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Managing Without Growth: Slower by Design, Not Disaster
- 1. Managing without Growth Slower by Design, not Disaster Dr. Peter A. Victor 24 September 2010
- 5. Firms Households Goods and Services Land, Labour, Capital $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Natural Inputs (flows of materials & energy from SOURCES and Environmental SERVICES ) Waste Outputs (SINKS) Bio-physical Cycles Economic Cycle 1. The economy: a sub-system of the biosphere
- 6. Financial Real Natural money, credit, debt goods, services, labour, capital energy, materials, life
- 7. Financial Real money, credit, debt goods, services, labour, capital
- 8. OECD Founded in 1960
- 9. 2. Excessive Burden on the Environment: Transgressing Planetary Boundaries
- 10. Billion tonnes Global Materials Extraction 1900 to 2005 100% 700%
- 11. Peak oil Production exceeds discoveries Peak Oil Peak discovery
- 12. 3. Technology: helpful but not sufficient
- 13. 1946 1970 1992 2010
- 17. ‘ I would say this is most environmentally friendly cruise ship to date. It is much more efficient than other similar ships.’ (Project engineer)
- 19. Energy intensity is declining but not fast enough 59% Key message: Environmental impact depends on i ntensity and scale 110% 24% GDP Primary Energy Energy Intensity 4. Must address scale as well as intensity
- 20. Material intensity: same story 47% 110% 29% Key message: Environmental impact depends on intensity and scale GDP Resource Extraction Material Intensity
- 21. 5. Many questioning growth
- 23. Real Income per person Percentage very happy
- 25. 6. Extreme global inequalities: rich countries should go first
- 27. LowGrow Canada You bet!
- 29. ‘ Business as usual’ GDP per Capita GHG Emissions Poverty Unemployment Debt to GDP Ratio
- 31. A no growth disaster GDP per Capita GHG Emissions Poverty Unemployment Debt to GDP Ratio
- 32. ‘ The real issue is whether it is possible to challenge the “growth-at-any-cost model” and come up with an alternative that is environmentally benign, economically robust and politically feasible.’ Larry Elliot (economics editor) The Guardian Weekly 29th August 2008
- 35. Poverty Unemployment GHG Emissions Debt to GDP Ratio GDP per Capita A Canadian degrowth scenario
- 38. The scenarios compared: growth drivers
- 40. 8. Can we adapt?
- 43. Thank you
Notas do Editor
- Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) data on marine and terrestrial plant productivity Biosphere: marine and terrestrial plant productivity
- “… hardly a trace of interest in economic growth as a policy objective in the official or professional literature of western countries before 1950” (Arndt, 1978) Article 1a) The aims of the OECD shall be to promote policies designed: to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; Paris 14th December 1960 Founding Convention of the OECD
- Source: Nature, October 2009 Stockholm Resilience Centre
- Krausmann, F., Gingrich, S., Eisenmenger, N., Erb, K.H., Haberl, H., Fischer-Kowalski, M. Growth in global materials use, GDP and population during the 20th century. Ecological Economics 2009
- Colin Campbell http://www.hubbertpeak.com/de/lecture.html
- Oasis of the Seas http://www.stxeurope.com/upload/ships/hires/oasis_of_the_seas_setrial_oct1_300dpi.jpg Largest cruise ship - 3,600 passengers - launched in October2009. ‘ I would say this is most environmentally friendly cruise ship to date’ Mikko Ilus, project engineer. ‘It is much more efficient than other similar ships’. …it ’dumps no sewage into the sea, reuses its waste water and consumes 25 percent less power than similar, but smaller, cruise liners.’ Associated Press reported in the Toronto Star October 31 2009. According to the company: “14-25% energy and carbon footrprint improvement per passenger…compared to predecessors” this is 25% less
- http://www.ukerc.ac.uk/Downloads/PDF/07/0710ReboundEffect/0710LaunchPresentation.pdf
- Must address scale as well as intensity
- R. Layard, Happiness, p. 32, Allen Lane, 2005 Happiness measured as the average of the percentage happy and the percentage satisfied with their life. Over $15,000/capita, the level of happiness in a country is independent of income per head
- Extreme global inequalities - rich countries should go first http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theglitteringeye.com/images/germanfamily.jpeg&imgrefurl=http://theglitteringeye.com/%3Fcat%3D11&h=404&w=611&sz=292&hl=en&start=16&um=1&usg=__IOz0zGRF6jE1ljbGf4oAHD16ioM=&tbnid=vfXC6w_KMiZD8M:&tbnh=90&tbnw=136&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfood%2Bin%2Bdifferent%2Bcountries%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den-us%26sa%3DN Germany $500/week Equador $32/week Bhutan $5/week Chad $1.23/week
- Equation 1 is estimated using regression from data from the ecological footprint and world GDP. The values for world GDP in the slide differ slightly from the reported values ($17.78tr and $32.0tr) GDP s = 1.76 + 3.23r (1) GDP s = sustainable GDP (10trillion US$2000) r = percent reduction in GHG emissions B = GDP s /P (2) B = stable GDP per capita P = stable global population D = mB (3) D = Canadian GDP/capita m = ratio of Canadian GDP/capita to average average stable GDP per capita By substitution: D = m (1.76 + 3.23r)/P (4)
- Instead of trying to dominate nature, we must learn to live within its limits. To do so will require changes in our most cherished institutions and beliefs.