Statemests and Uses of Past Perfect tense.

1. UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR
FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN
CARRERA PLURILINGUE
ASIGNATURA: CURRICULO
NOMBRE: KAROL BOLAÑOS

2. POSITIVE STATEMENTS
 SUBJECT + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
 I had been (I'd been)
 You had gone (you'd gone)
 She had met (she'd met)
 He had played (he'd played)
 It had rained (it'd rained)
 We had bought (we'd bought)
 They had studied (they'd studied)

3. NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
 SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE +
COMPLEMENT
 I had not been (I hadn't been)
 You had not gone (you hadn't gone)
 She had not met (she hadn't met)
 He had not played (he hadn't played)
 It had not rained (it hadn't rained)
 We had not bought (we hadn't bought)
 They had not studied (they hadn't studied)

4. YES/NO QUESTIONS
 HAD + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE
 Had I come?
 Had you eaten?
 Had she gone?
 Had it rained?
 Had he studied?
 Had we met?
 Had they left?

5. “WH” QUESTIONS
 QUESTION WORD + HAD + SUBJECT + PAST
PARTICIPLE
 When had I come?
 Why had you eaten?
 Where had she gone?
 When had it rained?
 Why had he studied?
 How had we met?
 When had they left?

6. USING THE PAST PERFECT
 1. A completed action before something else in the past.
When we arrived, the film had started.
( first the film started, then later we arrived)

7. USING THE PAST PERFECT
 2. To explain or give a reason for something in the past.
I'd eaten dinner so I wasn't hungry.
It had snowed in the night, so the bus didn't arrive.

8. USING THE PAST PERFECT
 3. Stative verbs only: something that
started in the past and continued up to
another action in the past.
When he graduated, he had been in London for
six years.
( he arrived in London six years before he
graduated and lived there continuously until he
graduated, or even longer)

9. USING THE PAST PERFECT
 4. Unreal or hypothetical stituations (Third conditional)
(if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle)
If she had studied, she would have passed the exam.
If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick.
She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university
She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a better present.

10. USING THE PAST PERFECT
 5. In reported speech : The past perfect is common when we report people's
words or thoughts.
John said that he had never eaten sushi before.
I thought I had sent her a birthday card, but I was wrong.
She told me that she had studied, but I knew she had not.
She wondered why their classmates had been so unkind to her.