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Football Footsteps
Half Hour
A Comprehensive Guide to Competitive Football
By J. Zvirikuzhe
By J Zvirikuzhe

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Contents Page
Author’s Carrier Page…………………………………………………………………… i
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………….ii
Passing Techniques…………………………………………………………………….… 1
Techniques for Receiving a Ball……………………………………………………..........5
The Ultimate Guide to Soccer Dribbling Moves…………………………………….........7
Trapping the Ball Techniques Explained………………………………………………… 9
Shooting Skills You Must Have in Your Arsenal !............................................................. 10
Learn to Control a Soccer Ball with Ease………………………………………………...12
How to Perform a Sliding Tackle? ..................................................................................... 14
How to Dominate Your Soccer Game in the Air? .............................................................15
Introduction to Formations……………………………………….…………………….... 19
Offensive Game Plan: The 4-3-3 Formation ……………………………………………..23
Choosing a Formation in Soccer …………………………………………………………30
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Name: Jacob Zvirikuzhe
Carrier in Junior/School League
Centenary High School 2005-2008
Position: Defender
Rank: Captain (2008-2009)
Carrier in Competitive League
Quick Turn( August 2006-December 2010)
League Status: Second Division 2006-2009
First Division 2010
Position: Defender/Midfielder
Rank: Captain
Carrier in Minor League
1. Club: Angry Buffalos Football Club
Position: Defender
Rank: Captain (2012)
2. Club: Hot Movers
Position: Defender/Attacking midfielder
Rank: Captain, Vice Captain (2013)
3. Football Administration Experience
Hot movers (Assistant Coach)
Professional Qualifications
FIFA Level 2 Coaching Certificate(2011)
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Master These Passing Techniques and
Start Dominating Your Games, Today!
Mastering the art of passing is a must if you want to perform well as a soccer player.
Without good passing skills your time on the field will be short.
Passing is so simple but still so difficult. It may look simple when professional players find
each other with long and precise passes, but these players have spent thousands of hours
on a soccer field practicing passing.
Playing Simple
You should always try to pass the ball simple. With simple I mean that passing the ball to a
nearby standing teammate should always be your first option. Make sure that you don't
pass the ball if they are marked by an opponent.
Of course you will get credit from teammates when you find them with 40 yard passes, but
always try to pass the ball to your nearest teammate.
Stay Focused and Calm
Providing your teammates with quality passing, especially when you are under pressure, is
also a moment where you need to be calm and try to find an easy solution.
In order to become good at passing, you also need to become familiar with the different
type of passes, and the various ways in which they are used...
Push Pass
In soccer, the most frequently used pass is the push
pass. This pass is easy to learn and you will know how
to perform a push pass correctly just after few training
sessions, but to master it you will need to practice a lot
more.
Wall Pass
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The wall pass, also known as the give and go and one
two pass, is a tactic that many sports use. In fact, the
wall pass is the most basic one of all offensive tactics
but is still very effective when used in the right
situations.
Chip Pass
The chip pass is performed by a jabbing motion down
and under the ball to get it up into the air. With a chip
pass the ball will get a backspin which will slow down
the speed of the ball when it lands on the ground.
Backward Pass
The backward pass in soccer is very efficient when you
have the opponent's goal behind you. This type of pass
is performed by kicking the ball with the heel or the
sole of your kicking foot.
Passing into Space
Passing into space is used frequently when the game is
played at high speed. The player without the ball must
provide a passing option for the ball holder by running
into space. If you are the ball carrier, you must look
around you and keep an eye on movement and runs by
your teammates.
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Techniques for Receiving a Ball
Receiving the ball is not as complicated as you may think. After a few practice sessions you
will have pretty solid receiving skills.
Yet things can get difficult very quickly - what happens when you have an opponent at your
back who is doing everything he can to clear the ball away from you? That's tough,
wouldn't you agree?
The reason for why it is harder to receive the ball while being under pressure is that your
brain needs to concentrate on two things at the same time.
Besides watching out for where your opponent is you need also to put the ball under
control and do something useful with it.
Study Professional Soccer Players
So, how can you increase your receiving skills? You can start by studying professional
soccer players either on TV or LIVE.
You should not study a fullback if you are playing as forward. It will improve your game in
offense but it will surely not improve your abilities in defense.
While studying your favorite players, watch for how they move. Start by looking what he is
doing before and after receiving the ball (shooting, passing, dribbling etc?).
Second thing you can do is to practice more. If you feel that receiving is something difficult
try to practice longer and harder.
While performing receiving drills on your regular practice, your focus on them should be
100%. Plus, you must have confidence in what you are doing as well!
Don't walk around and talk with your teammates during your practice. You will not only
lose focus on the drill but your coach may get angry and send you off the field.
Third way to improve you receiving skills is to practice alone. The only thing you will need
is a ball, a piece of ground and a wall.
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Using a Wall For Practice
Many great soccer players have gain their tremendous receiving skills by kicking the ball
against a wall.
This is a great drill and the wall will never complain and you will be able to practice on
different methods of receiving (chest, inside of the foot, outside of the foot etc).
Keep in mind that you will not become a good soccer player overnight. You need to
practice, practice and practice again.
If someone told you that you can become a good soccer player without practicing then that
person is a liar.
Always try to perform better and don't be satisfied if you have been voted as the player of
the match. Try instead to be that player next game as well.
Now, let me present few receiving methods that you will use during your games...
Inside is The Most Basic Technique
This is the most frequently used tecunique
for receiving. While it is a pretty basic skill,
you'll need to spend many hours before
mastering it completely. One of the best
methods for learning this technique is to
kick the ball against a wall and then try to
receive it by using the inside.
Use Instep When You Are Not Under
Pressure
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This part of your foot is usually effective
when a ball is dropping and you have time
to gain control over it without pressure
from opponents. You may also use the
instep part when trying to steal the ball
back from your opponent with a slide
tackle.
Use Your Thigh When The Opponent is Marking You
This part of your body is very effective for
controlling the ball when you have an
opponent behind you. The part of the thigh
that you will use to control the ball can be
marked just about the bottom of your
shorts.
Cushion The Ball on Your Chest
This is the largest area of your body. It may
hurt a little while practicing on your chest
control especially if the ball is hard. To avoid
this you should try to be relaxed and let the
ball cushion on your chest just like landing on
a pillow. This method of controlling the ball is
especially useful in situations with little space
and many opponents around you.
The Ultimate Guide to Soccer Dribbling
Moves
"A soccer move is a term that includes feints, footwork, dribbling and turning with a soccer ball"
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First thing that you will notice when starting to practice on your moves is that some of
these moves will be a piece of cake to learn while others will seem to take a lifetime to
master.
This is pretty common and nothing to be worried about, especially if you have recently
started to learn how to play soccer.
You may even get frustrated if you notice that your other teammates are learning the
moves faster than you. Don't let that affect you.
Instead, encourage yourself to practice even harder because it is the only way. But if you
really want to know why your teammates seem to be born with some particular moves,
keep on reading.
Are My Teammates Better?
Your teammates are not better on soccer than you just because they know how to perform
some cool soccer moves just after a few tries.
Instead, some people need a very short time to learn things, and this is not just because
they are smarter than others, they simply have a natural born talent for something.
But just because you don't have a natural born talent (e.g brazil players) for soccer doesn't
mean that you should give up directly.
Talent is just something that will help you on the way, but without real hard work you will
never become a good soccer player.
Style or Not to Style?
One thing to keep in mind is that you should not learn a specific soccer move just because
you want to style for your friends and others. Instead, you should only learn a move if you
can perform it during a soccer game.
Many players seem to forget this and spend many hours practicing on soccer moves that
they will never use during a soccer game.
I can agree that styling for others is exciting, I mean when people are standing there and
whispering "WOW", you will feel like the worlds greatest soccer player.
But, instead of practicing on some moves that you will never use in a regular game, try to
use your time instead on something more valuable like practicing on your push pass or
shooting skills.
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Where to Get Inspiration?
The best way to get inspiration for different soccer moves is to watch all kind of soccer
both live and on TV. Bring a notebook and write down what these players are doing when
performing a move.
Instead, study how they move and apply that to your own style of play, but don't try to copy
their way of playing, it is impossible, believe me!
If it was possible every soccer player on the earth would have same skills as Cristiano
Ronaldo or Ronaldinho :-)
When to Practice?
Do not practice on your soccer moves during a regular soccer match. Before you decide to
try a move in soccer games you need to master it properly.
My advice to you is to first start to practice on your backyard or similar where no one will
disturb you. When you feel that you have enough skill to perform this move against an
opponent, try it out on training.
You need some opponents to try your awesome moves on and the best ones are your
teammates.
When you can get around your teammates with your new learned moves you are ready for
the last step which is trying them out in a real soccer game.
What if You Fail?
First time you perform a move in a real soccer game, you may fail but don't let that
discourage you. Instead, learn from your mistakes, and wait for another chance and try out
your move again.
With another chance I don't mean that you should try out your moves every time you
receive the ball. You need to remember that soccer is not a one man game.
Beside you, there are 10 more players that really love to play with the ball and you must
consider that before trying out your new learned moves.
My advice is to pass the ball 3-4 times after a failure and then try out the same move again.
Remember, to become a better soccer player you cannot be afraid of failure.
Trapping the Ball Techniques Explained
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Trapping the ball is an important skill you need to master as soccer player. It doesn't
matter if it is a pass from a teammate, a clearance from the goalkeeper or a 40 yard cross
pass, maintaining the possession of ball is crucial.
The difference between professional and amateur soccer is the quality of the first touch.
Trapping the ball in 3 steps
1. Your foot should be 2-3 inches off the ground.
2. You toes should point up.
3. Now use the sole of your foot to stop the ball.
Here is how to trap a ball that is bouncing
1. Try to figure out where the ball will bounce.
2. Move yourself to that spot.
3. Now, turn the foot sideways.
4. Lift your foot slowly off the ground.
5. Directly after the ball hits the ground use your instep to touch it.
6. The backspin of the ball should roll it toward you.
Keep in mind that figuring out where the ball will land or bounce takes some time to
master especially if you are new to soccer.
The most important thing with trapping is to gain control over the ball. You don’t need to
make it look pretty every time.
Tips
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Arial spin balls can make ball trapping pretty complicated. When a ball is spinning toward
you, it should be trapped by moving your foot gently backward. A ball with backward spin
should be trapped by using only the upper of your foot.
A side spin should be sandwiched between your foot and the ground when it is possible of
course. It can also be flicked upward to your thigh height which will should neutralize spin
on the ball.
Keep in mind to let your foot move back with the ball as the ball hit your foot. You should
not lock your foot. If you do so, the ball will just bounce off just like hitting a wall.
Have your body relaxed and don’t be scare to fail.
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Remember this: You may have great talent but without hard practice you will never
become a good soccer player. So what are you waiting for? Get out there and start to
practice :-)
Shooting Skills You Must Have in Your
Arsenal!
With shooting mastered, you will be able to score more goals, but what you may have
missed is the fact that shooting is not just about power.
If you want to master the art of shooting you will also need good precision and be able to decide
when to fire a well placed shoot. This will be the key points for how many goals you will score.
Good scoring ability is also important because it may increase your chances of becoming
professional. But don't get me wrong, just because you are good at scoring doesn't mean
that you will become professional!
Instead, you must work hard to improve your weak sides, because no soccer player in the
world is perfect, and I don't think he/she will ever exist. Now, let's check out the different
shooting methods...
Instep Drive or The Knuckle Shot
The instep drive is a very useful shooting technique
when you want to strike the ball with power from long
range. However, this type of shot is very hard to control
which means that you should not be surprised if the
ball ends up 20-30 yards behind the goal.
Swerve Shot
A goalkeeper's
worst nightmare is
type of shot will
save it requires a lot
how to perform a
and not many
perform it in high
practice on it and
failure is the key to
Full Volley
By J Zvirikuzhe
known as the swerve shot. This
swerve once you fire it and to
of effort. However, learning learn
swerving shot is really difficult
players in the world are able to
tempo. However, you should still
try it out in real games because
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A full volley can create a powerful shoot which can be
impossible to save (if you get it on the goal of course).
The most difficult thing with a full volley is to get your
shot on the goal). You really need to strike the ball
perfectly and in right moment. If you fail to do so, the
ball will often end 20 yards behind the goal. This type
of shot is ideal when you have several opponents
running towards you while the ball is falling from the
sky. A common situation is when the ball is cleared
away from a corner kick and you are standing about 510 yards from the penalty box line.
Half Volley
A half volley is pretty similar to the full volley except
that you will first get control on the ball and then fire
the shot. This is also why a half volley is a better
alternative for long range shoots because you will be
able to receive, aim and fire the shot while the
opponents are unprepared. However, keep in mind that
beating the keeper with a 30 yard shoot really requires
a lot of skill. But, I've seen people score goals from 70
yard with the half volley so it is not impossible. Like
with any other soccer shot you should not overdo it.
Instead, try it twice but not more than three times per game.
Side Volley
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A side volley is great when you have the ball bouncing
at your side. A side volley requires good balance and
great precise timing which means that you need to play
it properly before striking the ball. The most difficult
thing with a side volley is to get the ball on the goal. It
may look easy but often you will either totally miss the
ball or send it 30 yards behind your opponent's goal.
Flying Volley
The flying volley is not something you will see every
day. This is a type of shoot that requires great acrobatic
abilities and timing. The most difficult thing with a
flying volley is that you need to jump in the right
moment. It is also crucial to know how to land because
if the ground is hard it will hurt, believe me; I know
what I am talking about :-) There is also a risk that you
could hit your opponents head instead of the ball. So,
be cautious and make sure to plan your jumps.
Learn to Control a Soccer Ball With Ease
To improve your ball control you will need to understand that practice is the way to
success. This might be a bit unclear at first, so let me provide a real world example for you.
When you started to learn how to write you felt that every sentence took a day to complete.
However, after a year of practice you even managed to write a short story about your
summer trip. Today, after several years of practice you are able to write a sentence in only
few seconds.
The point with this example is to make your realize that the more effort you put in
something, the better results you will get. You can't expect to have great control if you don't
practice.
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To help you out I have created this guide to give you ideas on how to improve your ball
control. The next section is all about the most common used soccer techniques for ball
control.
Inside
If you are new to soccer you should try to use the
inside part of your foot as often you can. It will be
easier for you to set up the ball then if you were using
any other parts of your foot. It might seem awkward at
first, but the technique will feel more natural as time
passes.
Outside
The outside is the most frequently used part for
controlling a ball in soccer. The reason is pretty
obvious, it is impossible to achieve the same speed
with any other parts of your foot. Keep in mind that
you can squeeze the ball to the outside of your body
with very little effort or need for foot readjustment.
This is achieved with a smooth movement which can
also disguise your intention to an opponent. This is the
part you should use when you want to achieve
maximum speed on the soccer field.
Sole
The sole is very useful for controlling the ball when you
are facing the opponents goal with your back with
minimum space available but also when you are
performing some particular soccer moves (e.g. 360 or
Ferenc Puskas)..
Summary
These are just a few ways to control the ball during a
soccer game. It might sound straightforward, but you really do need to make sure that you
practice as much as possible.
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How to Perform a Sliding Tackle?
A slide tackle is very powerful while playing in defense. When executed properly and timed
with precision, the sliding tackle will stop any opponent from getting around you.
This tackle will also look pretty cool on the soccer field. However, you need to keep in mind
that this one is a last-ditch tackle.
Make sure to use it sparingly! If you execute it too often, it may result in a yellow or red
card.
Here is How to Perform a Slide Tackle:
1. The first thing you need to do is to decide whether you will try to clear the ball or try to
regain possession of the ball.
2. Now, slide on either the left or right side of your body. It doesn't matter actually which
side you are sliding on as long as you perform the tackle properly.
3.Lead with either left or right leg. If you are executing the slide tackle using your left side,
then you should lead with using your right leg and vice versa.
4.Extend your foot toward the ball while keeping your left or right (depends on which foot
you lead with) leg bent approximately 90 degrees.
5.Try to kick the ball first without hitting your opponent. If you don't manage to hit the ball
first you will surely be punished with a foul.
6. While sliding, you have 2 options, either knocking the ball out of play or trying to tap it
gently to regain possession of it.
7.Use your left arm and leg (or your right arm and leg) and rise quickly from the ground to
regain balance.
Tips
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It is easier to execute a slide tackle on wet surface then on hard surface.
Slide tackling is also dangerous for your own well-being. If you don't know what you
are doing you may injure yourself seriously (in worst case, you could break your
own leg).
Don't show you opponent that you are preparing for a slide tackle as he or she may
realize that and fool you easily.
Never tackle your opponent from behind while he is trying to gain control on the
ball!
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
Keep in mind that tackling may take some time and you may also receive few yellow
cards on the way. However, when you master it, you will be able to perform slide
tackles at any time.
How to Dominate Your Soccer Game in The
Air?
Heading is vital for dominating the game in air. Having good heading ability will help you
dominate in the front of both six yard boxes. You will also be able to score more often at the
corner kicks.
With your heading skills your team can use the long ball tactic and completely bombard
your opponents with long passes towards their penalty area.
As with every other soccer skill, learning how to head a ball properly may take you some
time to learn.
Remember to keep your focus on improving your heading skills every practice.
If you do that, you will soon notice some great results in your heading skills. Now, let's take
a look at the different methods for heading a soccer ball.
The Flick Header is Ideal for Passing and Scoring
The flick header gives you the opportunity
to play the ball in any direction off your
head.
This technique is usually used in front of
the near post when the ball is crossed from
the wing.
This method of heading makes it very
difficult for the soccer goalie to grip the
ball.
Diving Without Risking Your Life!
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During a diving header you must propel
your body in the path of the ball.
Your arms must also be stretched forward
to protect you when landing on the ground.
Many soccer players find this type of
header very difficult to master.
If you have a problem with performing this
technique, try to practice the dive without ball.
Glancing Header is Easier Than You Think!
When performing a glancing header you
need to turn your head in the direction of
your aim.
This motion will redirect the oncoming
ball. The glancing header provides
versatility in the air.
This method of heading is especially
important in front of the goal when you
want to direct the ball past the opposing goalkeeper but also on the field for passing the
ball to your teammates.
Standard (Defensive) Header is Ideal for All Situations!
When performing a standard or defensive
header you need to hit the ball with power.
This is done by arching your back and
swinging your head forward. You must also
keep your shoulders leveled and
perpendicular to your aim.
The standard or defensive header is ideal
for soccer beginners.
Jumping Header is a Skill You Must Learn!
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A jumping header is ideal for scoring
during a corner kick but it requires you to
jump at the right moment.
Jumping to early or too late will result in a
poor header!
This skill is crucial to learn no matter
which position you are playing at!
Summary
All of these header techniques definitely have their place in the world of soccer. When
you're just starting out, you must want to learn every last one all at once.
This is only going to make you overwhelmed and increase your risk of injury. You are going
to need to practice as much as possible in order to really become a better soccer player.
It's easy to feel discouraged and want to give up, but that's really not something that you
want to do. Be sure that you give yourself enough time to honestly learn what's going on in
a deeper level.
That is the real difference between "here and there" soccer players, and players that really
understand what it means to play soccer well!
Introduction to Formations
The 4-5-1 Formation
This formation has been favored by European teams for years.
It is often employed when coaches want a safety-first approach from their sides, and
observers can regularly witness the formation being used in Champions League matches.
Opting to pack the midfield with bodies means more defensive solidity.
Striker in the 4-5-1 Formation
With only one player up top, there is much burden on this striker to perform.
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It is crucial that he holds the ball up and brings others into play. Didier Drogba is an
excellent example of a player with the strength and awareness to shoulder the burden of a
lone striker.
Pace is also an advantage as the striker will be asked to run on to balls from the midfield.
Target men with good control, heading ability and upper body strength like Drogba can
flourish in this position.
Playing against an entire defense alone can take it out of a player so it is important that he
is fully fit when taking to the field.
Midfielders in the 4-5-1 Formation
It is crucial that if a team has attacking intent, the midfielders go forward at regular
intervals to support the striker.
As is the case with most formations, one defensive midfielder will sit back and screen the
back four. This player is charged with breaking up opposition attacks, and when the team is
on the back foot, acting as an extra member of the defense. But the two around him should
be looking to attack as well as defend.
A more attacking five-man midfield can be difficult for opponents to deal with as it is hard
to pick up advancing midfielders who are making late runs into the box, or passing the ball
between them to make space.
Wingers in the 4-5-1 Formation
While at least one of the central midfielders will be instructed to go forward regularly, this
is also the case with the team's wingers. Indeed, if a team is setting out to attack, the
formation can look more like a 4-3-3, with the two wingers playing more advanced roles as
they look to support the front man, and get into goal scoring positions by cutting in.
The orthodox winger's job is to run the line and look to get crosses into the box, but for
these to be effective, midfielders must advance into the penalty area.
A winger must still be mindful of his defensive responsibilities, with more and more teams
fielding marauding full-backs.
Full-backs in the 4-5-1 Formation
There is more onus than ever before in world soccer on the full-backs to attack, and this
still applies in the 4-5-1 formation. How much they go forward is dependent on how
attacking a team's outlook may be.
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The primary role of the fullback is to defend against wingers and opposition full-backs,
while helping out the central defenders.
Central Defenders in the 4-5-1 Formation
Whatever the formation, the job of the central defenders remains largely unaffected.
Center-backs are charged with heading the ball away, tackling and blocking. While they are
generally free to go up for set-pieces in the hope of heading in a cross or a corner, their
primary role is to stop the opposition strikers and midfielders.
The two central defenders can mark zonally (zonal marking) or take on man-to-man
marking roles depending on a coach's instructions.
Common Defensive Soccer Formations
In soccer, a team will employ one of three types of formations: Offensive, Balanced, or
Defensive. Though a team can use more than one formation throughout a game, usually a
team will choose one specific formation as its base formation.
Using a Defensive-minded Soccer Formation
There are many reasons that a team will rely
primarily on a defense-oriented formation,
including the following:
Individual offensive talent: When a
team has two or three gifted players who can
create scoring chances on their own, they have
the luxury of letting the other players sag back
and come up to help on offense when
necessary.

Porous defense: If a team has let in a few
early season goals, switching to a formation
that clogs the middle of the field in front of the net is a great way to alleviate
pressure on defenders.
Shaky goalkeeping: A team that has yet to decide on its primary goalie may choose
a defensive formation that lets the keeper slowly gain confidence.
A tough opponent: Switching to a defensive alignment isn’t always easy. But
sometimes sending a few players back on defense against a talented offensive team
can help keep snuff out offensive chances and quickly cycle the ball upfield.
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At the youth and intermediate levels, defensive formations are designed to clog the field in
front of the net, forcing opponents to find space along the sidelines. This results in
predictable approaches, making it much easier for the defense to adjust on the fly.
The formations outlined below are especially useful when a team is protecting a lead, or
trying to slow a game down against a more talented, faster opponent.
The 4-4-2
The defensive-minded 4-4-2 is the most popular formation in soccer today. It provides a
great defensive framework by allowing the four midfielders to quickly sag back toward the
defenders, eliminating space for opposing offensive players.
The 4-4-2 is most effective when the two wing midfielders are fast and skillful, so that they
can quickly transition between playing defense and offense. This formation also allows one
of the two sweepers in the middle to mark the opposition’s best offensive player, following
him throughout the game to limit his opportunities to score.
Midfield Diamond Formation
Four-on-four drills are a great way to teach the diamond formation. Players must grow
accustomed to re-forming the diamond shape after responding to offensive attacks,
resuming the proper spacing and depth. They also must get comfortable cycling the ball
forward after dispossessing an opponent.
The diamond formation lets one midfielder play forward as an attacking midfielder, while
the other focuses on defense — the resulting formation creates a diamond shape.
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The diamond formation relies on a tough, hard-tackling defensive sweeper to clear
out attacks and get the ball the forward to the attacking midfielder or wing players.
Coaches who use the diamond formation often put their toughest, most durable
players in the two sweeper positions. These players can be great at eliminating
space for the opponent and quickly stifling attacks.
The offensive midfielder should be a gifted passer who is comfortable with the ball
at his feet. He should be able to set up chances for the two strikers up front. The
wing players also have to be fast and fit, able to quickly join a counter-attack.
This formation is a great tactic against teams that tend to move the ball straight downfield
instead of relying on the skill of wing players who look to find space along the sideline.
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The 4-5-1
Teams that are struggling to find a defensive identity may prefer to try the stifling 4-5-1
formation. This alignment clogs the middle of the field and keeps players focused on getting
back on defense. It also emphasizes trapping, and discourages long offensive passes
downfield by giving your team a numbers advantage everywhere on the defensive side.
The 4-5-1 encourages cycling the ball along the outside, where speedy wing midfielders can
take advantage of slower players on the outside. Having five midfielders naturally forces
the wing players closer to the sideline, where they can outrun defenders and find quick
counter-strikes.
The 4-5-1 can quickly become a 4-3-3 by directing the wing midfielders to move forward.
This is helpful when a team falls behind or needs more offense during a game. For this
reason, it is a great formation for younger teams.
The 4-1-4-1
A unique variation of the 4-5-1, this formation relies on a solid defensive midfielder who is
both an aggressive tackler and skillful enough to initiate offensive attacks by finding open
men along the wing. A speedy striker up front who can find space in opposing defenses, and
is a talented finisher, is also crucial to the success of the 4-1-4-1.
For these reasons and because it emphasizes clogging the middle of field, the 4-1-4-1 is a
great defensive formation for teams with players of varying skill levels. Four midfielders
can hide players who are struggling to learn the game, while emphasizing the talents of a
few skillful players up the middle.
The 5-3-2
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Using a five-man backline has become a
popular tactic in recent years. It has three
central defenders freelance in the middle of
the defense, eliminating space and quickly
closing on the man with the ball. Coaches who
favor a five-man backline do so because it
takes away the time and space needed to set
up scoring chances.
along the sideline.
The 5-3-2 is also flexible, in that it allows the
two wing defenders to move forward after
getting rid of the ball and clearing the zone. As
in other defensive formations, the wing
players should be fast enough to recover
quickly. However, they must also be tough and
aggressive defenders to discourage forays
Choosing the Right Formation
The right formation for your team depends on the talents of the players on the field and the
game conditions. However, regardless of talent level, a team that begins each game with
one of these formations as their base should have success snuffing out attacks and cycling
the ball forward.
The 4-2-3-1 Formation
A look at the 4-2-3-1 formation and how it
is implemented
The 4-2-3-1 formation came to prominence in Spain in the 1990s and early 2000s and is
now used by many teams throughout the world.
The two players in front of the back-four, known as the ‘double pivot’ (double pivot) in
Spain, give support to the defense, with one player breaking up opposition attacks, and the
other putting more emphasis on distributing the ball to the attacking players.
The formation should ensure teams are not out-numbered in midfield, and with so many
advanced players, there is great flexibility.
Striker in the 4-2-3-1 Formation
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In this formation, the striker should not lack support as he has three players whose job it is
to supply him with ammunition. If the players behind the main striker are of genuine
quality, the formation can be a dream for a striker as he should receive plenty of balls into
the penalty area.
The 4-2-3-1 formation can accommodate a big target man who can hold the ball up and lay
it off for the oncoming midfielders, or a more nimble striker capable of running on to balls
and finishing chances.
It is important that the front-man is a strong physical specimen as, despite the support
from midfield, he will need to hold off defenders as he looks to carve out chances for
himself or teammates.
Attacking Midfielders in the 4-2-3-1 Formation
The three attacking midfielders can be hard for opposition defenses to pick up, especially if
they interchange and run in from deeper positions.
There is usually one central creative force, playing behind the striker. When Deportivo La
Coruna and Valencia won Spanish League titles in the first half of the last decade under
Javier Irureta and Rafael Benitez respectively, Juan Valeron (Deportivo) and Pablo Aimar
(Valencia) both featured behind the striker, their subtle skills creating havoc in opposition
defenses.
To either side of the playmaker, there are two wider players whose job it is to create
chances from the flanks as well as cutting in.
There is also an onus on these three players to help out defensively, particularly those
playing in the wide roles. When on the back foot, these players should be helping their fullbacks, and the formation will look more like a 4-4-2 or 4-4-1-1.
Defensive Midfielders in the 4-2-3-1 Formation
It is imperative that the two players have positional sense in order to protect the back four
properly. One of these two is generally more of a tackler, with the other concentrating on
distribution. In that title-winning Valencia team, David Albelda and Ruben Baraja formed
an excellent partnership. Albelda did much of the tackling, while Baraja was more offensive.
The pair complimented eachother superbly.
Xabi Alonso is the perfect example of a player whose job it is to defend, but also to open up
the opposition with his cultured range of passing.
Having two players in front of the back four provides a platform on which the team’s more
attacking players can create chances.
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Full-backs in the 4-2-3-1 Formation
It is the job of full-backs to defend against opposition attackers, particularly wingers. It is
important that they stop the supply line for the striker, so must be strong in the tackle.
Pace is key if they are up against a speedy winger, while they will also be expected to help
defend against opposition set-pieces so good heading ability is also required.
A team's full-backs can also be a major attacking weapon. A full-back with pace, power and
good crossing ability is a real asset on the flank as they can stretch the other team's wide
players and provide ammunition for strikers.
Central Defenders in the 4-2-3-1 Formation
The job of the central defenders is consistent with other formations such as 4-4-2 and 4-51. They are there to repel opposition attacks by tacking, heading and marking players
(employing either zonal or man-marking tactics).
Center-backs can often be seen going up for set-pieces in the hope of heading in a cross or a
corner, but their primary role is to stop the opposition strikers and midfielders.
Strength and concentration are two important attributes when playing in this positio
Offensive Game Plan: The 4-3-3 Formation
A look at the attacking 4-3-3 formation and how it
is implemented
Barcelona's Josep Guardiola has won the Spanish league, cup and Champions League with
the formation
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Barcelona and Arsenal both employ the attacking 4-3-3 formation and are two of the most
attractive teams to watch in world soccer.
The formation works best when a team is going forward and attempting to win a match,
rather than simply trying to contain the opposition.
However, the respective managers of Barcelona and Arsenal, Josep Guardiola and Arsene
Wenger, do their best to ensure there are enough players defending when their teams are
on the back foot.
The attacking 4-3-3 formation is used by many clubs in world soccer, but rarely with such
devastating effect as the two Spanish and English sides. Here we look at how it works from
an attacking standpoint.
The Central Striker
The formation relies on an out-and-out striker to play in the center of the front three,
capable of holding the ball up and bringing the two players on either side of him into the
play. In Barcelona's case this is often David Villa, while Robin van Persie undertakes the
role for Arsenal. Their other main function is to be on the end of chances created.
Wide Attackers
Offensive midfielders on either side of the striker are instructed to use their pace to get at
full-backs and cross the ball in for the central striker and advancing midfielders.
It is important that these wide players have the skill and technique needed to beat
opposing defenders. In Barcelona's Lionel Messi and Arsenal's Andrey Arshavin - we have
two prime exponents of this art.
Often you will see these types of players cut inside and run at the central defenders,
regularly playing quick passing exchanges with teammates before getting into the penalty
area and releasing a shot. Messi, for example, plays on the right of the central striker but
being left-footed he loves to cut inside before shooting or passing. While it is the central
striker's job to score goals, these players are also expected to weigh in.
Defensive Midfielder
The three midfielders perform different defensive and offensive roles. At the centre, often
playing just in front of the four defenders, there is a defensive midfielder whose job it is to
break up opposition attacks before releasing the ball to teammates.
Sergio Busquets or Javier Mascherano perform this role for Barcelona, and it is Alex Song's
responsibility in the Arsenal team. Neither score many goals, but their role in the team
should not be understated as their teammates can attack in the knowledge that they have a
dependable tackling midfielder behind them.
All-Round Midfielders
There are two players flanking the defensive midfielder whose duty it is both to defend and
attack. These "box-to-box" midfielders should be getting into the opposition's penalty area
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regularly with the aim of finishing off the chances created by the wide attacking players. It
is also their job to construct attacking moves once they have received the ball from one of
the four defenders or defensive midfielder.
For these roles to be carried out well, such players need to have superb passing abilities,
like Barcelona's Xavi Hernandez and Arsenal's Jack Wilshere.
Other Responsibilities
Of the six players we have looked at in this 4-3-3 formation, you will see five regularly
going forward, but they must also be mindful of their other responsibilities. A team cannot
always be on the attack, and when you see Arsenal under pressure from the opposition, it is
not uncommon to witness their formation switch to a 4-1-4-1 as the wide midfielders drop
deeper to win the ball back.
Common Offensive Soccer Formations
There are three types of formations to choose
from: Offensive-minded, Balanced, and Defensive
Minded. When determining the best formation
for your soccer team, there are several key
factors to consider. Here are a few such factors:
The players you have in certain key
positions

The overall skill level of your backline

The speed of the forwards and
midfielders in getting back on defense.

For an offensive-minded formation, the key is
finding one that will allow your team to score
with ease. However, the same approach likely
won’t work for multiple teams—which is why
more than one offensive formation exists. Below
are some of the more popular offensive
formations in soccer today.
The 4-4-2
Drastic changes in formation are rarely recommended from game to game. However, a
team that has the flexibility to tweak its formation based on game conditions can take
advantage of match-ups and give itself the best chance to win.
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For youth and intermediate players, the most common soccer formation is the 4-4-2, in
which four players line up as defenders, four as midfielders, and two as forwards. This
formation gives players and coaches the flexibility to move forward into the offensive zone
or sag defensively to provide support. The 4-4-2 provides decent all-around coverage,
without emphasizing too much on either offense or defense.
The 4-3-3
Offensive chances require open space and fast players who can take advantage of it. A team
equipped with a few fast players, and good passers who can find them downfield, will find
success easily in the 4-3-3.
The 4-3-3 is a great formation for getting pressure on the defense without sacrificing the
backline. Here are some of the key facets of using the 4-3-3:



Having a skillful striker who can play in the center of the front and find space in the
defensive zone.
Midfielders regularly and easily getting the ball to the wing players.
Speedy wings who can both use space along the sideline and cycle the ball into the
center of the field.
A solid 4-3-3 must also feature an athletic sweeper; this player should be capable of
running all over the field, and have lots of endurance. He must be willing to be a defensive
midfielder, and join the fray on offense, finding his wing teammates and striker for scoring
chances. And when he’s not doing that, the sweeper should clog up the midfield and spark
counter-attacks by getting the ball out to teammates.
At the youth level, the strength of the 4-3-3 is that it spreads out the offense and unclogs
the middle of the field. Therefore, players must adjust to having teammates near the
sideline, and avoid the tendency to force the ball down the middle of the field.
The 4-2-4
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The rarest and most attack-focused formation
in soccer is the 4-2-4. It is a high-risk,
pressure-heavy formation that relies on
having two skillful midfielders who are
comfortable with the ball at their feet, and
capable of applying quick pressure to slow
down offensive attacks.
The 4-2-4 often employs a diamond-shaped
formation among the four forwards. One
center forward is stationed near the penalty
box, and the other should be in a sweeper
position – ready to sag back and help in the
midfield.
The sweeper must be adept at finding space
between the opponent’s midfielders and
defenders, along with serving as a point man for a quick strike or a pass to a teammate on
the wing. It is helpful if he is a taller player who provides a big target.
The 3-4-3
The 3-4-3 is a great formation to use against an opponent that uses only two forwards.
However, it can be easily exploited against a team that also uses three forwards and has
midfielders who can quickly get the ball up field.
It is an aggressive formation that relies on winning the battles in the midfield and
controlling possession to create offensive opportunities. A central midfielder must be
prepared to drop back to help the defense by pressuring the ball. Like the 4-3-3, this
formation relies on a talented, accurate striker and speedy wing forwards who apply
pressure on a defense.
The 3-5-2
Offensive formations such as these are almost never seen in today’s international game.
Nearly every major club and national side prefers four defenders, leaving a lone striker or
two forwards to wait for support if a quick strike is unavailable.
The 3-5-2 is a safer offensive formation, and can easily be implemented by teams that use
the 4-4-2 as their base formation. It also has the advantage of sending the two wing
midfielders back on defense when the opponent is applying pressure. The 3-5-2 requires
patience, crisp passing, and a willingness to look toward the sideline instead of straight up
the middle.
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The key of the 3-5-2 is winning possession in the center of the field. Clogging the middle
can force a defensive-minded team out of its shell in order to gain possession. This
formation relies on dominating the middle of the field, leading to opportunities for counterattacks to speedy forwards who can sprint along the sidelines and find space in the corners.
The 3-5-2 is also great for triangle-passing between two midfielders and a forward to cycle
the ball downfield. Completing a pass to a forward directs the defense backward, helping
midfielders get into the offensive mix.
The Right Formation for You
To truly understand how an offensive formation works, it must be practiced regularly and
be part of the overall team philosophy in order to help the club win. Choosing the right
offensive formation depends on your team’s personnel, as well as the exploitable
weaknesses of an opponent. It also demands that a team have enough time to practice the
formation so that each player can master his responsibilities on the field. When used
correctly, these offensive formations should help your club find the back of the net.
Understanding the Basics of The 3-4
Eagle Defense
Defensive Formations - The 3-4 Eagle Defense
3-4 Eagle Defensive Formation
The 3-4 Eagle defense evolved from Buddy Ryan's 46 defense and Fritz Shurmur first
unveiled it with the Los Angeles Rams in the early 1980s. The alignment is basically the
same as a normal 3-4, but a linebacker is inserted in the nose tackle's spot, leaving the
formation with just two linemen and five linebackers.
If you take a look at the illustration on the right, you will see a diagram outlining the 3-4
Eagle defense. The Os in the diagram represent offensive players while the Xs represent the
placement of the defensive players.
Notice the lowest row of Xs near the line of scrimmage (imaginary line seperating the
offense and defense). In this formation, you have just two defensive linemen on the field,
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normally defensive tackles (DT). In the middle of the line, where the nose tackle would
normally be, is a linebacker (LB). Two more linebackers line up as ends, outside the
defensive tackles. The last two linebackers line up behind the defensive line.
Two cornerbacks (CB), one on each side of the field, line up to cover the wide receivers.
There are also two safeties. The exact positioning of the defensive backs (cornerbacks and
safeties) depends on the type of pass coverage they are in.
More Defensive Formations
3-4 Defense
Understanding the Basics of the 3-4 Defense
3-4 Defensive Formation
The 3-4 defense is a basic defensive formation that is used by several NFL teams. Bud
Wilkenson devised the alignment at the University of Oklahoma in the late 1940s. The
alignment features three down lineman and four linebackers in the front seven, thus the
name 3-4.
If you take a look at the illustration on the right, you will see a diagram outlining the 3-4
defense. The Os in the diagram represent offensive players while the Xs represent the
placement of the defensive players.
Notice the lowest row of Xs on the line of scrimmage (imaginary line seperating the offense
and defense). You have two defensive ends (DE), one on each end of the line, and one nose
tackle (NT) in between. Right behind the defensive line are four linebackers (LB). At times,
one or more of the linebackers will line up on the line of scrimmage as is shown in the
diagram.
Two cornerbacks (CB), one on each side of the field, line up to cover the wide receivers.
There are also two safeties. The exact positioning of the defensive backs (cornerbacks and
safeties) depends on the type of pass coverage they are in.
The 3-4 defense is a basic defensive formation that is used by several NFL teams. Bud
Wilkenson devised the alignment at the University of Oklahoma in the late 1940s. The
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alignment features three down lineman and four linebackers in the front seven, thus the
name 3-4.
If you take a look at the illustration on the right, you will see a diagram outlining the 3-4
defense. The Os in the diagram represent offensive players while the Xs represent the
placement of the defensive players.
Notice the lowest row of Xs on the line of scrimmage (imaginary line seperating the offense
and defense). You have two defensive ends (DE), one on each end of the line, and one nose
tackle (NT) in between. Right behind the defensive line are four linebackers (LB). At times,
one or more of the linebackers will line up on the line of scrimmage as is shown in the
diagram.
Two cornerbacks (CB), one on each side of the field, line up to cover the wide receivers.
There are also two safeties. The exact positioning of the defensive backs (cornerbacks and
safeties) depends on the type of pass coverage they are in.
More Defensive Formations
Choosing a Formation in Soccer
Formations are the way a soccer team lines up its defense, midfield, and forward line at the
beginning of the match. If you want to get technical, you could produce dozens of
formations due to the mathematical possibilities and new ways coaches are trying to devise
to play the game.
Soccer is a fluid game where a midfielder may become a forward for five or ten minutes
and then return to his original position. Or, likewise, a forward can come back to defend.
When talking about formations, defenders are listed first and then midfielders and forward.
For example, a 4-4-2 formation has four defenders, four midfielders, and two forwards.
Goalkeepers are not counted because they are the one position that has not changed over
the years.
Just remember, the best coaches aren't necessarily ones who devise the best
formations, but rather are the ones who devise the best formation for their team
to accentuate its strengths and to hide its weaknesses.
Youth soccer
In youth soccer, coaches should not introduce tactics until players have truly learned the
game — usually around the age of 14. Players need time to develop, breathe, and have fun.
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For the beginner, soccer starts out nearly the same. All the players run after the ball or the
player with the ball, like bees after honey. Slowly, but surely, they learn to find their own
space and spread out across the field.
The 4-4-2
England used the 4-4-2 formation (see Figure 1) en route to securing its first and only
World Cup title in 1966. A forward is moved into the midfield, putting a lot more pressure
on the two players up front to score goals. Saying that, the 4-4-2 is one of the preferred
formations of today's modern game. The theory in using another player in the midfield is
that it bottles up the opposition in the midfield before they can get to the attacking third.
Figure 1: The 4-4-2 formation.
This formation is a long shot to use consistently and successfully today because most
coaches prefer to use five or even six players in the midfield.
The 4-3-3
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Many North American Soccer League teams used the 4-3-3 formation (see Figure 2) in the
1970s, moving one midfielder up to the forward position. Everything is relative. This
formation, which utilized a sweeper (free safety), was considered more defensive than the
4-2-4. But compared to today's more cautious approach, the 4-3-3 would be considered an
attacking formation in some quarters.
Figure 2: The 4-3-3 formation.
The 4-2-4
The 4-2-4 formation (see Figure 3) is the most offensive-minded in modern times. The
1958 world champions of Brazil, with 17-year-old Pelé, made this strategy famous and
made it work. To take advantage of this formation, you must have talented and skillful
midfielders and forwards to strike early and hold the ball for long periods of time because
the pressure is on the midfield and defense big time when the opposition possesses the
ball.
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Figure 3: The 4-2-4 formation.
The 3-5-2
Today's game is won or lost in the midfield, which is why the 3-5-2 formation (see Figure
4) is popular. A team that doesn't have its midfield operating at peak efficiency suffers in
ball possession and scoring chances. So, many coaches like to use as many as five
midfielders, although two outside midfielders may have more defensive responsibilities
than their mates.
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Figure 4: The 3-5-2 formation.
The 3-6-1
Many German teams use the 3-6-1 formation (see Figure 5) in road games as they try to
clog the opposition up in the midfield, attempting to pull off a tie or a win.
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Figure 5: The 3-6-1 formation.
This strategy may be dangerous. Former U.S. national coach Steve Sampson used this
formation during the 1998 World Cup and failed miserably. After the team used primarily a
4-4-2 formation, Sampson deployed it some two months before France '98, and it backfired,
producing just one goal in three games.
A coach should not change a team's formation drastically during a match,
particularly for young or inexperienced teams who may get confused. If a team is
trailing and trying to tie up the match, taking out a midfielder for a forward works.
If a team is leading, replacing a midfielder with a defender and/or a forward with
a midfielder are also proper tactical moves.
The 4-4-2 is The Most Popular Formation Today
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This is the most used formation in soccer today.
The main strength of the 4-4-2 formation is true
balance. Offensive attacks are combined with
solid defense. The weakness is the two center
players who must be supported by the midfield.
The 4-4-2 is probably the first formation you will
encounter as you start to play regular games.
The 4-3-3 Flat is Synonyn for Total Soccer
A classic formation that was adapted by the
1970's great teams. It was with the 4-3-3 that
West Germany won the World Cup of 1974. This
formation is typical for the total soccer system
that was played by The Netherlands and West
Germany. The mighty F.C Barcelona of Spain has
adapted this formation successfully in their
games!
By J Zvirikuzhe