
disposal.
Recycle the material in useful way to consume that material in meaningful form.
Solid waste management program established to facilitate the public.
Switch to reusable transport containers.
more efficient collection
construction of storage bins where recyclable and reusable materials are stored by
each household
construction of storage centers where recyclable and reusable materials collected
by the street sweepers are stored prior to selling to junk dealers
maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets
greening of their respective areas
Encouraging others to join.

29. Targets:
1. Primary collection of 500 Households.
2. Strengthen Municipal capacity.
3. Awareness about the solid waste collection.
4. Reduce health costs of beneficiary household.
5. Reduce drain blockages and clean up vacant plots.
6. Celebrate the weak in remember of clean, from 1st Sep to 6th Sep

30. 7. Collection of household’s wastes and their disposal into Municipal bins. Also
Municipal sweepers will clean drains weekly or fortnightly.
8. Collection of waste from bins to final disposal site daily by the Municipality.
Working Mechanism:
1. The working mechanisms of field work are door to door interview.
2. We work in field from 9: am to 5: pm.
3. We work in community, and interact with people, politician, and community in
positive sense.
4. During that time we highlight the issue and after that we collect the data through
door to door interview after collecting data we compile that data and find the
result, what is beneficial for society.
5. I followed some rules during field work given to me by my host organization
6. I do not permit to eat during fieldwork.
7. I do not permit to take anything from interviewer
8. I do not permit to drink even water from the field area.
9. Working mechanism is just as that I have done numeration of this program and
marking of the households as for the remembrance that data has been collected
from this household.

31. 10. During numeration there I was not allowed to enter in the households to get the
data.
11. For data collection from households it was necessary to display my UOG ID card.
12. During working in field it was mechanism to work with sincerity and in serious
mood.
Working Hours:
We work in field 8 hours daily, 9: am -5: pm. So working hours were 6 hours because from 2-3
PM was lunch break.
Visited Vicinities/ Locations:
We visited Muslim colony Sialkot in which 625 household overall visited. Out of 625
household 125 households per person visited.
Obstacles:
There are some obstacles comes during field work
During field work I face the bitter behavior of the people.
Some people do not co-operate with me to give their information.
Some people even use rubbish language with me.
Sometimes the weather becomes very unsuitable to work in field properly.
Sometimes the behavior of people was so rude that they even close their doors just
to see that someone standing outside to take their some information.
Interviewer behavior is very big problem in collecting data during field work.
I travel more than 5 hours daily to reach my numeration place i.e. from Lalamusa to
Sialkot.
During this traveling I also suffered lot of problems in which not only behavior of
people include as well as my physical tiredness also contributed.
Rectifications:
Through awareness and education it can be rectify
I do not lose my temper during the fieldwork despite the harsh words of people.

32. At that time I do not care about the rude behavior of people with me, Because I was over
there just to get the training and during training lot of problems a person must faced. I
also faced but I remained determined on my passion of work.
The problem of weather does not affect me as such because may that is not suitable to
work in field but anyhow the weather was pleasant.
I never feel tiredness at all to avoid from work but I motivate myself from daily traveling
that it is the real training which will be beneficial for me in my practical life.
Communication with Host Department:
Communication with host department are well, the focal person fully communicate and guide to
us. And guide us appropriately in those two hours. And after field work we go to the office and
submit the daily report. So over all communication was very strong and that organization
members not show any discrimination between us. And not behave us like the internee but we
feel comfortable and full satisfaction by working in that organization.
Salient Learning:
There is some salient learning that is followings
I learn there during fieldwork that first of all how to deal with the different
people.
How to communicate in field
How to make Map?
How to mark household number?
How to marking household numbering into Map?
Field work enhances the confidence level of mine.
I travel more than 5 hours a day during fieldwork to reach my place of numeration
during that timing I also learned lot of things.
Conclusion:
There is limited focus on control mechanism which is affecting safety, health and
environment. Solid waste management is not the priority for some people but
some warmly welcomed this project initiative. Open burning and open disposal is
a common practice. So open burning of plastic waste increasing the air pollution

33. and depleting the ozone layer. But our host organization work on this program can
improve the efficiency of the solid waste management. House to house collection
is made available. And this project has taken its first initiative. In short by
working on this project along with Sialkot Urban Resource Center we not only
learn much more knowledge for practical life but also see the situation of people
very closely and feel their feelings from heart.

34. Office work
Name of assignment:
After collecting data reedit
Enter the data into excel
Interpret the data into meaningful form for final presentation.
Introduction:
As the assignment name is indicating that what of work which I have to done.
Edit the data to remove all kind of possible mistakes and to make it ready for the final
presentation. Reconstruct it in meaningful form. So that when this data presented as final work
so that hard working done on this project should be seemed.
Nature of the office work:
The nature of office is that all work would be done on the computer. Microsoft Office is used for
this purpose. As this project assigned to us by our host organization so our main work is just up
till data base entry. SPSS working never done by us as the program was not as own it was
recommended by our host organization.
Objectives:
To keep complete command on office work.
To get basic training for professional life.
To learn the basic skills of computer.
Working mechanism:
Working mechanism of office work is to just edit the data on papers
and then enter this data to make a record in computer. To enter the data in micro soft excel and
then just sum up the some necessary columns and find average of some data to make the results
clear and easy to find.
Working hours:
We work in office approximately 8 hours (9: am to 5: pm)

35. Obstacles:
There are no as much obstacles comes during office work. Because I have
already some basic skills of computer. So there was no difficulty which I
faced during office work. During office work was the load shedding problem.
Communication with seniors:
During office work my communication with my seniors
was continuous, as my Coordinator Mr. Moeen Qadir guides me all the time properly that how to
work in office.
Salient learning:
I already have basic skills of computer but I command on the Microsoft
office by working on Microsoft excels. Because I never work on excel before this office work.
So it improves my skills on computer not little bit but largely
Conclusion:
Office work is necessary to make the final conclusion about the data collected from
the households. So this basic office work helps out the organization to draw their conclusion
easily.
Relationship of internship with Taught Courses:
Internship has strongly related with taught courses except
major ones. The relationship with that of taught courses is as following.

36. introduction
to social sci
social
research me social
statistics l
thod l
introduction
social
to computer
statistics ll
application
Social statistics l:
In this course we have studied the basic statistics techniques.
In this course we have studied about normal distribution.
Social statistics II:
In this subject I also have learned about the statistical tests which are most
important part of the internship to find out final results
In this subject we have learned about the types of sampling
In which we are being taught which the basic key to start the research project
is.
Social research method I:
In this subject we read about the social research methods and techniques,
different paradigms and basic tools to do better outcomes of research.
This course also helps a lot during internship.
Introduction to social sciences:
In this course I have studied about the behavior of the people.

37. What kind of gestures they show in different conditions and how we can
identify such kind of behavior.
Introduction to Computer Application:
In this course I taught about the basic computer skills, windows,
installation and MS office.
Individual Benefit Gained from Internship:
The following benefit I have gained from the internship program as individual:
It strengthens my computer skills.
I have a little grip on my talking style.
It helps me to increase my confidential level.
Due to it I come to know that how people different in different situations.
It also helps me out that how to faced the difficulties in life bravely.
Host organization gained from Internship:
They take a step towards completing the
project on which they are working day and night. So my internship over there helps them a little
bit to complete their project. So my internship over there helps them a little bit to complete
their project
Lesson learned from Internship:
I have learned the following lesson from the internship;
This program improves my skills for a better future.
I am also able to discover my hidden skills as well as faults due to internship
In short it enhances the confidence level of mine.

38. Conclusion of Internship:
Over all conclusion of my internship is as follows.
When I start first day I did not think that I was going to be able all such difficult
task in the field for six hours a day and six days a week. Once I realized that what
I have to do I organized my day and work so that I was not wasting my time but
in every new moment I was learning something better.
In review this internship has been an excellent and rewarding experience. I have
been able to meet with so many people that will be able to help me with
opportunities in the future.
I have learned from this internship is time management skills.
I have learned from internship to self motivation.
I enjoy this line of work. This was an excellent experience and I hope that other
interns got as much out of it as I did!
In conclusion, my internship at Sialkot Urban Resource Center was an
outstanding experience. I got a deep and inspiring insight in the office as well as
in field work.