1. Chapter 1
Overview of Using
Computer

2. Chapter 1 Objectives
Recognize the importance of
computer literacy
Recognize the importance of
computer literacy
Define the term, computerDefine the term, computer
Identify and describe the components
of a computer
Identify and describe the components
of a computer
Describe the categories of computersDescribe the categories of computers
Describe the various types
of computer users
Describe the various types
of computer users
Discuss various computerDiscuss various computer
Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of using computers
Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of using computers
Recognize the purpose of a networkRecognize the purpose of a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and
World Wide Web
Discuss the uses of the Internet and
World Wide Web
Distinguish between system software
and application software
Distinguish between system software
and application software
Discuss various computer
applications in society
Discuss various computer
applications in society

3. Learning Outcome
Successful students will be able to:
Describe the characteristics of computer hardware
devices and explain their functionalities.

4. Computers are everywhere…

5. Computers are everywhere…

6. A World of Computers
COMPUTER LITERACY
Knowledge and understanding
of computers and their uses

7. How is a computer defined?
What Is a Computer?
Electronic device
operating under the control ofoperating under the control of
instructions stored in its own
memory

8. What Is a Computer?
Accepts datadata
Raw facts, figures, and
symbols
- Collection of unprocessed items
- Text, numbers, images, audio & video
Processes data into
informationinformation
Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful
Produces and stores results

9. A computer holds data,
information & instructions in
storage for future use.
What are instructions?
What Is a Computer?
They are the steps that tell
computer how to perform a
particular task.

10. What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?
Input
Process
Output
Storage
CommunicationCommunication

11. The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
Hardware used to enter
data and instructions
control pointer movement
allow user to speak into computer
converts printed material intodata and instructions converts printed material into
different form the computer can
understand
take pictures & transfer the image
to computer or printer
create movie or take still
photographs electronically

12. Input Devices

13. The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
Hardware that conveys
information to one or
produce text & graphics on a
physical medium (paper)
display text, graphics & videos oninformation to one or
more people
display text, graphics & videos on
screen
allow user to hear music, voice &
other audio

14. Output Devices

15. The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
Case containing
electronic components
used to process data
its circuitry usually is
part of or is connected to
p. 8 Fig. 1-3
part of or is connected to
a circuit board called
motherboard

16. The Components of a Computer
What are TWO (2) main components on the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor
The electronic component that interprets and carries
out the basic instructions that operate the computerout the basic instructions that operate the computer
MemoryMemory
Consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by
those instructions (some stored permanently & most temporarily)

17. Processor

18. The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
Storage mediaStorage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored
Storage mediaStorage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored
Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use
floppy disks, hard
disks, CDs, DVDs,
memory cards, ...and information are storedand information are stored
Storage deviceStorage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
a storage medium
Storage deviceStorage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
a storage medium
memory cards, ...
CD drive, card
reader/writer

19. Storage Devices

20. The Components of a Computer
What is a communications device?
send and receive data, instructions,
Hardware component that
enables a computer to
send and receive data, instructions,
and information
Occurs over cables, telephone
lines, cellular radio networks,
satellites, and other
transmission media

21. Communication Device

22. Quick Quiz
1) What is computer literacy?
Answer:
Having a knowledge and understanding of computers
and their uses
Answer:
Data is a collection of unprocessed items; information
2) How is data different from information?
Data is a collection of unprocessed items; information
conveys meaning and is useful to one or more people.
Answer: d
3) Which of the following is not an example of a
storage medium?
a) DVD b) memory card c) USB flash drive d) system unit
Answer: False
4) A CD-ROM can hold from 1 million to 650 million
characters. True or false?

23. Consists of
a series of instructions
that tells the computer
Computer Software
What is software?
Also called a program
that tells the computer
what to do
Two categories:
System software
Application software

24. Computer Software
What is system software?
Programs that control or maintain the
operations of the computer and its
devices
Serves as the interface between the
user, the application sw, & the comp’suser, the application sw, & the comp’s
hw

25. Computer Software
TWO (2) types of System Software:
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs
that coordinates all
activities among
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs
that coordinates all
activities amongactivities among
computer hardware
devices and allows
users to run
application software
activities among
computer hardware
devices and allows
users to run
application software
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to
perform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to
perform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs

26. Computer Software
What is application software?
Spreadsheet
Word
Processing
Programs that perform
specific tasks for users
Presentation
Graphics
Database
Processing

27. Application
Software

28. Application Software
What is application software?
Programs designed to make users more productive
28

29. Application Software
How is software distributed?
Packaged software, mass-produced
Custom software, performs functions specific
to a business or industry
Open source software, provided for use,
modification, and redistribution
29
modification, and redistribution
Shareware, distributed free for trial period
Freeware, copyrighted software provided at no
cost
Public-domain software, freeware with no
copyright restrictions

30. Application Software
What is system software?
Programs that control
the operations of the
computer
Serves as the interface
between the user, the
30
between the user, the
application software,
and the computer’s
hardware

31. Application Software
How do you start an application?
From the desktop, click the Start button, point to All
Programs, and click the name of the application
The program’s instructions load into memory
31
Start button All Programs
Application

32. Application Software
What is a window?
Menu Bar
A rectangular area of the screen that displays a
program, data, and/or information
32

33. Application Software
What is a dialog box?
A special window that provides information, presents
available options, or requests a response
33

34. Business Software
What is business software?
Software that assists people in becoming more
effective and efficient
34

35. Business Software
What is word processing software?
Allows users to create and
manipulate text and graphics
Clip art is a collection
of graphics
that you can
35
that you can
insert in
documents

36. Business Software
What are popular word processing features?
AutoFormatAutoFormatAutoFormatAutoFormatAutoCorrectAutoCorrectAutoCorrectAutoCorrect CollaborationCollaborationCollaborationCollaboration
ColumnsColumnsColumnsColumns MacrosMacrosMacrosMacrosInk InputInk InputInk InputInk Input
GrammarGrammar
CheckerChecker
GrammarGrammar
CheckerChecker
36
Mail MergeMail MergeMail MergeMail Merge ResearchResearchResearchResearch
ReadingReading
LayoutLayout
ReadingReading
LayoutLayout
Smart TagsSmart TagsSmart TagsSmart Tags ThesaurusThesaurusThesaurusThesaurusTemplatesTemplatesTemplatesTemplatesTablesTablesTablesTables
VoiceVoice
RecognitionRecognition
VoiceVoice
RecognitionRecognition
TrackingTracking
ChangesChanges
TrackingTracking
ChangesChanges
Web PageWeb Page
DevelopmentDevelopment
Web PageWeb Page
DevelopmentDevelopment

37. Business Software
What is a font?
A name assigned to a specific design of characters
Font size indicates the size of the characters in a
particular font in points (a single point is about
1/72 of an inch in height)
Font style adds
37
Font style adds
emphasis to a
font such as
bold, italic,
and underline

38. Business Software
What is spreadsheet software?
Organizes data
Performs calculations and
recalculates when data changes
38
= SUM (C12:Y12)
= A1+B2 (*C12) = D1+E2 (*F12)

39. Business Software
How is a spreadsheet
organized?Columns identified by letters
Rows identified by numbers
A cell is the intersection of a
column and row
39

40. Business Software
What is a function?
A predefined formula
that performs
common calculations
=C4+C5+C6+C7+C8
=SUM(C4:C8)
40
=SUM(C4:C8)

41. Business Software
What is charting?
Allows you to display spreadsheet data in graphical form
41

42. Business Software
What is database software?
Allows you to create
and manage data
42
Add, change, delete,
sort, and retrieve data

43. Business Software
What are the parts of a database?
A table contains records
A record is a row in a
table that contains
information about a
given person, product,
or event
43
or event
A field is a column in
a table that contains
a specific piece of
information within
a record

44. Business Software
How do you extract information from a
database?
44
Can be sent as a
report to the printer
Run queries to
retrieve data

45. Business Software
What is presentation graphics
software?Used to create visual aids for
presentations
A presentation is sometimes called
a slide show
45

46. Business Software
What is note taking
software?Enables users to enter
typed text, handwritten
comments, drawings, or
sketches anywhere on the
page
46
page
Notes are organized like a
notebook

47. Business Software
What is Personal Information Manager
Software?Includes a calendar,
address book,
synchronization with
desktop computer
Most PDAs and many
47
Most PDAs and many
smart phones include
PIM functionality

48. Business Software
What is a software suite?
A collection of individual
programs sold as
a single package
A collection of individual
programs sold as
a single package
Two major advantages:Two major advantages:
48
a single packagea single package
lower cost ease of use

49. Business Software
What is project management software?
Allows you to plan, schedule, track, and analyze
the events, resources, and costs of a project
49

50. Business Software
What is accounting
software?Helps companies
record and report
their financial
transactions
50

51. Business Software
What is enterprise computing software?
Large organizations require special computing
solutions
Each functional unit has specialized software
requirements
51
Marketing Sales Distribution
Customer
Service
IT
Human
Resources
Accounting Engineering Manufacturing

52. Graphics and Multimedia Software
What are some
popular graphics
and multimedia
software products?
52

53. Graphics and Multimedia Software
What is computer-aided design (CAD)?
Sophisticated application software that allows you to
create engineering, architectural, and scientific designs
53

54. Graphics and Multimedia Software
What is desktop publishing software?
Enables you to design and produce sophisticated
documents that contain text, graphics,
and many colors
54

55. Graphics and Multimedia Software
What is paint/image editing software?
Used to create and
modify graphical
images
Sometimes called
illustration
55
illustration
software

56. Graphics and Multimedia Software
What is video and audio editing software?
Video editing software allows you to modify a
segment of a video, called a clip
Audio editing software allows you to modify
audio clips
56

57. Graphics and Multimedia Software
What is multimedia authoring software?
Allows you to combine
text, graphics, audio,
video, and animation
into an interactive
presentation
57
presentation

58. Graphics and Multimedia Software
Allows users of all skill levels to create Web pages
Some application software programs include Web page
authoring programs
What is Web page authoring software?
58
animation
graphical
images
audio
video
organize
manage
maintain
Web pages
and/or
Web sites

59. Software for Home, Personal, and Educational Use
What software products are
available for home, personal,
and educational use?
59

60. Application Software for Communications
What software facilitates communication?
VideoVideo
conferencingconferencing
Chat roomsChat rooms
WebWeb
browsersbrowsers
EE--mailmail
60
InstantInstant
messagingmessaging
NewsgroupsNewsgroupsFTPFTP

61. Popular Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What are some widely used stand-alone utility
programs?
Antivirus
Program
Spyware
Remover
Internet
Filters
File
Compression
61
Program Remover Filters Compression
File
Conversion
CD/DVD
Burning
PC
Maintenance

62. Application Software on the Web
What is a Web application?
A software application that
exists on a Web site, such
as maps and directions
Some Web applications
store your data and
62
store your data and
information at their site
Some are free

63. Applications on the Web
What is an application service provider (ASP)?
ThirdThird--party organizationparty organization
that manages andthat manages and
distributes softwaredistributes software
and servicesand services
Allows companiesAllows companies
to outsourceto outsource
informationinformation
technology (IT)technology (IT)
63
and servicesand services
on the Webon the Web
technology (IT)technology (IT)
needsneeds

64. Learning Aids and Support Tools for Application Software
What is Online Help?
Electronic equivalent of a user manual
Context-sensitive help
64

65. Learning Aids and Support Tools for Application Software
What is Web-based Help?
A Web site linked from Online Help
Provides updates and more resources to respond
to technical issues about a program
Some Web sites contain
chat rooms where user
65
chat rooms where user
can talk directly with a
technical support person

66. Self-directed, self-paced
instruction on a topic
on the Web
Distance learning (DL) is
the delivery of education
Learning Aids and Support Tools Within an Application
What is Web-based training
(WBT)?
66
the delivery of education
at one location while the
learning takes place at
other locations

67. Computer Software
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
Allows you to interact
with the software
using graphics and
icons
Controls how you enterControls how you enter
data and how the
screen displays
information

68. Computer Software
How do you install and run programs?

69. Computer Software
What is a programmer?
Someone who develops
application or system
software
Programmer writes
instructions to
direct computer to
Javascript program
direct computer to
process data into
information
Resulting Internet application

70. Advantages of Using Computers
What are the advantages of using computers?
Speed Reliability Consistency
Storage Communications

71. Advantages of Using Computers
Speed
Data, instructions, & information
flow along electronic circuit
Incredibly fast speed!
Process huge no. of operations
in a second
Organizing
Adding
Subtracting
Multiplying
Dividing
e.g.
alphabetizing
Computing Sorting
Organizing
Formatting
Showing
movie
…

72. Advantages of Using Computers
Reliability
The components are dependable &
reliable
Rarely break or failRarely break or fail

73. Advantages of Using Computers
Consistency
Given same input & processes,
computer produces same results
Garbage in, garbage outGarbage in, garbage out
- Accuracy of computer’s output
depends on the accuracy of the input
Correct input + working instructions
= ERROR-FREE RESULTS

74. Advantages of Using Computers
Storage
Store data & make data available
for processing at anytime
Storage
(store enormous amount
of data)
Processor
data
data
Memory
data
data
set of instructions

75. Advantages of Using Computers
Communication
NETWORK
Computer
B
Computer
A
Comm
device
Comm
device

76. Disadvantages of Using Computers
What are the disadvantages of using computers?
Violation of
Privacy
Impact on
Labor Force
Impact on
Environment
Health Risks

77. Disadvantages of Using Computers
Violation of
Privacy
Records stored in computer, not
protected properly
Impact on
Labor Force
Millions of employees replaced
by computers
Companies outsourcing jobs to
foreign countries

78. Disadvantages of Using Computers
Prolonged/improper computer use
lead to injuries/disorder of hands,
wrists, elbows, eyes, neck, back, …
Need proper work place design,
good posture, spaced work breaks
Health Risks
Computer manufacturing processes
depleting natural resources
Computer waste discarded in
landfills, release toxic materials &
polluting the environment –
dangerous levels of lead, mercury
& flame retardants
Impact on
Environment

79. Networks and the Internet
What is a network?
Transmission
Media
Transmission
Media
Communications
Device
Communications
Device
Collection of computers and devices connected
together
One type is
a modem
Enables a
connection
between
computers
Enables a
connection
between
computers
Cables
Cellular
radio
Telephone
lines
Satellites
MediaMedia

80. To shareTo share
Networks and the Internet
What are the reasons to network?
ResourcesResources
HardwareHardwareHardware
devices
Hardware
devices
Software
programs
Software
programs
DataData
To save
time
and
money
To save
time
and
money
InformationInformation

81. Networks and the Internet
What is a server?
A server manages
the resources on a
network
Clients access
the resourcesthe resources
on the server

82. Networks and the Internet
What is the Internet?
Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals
Access Providers – offers users & companies access
to the Internet free or for a fee.to the Internet free or for a fee.
People connect to the Internet to exchange info.
E-mail
Instant messaging - chat room
Internet telephony

83. Networks and the Internet
Why do users access the Internet?
2. Information
3. Shopping
4. Banking and Investing
5. Classes
1. Communications
5. Classes
6. Entertainment

84. Networks and the Internet
What is the World Wide Web (Web)?
One of the most popular services on the
Internet
A global library of info. available to any
one connected to the Internet.
Billions of documents, called Web pages,Billions of documents, called Web pages,
available to anyone connected to the
Internet

85. Networks and the Internet
A Web site is
a collection of
related Web pages
A Web site is
a collection of
related Web pages
A Web page containsA Web page containsA Web page contains
text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to
other Web pages
A Web page contains
text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to
other Web pages
You can share
information by
creating Web pages
or posting photos on
a photo sharing
community
You can share
information by
creating Web pages
or posting photos on
a photo sharing
community

86. Quick Quiz
1) What does garbage in, garbage out mean?
Answer:
This phrase means that the accuracy of a computer’s
output depends on the accuracy of the input.
Answer:
Text, graphics, audio, and video
2) What can a Web page contain?
Text, graphics, audio, and video
Answer: False
3) The Web is a worldwide collection of networks that
connects millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals. True or false?

87. Categories of Computers
What are the categories of computers?
Personal Computers
(desktop)
Mobile Computers and
Mobile Devices
Game Consoles
A computers size,
speed, processing
power, price
determine the
category it best
fits
Midrange Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers
Game Consoles

88. Personal Computers
What are the two most popular series of personal
computers?
PC and PC-compatibles
use the Windows
operating system
Apple Macintosh uses
the Macintosh
operating system
(Mac OS)
Contains a
processor,
memory, comm.,
and many input, (Mac OS)and many input,
output &
storage
devices.
PC-compatible refers to any personal computer based on the
original IBM personal computer design

89. Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer?
Designed so all of the components fit entirely
on or under a desk or table

90. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a notebook computer?
Portable, small enough
to fit on your lap
Also called a laptop
computer
Generally moreGenerally more
expensive than a
desktop computer

91. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a Tablet PC?
Especially useful for taking
Resembles a letter-sized
slate
Allows you to write on the
screen using a digital pen
Especially useful for taking
notes

92. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are mobile devices?
Small enough to carry in a
pocket
Internet-enabled
telephone is a “smart
phone”phone”

93. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a handheld computer?
Used
Small
enough to fit
Used
by mobile
employees such as
meter readers and
delivery people
in one
hand

94. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
Provides personal organizer
functions
Calendar
Appointment book
Address bookAddress book
Calculator
Notepad

95. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are smart phones and smart watches?
A smart watch is
an Internet-enabled
watch that automatically
adjusts to time zone changes
and stores personal
A smart phone is
an Internet-enabled
telephone that usually
provides PDA capabilities
and stores personal
information

96. CONSOLES
Game Console
Mobile computing device for single-player or
multiplayer video games – music, video & connect to
Internet
Standard Game Console
Input device: handheld controller(s)
Output device: television screen
Storage media: hard disk, CDs, DVDs, & memory cards
Microsoft’s Xbox 360, Nintendo’s Wii, & Sony’s PlayStation 3.
Handheld Game Console
The controls, screen & speakers built into the device
Some use cartridges to store games; others use miniature CD or DVD.
Can comm. wirelessly with other similar consoles for multiplayer
gaming
Nintendo DS Lite & Sony’s PlayStation Protable (PSP)

97. Servers
What types of servers are there?
Midrange server Powerful, large
computer that supports up to a few
thousand computers
Mainframe Very powerful,
expensive computer that supportsexpensive computer that supports
thousands of computers
simultaneously
Supercomputer The fastest, most
powerful, most expensive
computer. Used for applications
requiring complex mathematical
calculations

98. Embedded Computers
What is an embedded computer?
A special-purpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product

99. Elements of an Information System
What are information system elements?
Hardware
Software
Data
People
ProceduresProcedures

100. Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a home user?

101. Examples of Computer Usage
Productivity software
Specialty software
What software is available for a small office/home
office (SOHO) user? (less than 50 employees as well
as self-employed who work from home)
Specialty software
Web usage
E-mail

102. Hardware
Notebook computers
PDAs
Smart phones
Examples of Computer Usage
What is available for
a mobile user?
Software
Word processing
Spreadsheet
Presentation graphics
software

103. Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of a power user?
Speed and large amounts of storage
Types of power users
Engineers
Scientists
ArchitectsArchitects
Desktop publishers
Graphic artists

104. Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of the large business user?

105. Computer Applications in Society
What are some examples
of computer applications
in society?
Education
Finance
GovernmentGovernment
Healthcare
Science
Publishing
Travel
Industry