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1. Chapter 3
Input
1

2. 2
Objectives
Define inputDefine input
Describe keyboardDescribe keyboard
Describe different mouse typesDescribe different mouse types
Explain how a video input worksExplain how a video input works
Discuss various scanners and reading
devices and how they work
Discuss various scanners and reading
devices and how they work
Explain the types of terminalsExplain the types of terminals
Summarize how various pointing
devices work
Summarize how various pointing
devices work
Explain how voice recognition
and audio input works
Explain how voice recognition
and audio input works
Describe various input devices
for mobile devices
Describe various input devices
for mobile devices
Explain the types of terminalsExplain the types of terminals
Summarize the various biometric
devices
Summarize the various biometric
devices

3. 3
Learning Outcome
Successful students will be able to:
Describe the characteristics of computer hardware
devices and explain their functionalities.

4. 4
What Is Input?
What is input?
Input device is any hardware component that
allows users to enter data and instructions
Data or instructions entered into memory of
computer

5. 5
What Is Input?
What are the two types of input?
Unprocessed text, numbers, images,
audio, and video
Instructions
Programs – series of instructions,
Data
Programs – series of instructions,
stored in a file – user can
execute/run
Commands – issued by through k/b
typing, mouse clicking, screen
touching, speaking into
microphone..
User responses – reply to questions
displayed by program

6. 6
The Keyboard
How is the keyboard divided?
Typing area
Numeric keypad
Function keys, special
keys that issue
commandscommands

7. 7

8. 8
The Keyboard
What is the insertion point?
Blinking vertical bar that indicates where next
character you type will display
Pointer changes
location and shape
as you move mouseas you move mouse
or other pointing
device

9. 9

10. 10
The Keyboard
What are other types of keyboards?
Notebook and many
handheld computers
have built-in keyboards
Cordless keyboards communicate
with a receiver attached to a port
on the system unit

11. 11
The Keyboard
What is a cordless keyboard?
Communicate with a
receiver attached to a
port on the system
unit

12. 12

13. 13
Pointing Devices
What is a mouse?
Pointing device that fits under palm of hand
Pointing device controls
movement of pointer, also
called mouse pointer
Mechanical mouse
mouse buttons
wheel
button
Mechanical mouse
has rubber or metal
ball on underside
mouse pad
ball

14. 14
Pointing Devices
What is an optical mouse?
No moving mechanical
parts inside
Senses light to detect
mouse’s movement
More precise thanMore precise than
mechanical mouse
Connects using a
cable, or wireless

15. 15

16. 16
Right-Right-Triple-Triple-Double-Double-
Pointing Devices
What are common mouse operations?
PointPoint
ClickClick
Tilt
wheel
Tilt
wheel
Press
wheel
button
Press
wheel
button
Free-
spin
wheel
Free-
spin
wheel
Right-
drag
Right-
drag
Right-
click
Right-
click
Triple-
click
Triple-
click
Double-
click
Double-
click
ClickClick
DragDrag
Rotate
wheel
Rotate
wheel

17. 17

18. 18
Other Pointing Devices
What is a trackball?
Stationary pointing device
with a ball on its top or side
To move pointer, rotate ball
with thumb, fingers, or palm
of handof hand

19. 19
Optical Mouse
sensor on the
bottom of the
mouse.
Apple has transformed
its optical mouse into
a modern work of art.

20. 20
Optical Mouse
Optical mice have several benefits over track-ball mice:
No moving parts means less wear and a lower chance
of failure.
There's no way for dirt to get inside the mouse and
interfere with the tracking sensors.
Increased tracking resolution means a smootherIncreased tracking resolution means a smoother
response.
They don't require a special surface, such as a mouse
pad.

21. 21
Other Pointing Devices
What are a touchpad and a
pointing stick?
Touchpad is small, flat,
rectangular pointing device
sensitive to pressure and motion
Pointing stick is pointing devicePointing stick is pointing device
shaped like pencil eraser
positioned between keys on
keyboard

22. 22
Controllers for Gaming
What are the types of game controllers?
Gamepad
Joystick
Wheel
Light gun
Dance padDance pad
Motion-sensing
game controller

23. 23
Controllers for Gaming
What are a joystick and a wheel?
Joystick is vertical
lever mounted
on a base
Wheel is
steering-wheel-typesteering-wheel-type
input device
Pedal simulates
car brakes and
accelerator

24. 24
The Nintendo Power Glove used
in virtual reality gaming
A dataA data
suit to
provide
user
input

25. 25
Other Pointing Devices
What is a light pen?
Handheld input device
that can detect light
Press light pen against
screen surface and then
press button on penpress button on pen

26. 26
Other Pointing Devices
What is a touch screen?
Touch areas of screen with
finger
Often used with kiosks

27. 27
Keyboard and Pointing Devices
What is a stylus and a digital pen?
PDAs &
smart phones
uae a stylus
Tablet PCs use a
pressure-sensitive
digital pen

28. 28
Keyboard and Pointing Devices
Stylus:
Looks like a ballpoint pen, but uses pressure to write
text and draw lines
Digital pen:
Slightly larger than a stylusSlightly larger than a stylus
Used with graphics tablets, flat electronic boards
Available in two forms: pressure sensitive & tiny
built-in digital camera

29. 29
Controllers for Media Players
What is a touch-sensitive pad?
Input device on a portable
media player that enables
users to scroll through
and play music, view
pictures, watch videos orpictures, watch videos or
movies, adjust volume,
and customize settings
Click Wheel

30. 30
Keyboard and Pointing Devices
What is a cursor ?
Looks similar to a mouse
Has a window with cross hairs
–So the user can see through to the tablet.
What is a digitizer ?What is a digitizer ?
Large scale applications
sometimes refer to the graphics
tablet as a digitizer.

31. 31
Digitizer

32. 32
Wacom Technology
Wacom Intuos3 Lens
Cursor Pointing
Device
Cursor

33. 33
Voice Input
How does voice recognition work?
Step 2. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) translates
sound waves into digital measurements computer can
process. Measurements include pitch, volume, silences, and
phonemes. Phonemes are sound units such as aw and guh.
10010111010110101100001101
Step 1. A user dictates text into a microphone.
Step 3. Software compares
spoken measurements with those
in its database to find a match or
list of possible matches.
Matches
Step 4. To narrow a list down, software presents user with
a list of choices or uses a natural language component to
predict most likely match. User may correct any selection
made by software.
Natural Language Engine

34. 34
Voice Input
What is a MIDI (musical instrument digital
interface)?
External device, such as electronic piano
keyboard, to input music and sound
effects

35. 35
PDAs, Tablet PCs, and Smart Phones
How is a data
entered into a
PDA?

36. 36
PDAs, Tablet PCs, and Smart Phones
What is a portable keyboard
and a docking station?
A portable keyboard is a full-
sized keyboard you
conveniently attach to and
remove from PDAremove from PDA
A docking station is an external
device that holds a mobile
computer

37. 37

38. 38
PDAs, Tablet PCs, and Smart Phones
What is a smart phone?
Users can input and send
text messages, graphics,
pictures, video clips, and
sound files
Many have a built-in orMany have a built-in or
attachable camera

39. 39
PDAs, Tablet PCs, and Smart Phones
What is a Tablet PC?
Mobile computer that
includes handwriting
recognition software
Primary input device is a
pressure-sensitive digitalpressure-sensitive digital
pen

40. 40

41. 41
Digital Cameras
What is a digital camera?
Allows you to take
digital pictures
Images viewable
immediately on
cameracamera
Download to
computer
Post pictures
to Web

42. 42
Digital Cameras
How does a digital camera work?
Step 1. Point to the image to
photograph and take picture.
Light passes into the lens of the
camera.
Step 2. Image is focused on a
chip called a charge-coupled
device (CCD).
Step 3. CCD generates an analog
signal that represents the image.
Step 4. Analog signal is converted
to digital signal by analog-to-
digital converter (ADC).
Step 5. Digital signal processor
(DSP) adjusts quality of image and(DSP) adjusts quality of image and
usually stores digital image on
miniature mobile storage media in
the camera.
Step 6. Images are transferred to a
computer’s hard disk by plugging one
end of the cable into a camera and the
other end into a computer; or images
are copied to hard disk from storage
media used in the camera.
Step 7. Using software
supplied with the
camera, images are
viewed on screen,
incorporated into
documents, edited, and
printed.

43. 43
Digital Cameras
What is resolution?
Sharpness and clarity of image
The higher the resolution, the better the image
quality, but the more expensive the camera
Pixel (picture element)
is single point inis single point in
electronic image
Greater the number of
pixels, the better the
image quality

44. 44
PIXELS

45. 45
PIXELS

46. 46
PIXELS

47. 47
PIXELS

48. 48
PIXELS

49. 49
PIXELS

50. 50
Video Input
What is video input?
Process of entering full-motion images
into computer
Video capture card is
adapter card that converts
analog video signal intoanalog video signal into
digital signal that
computer can use
Digital video (DV)
camera records video as
digital signals

51. 51
Video Input
What are a PC video camera and a Web cam?
PC video camerac—DV camera used to capture video
and still images, and to make
video telephone calls on Internet
Also called PC camera
Web cam—video cameraWeb camc—c video camera
whose output displays on
a Web page

52. 52
Video Input
What is video conferencing?
Whiteboard is
another window on
Two or more geographically separated people
who use network or Internet to transmit
audio and video data
another window on
screen that can
display notes and
drawings
simultaneously on
all participants’
screens

53. 53
Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a scanner?
Light-sensing device that
reads printed text and
graphics
Used for image processing,
converting paper documents
Pen or
Handheld
Flatbed
converting paper documents
into electronic images
Drum
Sheet-fed

54. 54

55. 55
Scanners and Reading Devices
How does a flatbed
scanner work?
Step 1:
Place the document to be scanned face down
on the glass window. Using buttons on the
scanner or the scanner program, start the
scanning process.
Step 2:
The scanner converts the
document content to digital
information, which is transmitted
through the cable to the
memory of the computer.
Step 3: Once in the memory of the computer,
users can display the image, print it, e-mail it,
include it in a document, or place it on a Web
page.

56. 56
Scanners and Reading Devices
What is an optical reader?
Optical character recognition (OCR)
reads characters in
OCR font: OCR-A
Device that uses light source to read characters, marks,
and codes and then converts them into digital data
OCR font: OCR-A
Optical mark recognition (OMR)
reads hand-drawn pencil marks, such
as small circles

57. 57
Optical character recognition (OCR)
OCR device determines the shapes of characters by
detecting patterns of light & dark
OCR software then compares these shapes with
predefined shapes stored in memory & converts the
shapes into characters the computer can processshapes into characters the computer can process
Optical mark recognition (OMR)
OMR device first scans the answer key sheet to
record correct answers based on patterns of light.
Then it scans the remaining documents and matches
their patterns of light against the answer key sheet.

58. 58
Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a turnaround document?
Document that you
return to the company
that sent it
Portion you return has
information printed ininformation printed in
OCR characters

59. 59

60. 60
Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a bar code reader?
Uses laser beams to read bar codes

61. 61

62. 62
Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a bar code?
Identification code that consists of a set of vertical
lines and spaces of different widths
Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code – used by
retail & grocery stores
The United States Postal Service (USPS) uses aThe United States Postal Service (USPS) uses a
POSTNET bar code

63. 63
Other Input Devices
What is an RFID (Radio frequency
identification) reader?
RFID tag:
• Size: grain of sand – luggage tag
• Contain a memory chip and an
antenna in many shapes
• Sometimes embedded in glass, labels
or cards
RFID reader
• Reads info on the tag via radio waves
• Can be handheld devices or mounted
in a stationary object such as doorway

64. 64
RFID
Does not require direct contact or line-of-site transmission –
each product has a tag that identifies the product.
Can easily calculate the amount due, eliminating the need for
checking out each item.
Other uses:
track times for runners in a marathon,track times for runners in a marathon,
track location of soldiers,
airline baggage,
gauge pressure & temperature of tires on a vehicle,
checking out library books,
track payment as vehicles pass through booths on tollway systems.

65. 65
Other Input Devices
What is a magnetic stripe card reader (magstripe
reader)?
Reads the magnetic stripe
on the back of a credit card
Exposure to a magnetic
field can erase the contents
of a card’s magnetic stripeof a card’s magnetic stripe
Stripe divided into three
horizontal tracks, contains info
In many cases, magstripe reader is part of a point-of-
sale terminals

66. 66
What is a magnetic-ink character recognition
(MICR) reader?
Scanners and Reading Devices
Can read text printed with magnetized ink
Banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR
for check processing
Bank routing num acc num check
num
check
amount

67. 67
Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a data collection device?
Obtains data directly at location where transaction
or event takes place: restaurant, factory,
warehouse,… where heat, humidity & cleanliness
are not easy to control
Use PDA, handheld computers,Use PDA, handheld computers,
bar code reader, or other mobile
devices to collect data wirelessly
Transmits data over network or
Internet - send data wirelessly to
central office computers

68. 68
Terminals
What is a terminal?
Consists of a keyboard, a monitor, a video card,
and memory.
Housed in a single unit
Three categories:
Dumb terminalsDumb terminals
Has no processing power (host – server/mainframe)
Get input, display output
Smart terminals
Has a processor
Able to perform certain functions independent from host
computer (server)
Special purpose terminals
Contain features uniquely designed to be use in a particular
industry
POS terminals & automated teller machines

69. 69
Terminals
What is a smart display?
Battery powered LCD monitor with a touch screen
2 roles:
LCD monitor while attached to system unit
Smart terminal while remotely connected to
system unitsystem unit
Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
- A local area network that uses
high frequency radio signals to
transmit and receive data over
distances of a few hundred feet;
It was a Microsoft initiative to use a
portable touch screen LCD monitor as
a smart terminal for PCs, connecting
via Wi-Fi

70. 70
Terminals
What is a point of sale (POS) terminal?
Records purchases, processes credit or debit cards, and
updates inventory
Swipe credit or debit card through card reader
Reads customer’s personal data from magnetic strip
In a grocery store, POS terminal is a combination of anIn a grocery store, POS terminal is a combination of an
electronic cash register,
bar code reader & printer
Some POS terminals are
Web-enabled, allows
updates to inventory at
geographically separate
locations

71. 71
Terminals
What is an automated teller machine (ATM)?
Self-service banking
machine that connects to a
host computer through a
network

72. 72
Biometric Input
What is biometrics?
Authenticates person’s identity
by verifying personal
characteristic
Fingerprint scanner captures
curves and indentations ofcurves and indentations of
fingerprint
Hand geometry system measures
shape and size of person’s hand

73. 73
Biometric Input
What are examples of biometric technology?
Voice verification system compares live
speech with stored voice pattern
Signature verification system recognizes
shape of signatureshape of signature
Iris recognition system reads
patterns in blood vessels in back
of eye
Biometric data is sometimes stored
on smart card, which stores
personal data on microprocessor
embedded in card

74. 74
Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic
keyboard
Mouse
Putting It All Together
What are recommended input devices for home
users?
Mouse
Stylus for PDA or smart phone
Game controller(s)
30-bit 600 x 1200 ppi color scanner
3-megapixel digital camera
Headphones that include a microphone
PC video camera

75. 75
Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic
keyboard
Mouse
Putting It All Together
What are recommended input devices for
small office/home office users (SOHO)?
Mouse
Stylus and portable keyboard for PDA
or smart phone, or digital pen for Tablet
PC
36-bit 600 x 1200 ppi color scanner
4-megapixel digital camera
Headphones that include a microphone
PC video camera

76. 76
Wireless mouse for notebook computer
Touchpad or pointing stick on notebook
computer
Putting It All Together
What are recommended input devices for mobile
users?
computer
Stylus and portable keyboard for PDA or smart
phone, or digital pen for Tablet PC
3- or 4-megapixel digital camera
Headphones that include a microphone
Fingerprint scanner for notebook computer

77. 77
Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic
keyboard
Mouse
Stylus and portable keyboard for PDA
Putting It All Together
What are recommended input devices for power
users?
Stylus and portable keyboard for PDA
or smart phone
Pen for graphics tablet
48-bit 1200 x 1200 ppi color scanner
6- to 12-megapixel digital camera
Headphones that include a microphone
PC video camera

78. 78
Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard
Mouse
Stylus and portable keyboard for PDA or smart
phone, or digital pen for Tablet PC
Touch screen
Putting It All Together
What are recommended input devices for large
business users?
Touch screen
Light pen
42-bit 1200 x 1200 ppi color scanner
OCR/OMR readers, bar code readers, MICR reader, or
data collection devices
Microphone
Video camera for video conferences
Fingerprint scanner or other biometric device

79. 79
Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users
What input devices are available
for those with physical
limitations?
Keyguard allows users to rest
hands on keyboard without
accidentally pressing keysaccidentally pressing keys
Head-mounted pointer
controls pointer on screen
New developments include
gesture recognition and
computerized implant devices

80. 80
Summary of Input
Keyboard, mouse, and other
pointing devices; controllers for gaming
and media players
Keyboard, mouse, and other
pointing devices; controllers for gaming
and media players
Voice inputVoice input
Input devices for PDAs, smart phones,Input devices for PDAs, smart phones,
Scanners and reading devicesScanners and reading devices
TerminalsTerminals
Input devices for PDAs, smart phones,
and Tablet PCs
Input devices for PDAs, smart phones,
and Tablet PCs
Digital camerasDigital cameras
Video InputVideo Input
Biometric inputBiometric input
Input devices for physically
challenged users
Input devices for physically
challenged users
Chapter 3 Complete