4. The Menstrual Cycle Days 1–4 The uterine
lining is shed during
menstruation.
Days 5–13 An egg
matures in one of the
ovaries, and the
uterine lining starts to
thicken.
Egg
Egg
Maturing
Egg
Days 14–15 The ovary
releases the mature egg
during ovulation.
Days 16–22 The egg
travels through the
fallopian tube to the
uterus, and the uterine
lining continues to
thicken.
Days 23–28 The
unfertilized egg enters
the uterus.
7. PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
• MENSTRUATION
• PROLIFERATION
• OVULATION
• SECRETORY
8. PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL
CYCLE
• MENSTRUATION
• PROLIFERATION
• OVULATION
• SECRETORY
• DAY 1 to 5
• DAY 6 to 13
• DAY 14
• DAY 15 to 28
9. • VARIES
• NEW FOLLICLE IS FORMING
• THE UTERINE LINING IS SHEDDING
• HORMONES ARE AT THEIR LOWEST
• MUCUS IS LOW IN VOLUME &
ELASTICITY,CLOUDY,THICK
• TEMPERATURE IS NORMAL
• SYMPTOMS: ANXIETY, HEADACHES,
CRAMPS, NAUSEA, DEPRESSION, DIARRHEA,
DECREASED LIBIDO
10. • VARIES
• FOLLICLE MATURING
• UTERINE LINING BUILDING UP
• HORMONES START TO RISE
• MENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS SUBSIDING
• FEELING PRETTY AND GOOD
• LIBIDO INCREASING
11. • FAIRLY CONSTANT time in your cycle
• MATURE EGG LEAVES THE FOLLICLE
• HORMONE PEAK
• MUCUS IS HIGH VOLUME & ELASTICITY, THIN, CLEAR
• TEMP IS LOW
• SYMPTOMS: INCREASE SECRETIONS,
NAUSEA, SHARP OR DULL PAIN, SPOTTING,
12. • CONSTANT
• EGG DEGENERATES
• CORPUS LUTEUM REGRESSING
• HORMONES STABLE- MODERATE
• MUCUS IS LOW IN VOLUME & ELASTICY, THICK, CLOUDY
• TEMP- SPIKES JUST AFTER OVULATION, THEN STABLIZES
• SYMPTOMS: WEIGHT GAIN, BLOATING,
SWELLING, BREAST TENDERNESS, ANXIETY,
DEPRESSION,ANXIETY, HEAD ACHE, SPOTTING ,
CONSTIPATION,ACNE
13. What’s the impact?
Women’s fluctuating hormones make us very
variable in nature; men’s hormones are very
steady state and don’t fluctuate much at all.
Basically it means that if you don’t like us today,
wait-more than likely a female will improve in a few
days…
With men, if you don’t like them on day one, more
than likely they won’t change a whole lot.
15. Prostaglandins
Activation of the inflammatory response, production of pain,
and fever
When tissues are damaged, white blood cells flood to the site
to try to minimize tissue destruction
Prostaglandins are produced as a result. Blood clots form
when a blood vessel is damaged
A type of prostaglandin called thromboxane stimulates
constriction and clotting of platelets
Conversely, PGI2, is produced to have the opposite effect on
the walls of blood vessels where clots should not be forming
PGE2 causes uterine contractions.
16. Prostaglandins
Activation of the inflammatory response, production of pain,
and fever
When tissues are damaged, white blood cells flood to the site
to try to minimize tissue destruction
Prostaglandins are produced as a result. Blood clots form
when a blood vessel is damaged
A type of prostaglandin called thromboxane stimulates
constriction and clotting of platelets
Conversely, PGI2, is produced to have the opposite effect on
the walls of blood vessels where clots should not be forming
PGE2 causes uterine contractions.
17. Need of the Drug
That can cure pain and spasm in colic and
dysmenorrhea cases
20. Pharmacology
Mefenamic acid:
analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties
inhibits the enzymes of prostaglandin synthetase and also
antagonizes the actions of prostaglandin at the receptor
sites
dual mode of action of Mefenamic acid offers significant
advantages over other NSAIDs which merely inhibit
prostaglandin synthesis
These effects may also be responsible for its effectiveness
in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea
21. Dicyclomine
Dicyclomine is an anticholinergic. It is a competitive antagonist
at muscuranic cholinergic neurons.
Reduces the effect of acetylcholine, a chemical released from
nerves that stimulates muscles, by blocking the receptors for
acetylcholine on smooth muscle
Direct relaxing effect on smooth muscle
Prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract in
the irritable bowel syndrome
Relaxes the muscle and prevents spasms from occurring.
Slightly reduce the production of stomach acid.
22. Pharmacology
Blocks action of Ach
Inhibits parasympathetic actions
Relaxes smooth muscles of GIT, Biliary tract,
Urinary Tract, Uterus
Synergy of Mefenamic acid and
Dicyclomine -
Mefenamic acid erases pain and Dicyclomine
decreases spasm.
23. MOA
It also act as an antagonist at
prostaglandin receptor sites. It
has analgesic and antipyretic
properties with minor anti-
inflammatory activity
Mefenamic acid inhibits the
enzymes coyclooxygenase
(COX-1) (COX-2) and reduce
the formation of prostaglandin.
Thus helps in relives the pain
Mefenamic Acid
24. PHARMACOLOGY
MEFENAMIC ACID DICYCLOMINE
It is analgesic, anti inflammatory and
anti pyretic property.
It is anti cholinergic in property
It inhibits the enzymes and
antagonizes the action of
prostaglandin
It decreases the effect of acetylcholine
by blocking the receptors on smooth
muscles
Dual mechanism of action offer
advantages over NSAID
Direct relaxing effect on smooth
muscles prevents spasm of IBS
This effect may responsible for
treatment of DYSMENORRHOEA
It relaxes the muscles and prevent
spasm from occurring thus decreases
the production of stomach acid.
Synergy of both Mefenamic acid and Dicyclomine help in erase the PAIN and
decreases the SPASM
Editor's Notes
The lunar cycle is based on the cycle of the moon typically being 28 days. 28 Days equals one month But in reality a month can be 28,29, 30, or 31 day.
Synergy of both Mefenamic acid and Dicyclomine help in erase the PAIN and decreases the SPASM.
