2. Types of computer
Type of
computer
Digital Analog Hybrid
computer computer Computer
Micro Main Frame Super Mini
Computer Computer Computer Computer
Handheld Dumb
Desktop PC Laptops Devices Terminal
Intelligent
Terminal

3. Analog computer
Analog computer measures and answer the questions by
the method of “HOW MUCH”. The input data is not
a number infect a physical quantity like
temperature, pressure, speed, velocity.
An analog computer is a form of computer that uses
the continuously-changeable aspects of physical
phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or
hydraulic quantities to model the problem being
solved.

4. Analog computer
i. Signals are
continuous of (0 to
10 V)
ii. Accuracy 1%
Approximately
iii. High speed
iv. Output is continuous
v. Time is wasted in
transmission time

5. Digital Computers
Digital computer counts and answer the questions by
the method of “HOW Many”. The input data is
represented by a number. These are used for the
logical and arithmetic operations.
 Signals are two level of (0 V or 5 V)
 Accuracy unlimited
 low speed sequential as well as parallel processing
 Output is continuous but obtain when computation is
completed.

6. Hybrid Computer
• Hybrid computers are computers that exhibit
features of analog computers and digital
computers.
• The digital component normally serves as the
controller and provides logical operations, while
the analog component normally serves as a solver
of differential equations.
• Some old hybrid computer system was HRS-
100, ХРС-100, GVS-100.

7. Types of Digital Computer
• Micro Computer
• Mini Computer
• Mainframe
• Super Computer

8. Micro Computer
 Micro computer are the smallest
computer system. There size range
from calculator to desktop size. Its
CPU is microprocessor. It also
known as Grand child Computer.
 Application : - personal
computer, Multi user system, offices.

9. Micro Computer
 They brought revolution in the history of computers.
 They are cheap and user friendly.
 They are having limited peripherals attached to them.
 They are used as desktops either in offices or even
homes.
 Most popular micro computer’s processing chip
manufacturing company is Intel.
 Examples are : Desktop PC, Laptop, Handheld
devices.

10. Desktop PC
• A desktop PC is the most popular model
of PCs
• It is widely used in homes and offices.
• There are various Components of
Desktop PC like
Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer, Rand
om Access Memory, Scanner, Hard Disk.

11. Laptops
• Laptops are Small microcomputers that can
easily fit inside a brief case.
• Laptops are very useful ,When going on
long journeys.
• Memory and Storage capacity of a laptop
like a desktop.
• Laptops are more expensive than desktop
computer.

12. Handheld Devices
• Handheld Devices are small in size (Small
Screen, small Keyboard).
• Handheld devices are Personal digital
assistants(PDA) ,cellular phone.
• PDA offer a collection of application software
for word Processing, spread sheets, games.
• Cellular phone provide the telephone capability.

13. Mainframe Computers
Mainframe computers are those computers that
offer faster processing and greater storage
area.
• Application – Host computer, Central data
base server.
• They are big computer systems sensitive to
temperature, humidity, dust etc.
• Qualified & trained operators are required to
operate them.

14. Mainframe Computer
• They have wide range of peripherals attached.
• They have large storage capacity.
• They can use wide variety of software.
• They are not user friendly.
• They can be used for more mathematical
calculations.
• They are installed in large commercial places or
government organizations like banks, airline and
university e.g. IBM S/390.

15. Dumb Terminal and Intelligent Terminals
• Dumb Terminals consist only monitor and a
keyboard.
• They do not have their own CPU and memory
and use mainframe system’s CPU and
storage devices.
• Intelligent Terminal have their own
processor and can perform some processing
operations.
• They do not have their own storage space.

16. Mini Computer
These are also small general purpose system.
They are generally more powerful and more
useful as compared to micro computer. Mini
computer are also known as mid range
computer or Child computer.
• Application :- Departmental systems, Network
Servers, work group system.

17. Mini Computer
 Minicomputers fall in the range between
Mainframes and Microcomputers
 They have less memory & storage capacity than
mainframe computers.
 They offer limited range of peripherals.
 Limited range of software can be used by them.
 The end users can directly operate it.
 They are not very sensitive to the external
environment and hence are more generalized.
 They are used for data processing.

18. Super Computer
• Super computer are those computer which are
designed for scientific job like whether forecasting
and artificial intelligence etc. They are fastest and
expensive. A super computer contains a number of
CPU which operate in parallel to make it faster. It
also known as grand father computer.
• Application – weather forecasting, weapons research
and development, Online Banking, controlling
industrial units.

19. Super Computer
 They are huge computers installed in space
centers, nuclear power stations etc.
 They are used for performing complex
mathematical calculations.
 Only scientists and mathematicians can operate
them.
 They are having huge memories & tremendous
processing speed.
 They are used for weather forecasting, animation
graphics etc.

20. Super computer

21. EKA (Supercomputer)
• EKA is a supercomputer built by the
Computational Research Laboratories (a
subsidiary of Tata Sons) with technical assistance
and hardware provided by Hewlett-Packard.
• Eka means the number One in Sanskrit.
• It was built within a short period of 6 weeks.
• At the time of its debut, it was the 4th fastest
supercomputer in the world and the fastest in
Asia.

22. Why does India need Super Computer?
• Supercomputers were considered a double edged weapon
capable of assisting in the development of nuclear
weapons.
• Cray supercomputers denied to give the supercomputer
technology to India as a result of a technology embargo.
• Technology embargo is the partial or complete prohibition
of commerce and trade with a particular country, in order to
isolate the country from that technology .
• Embargoes are considered strong diplomatic measures
imposed in an effort, by US to India's government.

23. • For the purpose of achieving self sufficiency in
the field, the Centre for Development of
Advanced Computing (C-DAC) was set up in
1988 by the Department of Electronics with
Dr. Vijay Bhatkar as its Director.
• The project was given an initial run of 3 years
and an initial funding of 30 Crore INR.
Because the same amount of money and time
was usually expended to purchase a
supercomputer from the US. In 1990, a
prototype was produced and it surpassed most
other systems, placing India second after US.

24. Indian Supercomputer by CDAC
• PARAM 8000
• PARAM 8600
• PARAM 9900/SS
• PARAM 10000
• PARAM Padma
• PARAM Yuva

25. Param Supercomputer presence in
Internationally

26. World’s Fastest Supercomputer
• As of June 2012, IBM Sequoia is the fastest in
the world.
• Sequoia will be used primarily for nuclear
weapons simulation, replacing the current Blue
Gene/L and ASC Purple supercomputers.
• Sequoia will also be available for scientific
purposes such as energy, study of the human
genome, and climate change.
• The entire supercomputer runs on Linux, with
Compute Node Linux running on over 98,000
nodes.

27. Applications of Computer
• Word Processing
• Internet (large information, Email, Chat
software(facebook, Gtalk))
• Digital Video Composition
• Sports (Action Replay)
• Music ,Movie
• Hospitals (check blood pressure, monitor
pulse rate,ECG)

28. • Weather Forecasting (detect the
Air,pressure,humidity)
• Education (PowerPoint Presentation)
• Online Banking (Internet Banking,ATM)
• Robots
• Games