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[object Object],The following slides are designed to help you in your study of matter.  Matter is the basis for the second half of this course.  1)  Basic definitions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],There are fill-in-the-blank notes associated with these powerpoints.  You may complete those notes for one of your graded mastery assignments.
MATTER AND ENERGY   Dark matter, matter we cannot see.  Perhaps it doesn’t have or emit light.  Scientists look at galaxy clusters and determine the amount of gravity holding the cluster together.  From this information they can determine mass.  They find there is a great deal more mass than they can account for from the visible material, thus the proposed existence of a “new” kind of matter, dark matter.
UNIT 5: CLASSIFICATION AND STRUCTURE OF MATTER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],The Study of  matter  and  how it changes CHEMISTRY Mass- the amount of matter in an object ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Volume- anything that takes up space, unit L, cm 3 , mL is
IS AIR MATTER? Does air have mass? Does air have volume? YES, to both, so air is matter
[object Object],[object Object],PROPERTIES OF MATTER What caffeine is made of… What caffeine is like…
THE BASIC UNIT OF MATTER IS AN ATOM There are over 118 varieties of atoms PERIODIC TABLE http:// www.webelements.com /scandium/
ELEMENTS   contain only one type of atom. Ex:  hydrogen (H) is an element that contains only hydrogen atoms, carbon (C) contains only carbon atoms, oxygen (O) contains only oxygen atoms, etc. Atoms of elements can combine together to form compounds. COMPOUNDS  are neutral groups of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Ex: CO 2 , H 2 O, H 2 , O 2
HOW DO WE CLASSIFY MATTER? ,[object Object],Pure gold/Pure substance 24 karat End of introductory material.  Return to index Alloy rims/ mixture of two metals 18 karat pure substance mixture
CLASSIFYING MATTER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Elements  contain one type of atom, thus they  CANNOT  be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ELEMENTS MONATOMIC ELEMENTS DIATOMIC ELEMENTS ALLOTROPES Atomic nitrogen N   Molecular nitrogen N 2     Ozone O3 Atomic hydrogen H   Molecular hydrogen H 2  Graphite, buckyball   Atomic oxygen O   Molecular oxygen O 2 Carbon  C   ALLOTROPE-different forms of an element in same physical state
COMPOUNDS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ELEMENTS TO COMPOUND COMBINED WITH… Will Form… Sodium, Na, is a soft, shiny metal that can be cut with a butter knife.  When in contact with moisture it will “explode”. Chlorine gas, Cl 2 , which is a green, poisonous gas once used as a chemical weapon in military operations.
Sodium metal and chlorine gas, under the right conditions, undergo a chemical change and combine to become…..  2 Na (s)   +  Cl 2(g)      2 NaCl The final compound has properties different from the elements that formed it. TABLE SALT!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],REVIEW 1. matter, changes 2. mass, space 3. atoms  4. pure substance, mixture  5. elements, compounds Return to index Answers:
MATTER NOW LETS DISCOVER MATTER AS MIXTURES THUS FAR WE HAVE REVIEWED MATTER AS PURE SUBSTANCES. PURE SUBSTANCE ELEMENT COMPOUND Carbon (C) H 2 O MIXTURE ?
MATTER AS MIXTURES ,[object Object],HOW ARE MIXTURES DIFFERENT FROM COMPOUNDS? HOW ARE MIXTURES LIKE COMPOUNDS? THEY ARE MADE FROM TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES MIXTURES DO NOT FORM CHEMICAL BONDS.
Classifying mixtures There are two types of mixtures: 2)  HETEROGENEOUS 1)  HOMOGENEOUS
HOMOGENEOUS … a mixture that is the same throughout.  A homogeneous mixture has a  composition and properties that are  identical regardless of the sample Ways to identify a homogeneous mixture: A SOLUTION is another name for a homogeneous mixture   is ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HETEROGENEOUS …  a mixture that is visibly different throughout.  Heterogenous mixtures have  a composition and properties  that differ  in any given sample. is Ways to identify a homogeneous mixture: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TYNDALL EFFECT ,[object Object],Colloids show the Tyndall Effect.  The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light as a beam passes through a colloid. In each picture, the colloid on the left scatters the beam making it visible
Mixtures Summary Ex. salt-water solution, tea, Cool-Aid drink Ex.: salt & pepper mix, rocks, cereal, bag of assorted candy Not as easily separated Can be easily separated Individual components can not be easily seen Individual components can be easily seen Properties of combined components are usually different than those of each component Individual components retain their own properties Evenly mixed Not evenly mixed Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Practice Problems 1. He 2. Ho 3. Ho 4. He 5. He 6. Ho 7. He 8. He 9. He 10. Ho 6.  Tea 7.  Banana nut bread 8.  Pizza 9.  Blood 10. Brass Determine whether each is a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture: Answers: Return to index
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Now, lets put it all together and determine how to tell substances (compounds and elements) from mixtures .
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Dorin, Demmin, Gabel,  Chemistry The Study of Matter  , 3 rd  Edition, 1990, page 68 Two of the descriptions to the right apply to each bottle below.  Determine the appropriate descriptions . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2_______ 1_______ 3_______ 4_______ d & h b & g c & e a & f Return to Index hydrogen atoms oxygen atoms hydrogen atoms
Classifying Matter Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Elements Compounds Homogeneous Heterogeneous He, O H 2 O, NaCl Tea, kool-aid Rocky Road ice cream, muddy water Review: How matter is classified
Classify the following substances as: Pure substance, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture Return to index More review Gatorade Homogenous mixture Fruit Loops Heterogeneous mixture Pure substance Gasoline Dirt Heterogeneous mixture Sugar Crystals Pure Substance Air Homogeneous mixture Granite Heterogeneous mixture

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5 1.1 Matter Powerpoint Part A Classification Of Matter

  • 1.
  • 2. MATTER AND ENERGY Dark matter, matter we cannot see. Perhaps it doesn’t have or emit light. Scientists look at galaxy clusters and determine the amount of gravity holding the cluster together. From this information they can determine mass. They find there is a great deal more mass than they can account for from the visible material, thus the proposed existence of a “new” kind of matter, dark matter.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. IS AIR MATTER? Does air have mass? Does air have volume? YES, to both, so air is matter
  • 7.
  • 8. THE BASIC UNIT OF MATTER IS AN ATOM There are over 118 varieties of atoms PERIODIC TABLE http:// www.webelements.com /scandium/
  • 9. ELEMENTS contain only one type of atom. Ex: hydrogen (H) is an element that contains only hydrogen atoms, carbon (C) contains only carbon atoms, oxygen (O) contains only oxygen atoms, etc. Atoms of elements can combine together to form compounds. COMPOUNDS are neutral groups of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Ex: CO 2 , H 2 O, H 2 , O 2
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. ELEMENTS MONATOMIC ELEMENTS DIATOMIC ELEMENTS ALLOTROPES Atomic nitrogen N Molecular nitrogen N 2 Ozone O3 Atomic hydrogen H Molecular hydrogen H 2 Graphite, buckyball Atomic oxygen O Molecular oxygen O 2 Carbon C ALLOTROPE-different forms of an element in same physical state
  • 13.
  • 14. ELEMENTS TO COMPOUND COMBINED WITH… Will Form… Sodium, Na, is a soft, shiny metal that can be cut with a butter knife. When in contact with moisture it will “explode”. Chlorine gas, Cl 2 , which is a green, poisonous gas once used as a chemical weapon in military operations.
  • 15. Sodium metal and chlorine gas, under the right conditions, undergo a chemical change and combine to become….. 2 Na (s) + Cl 2(g)  2 NaCl The final compound has properties different from the elements that formed it. TABLE SALT!
  • 16.
  • 17. MATTER NOW LETS DISCOVER MATTER AS MIXTURES THUS FAR WE HAVE REVIEWED MATTER AS PURE SUBSTANCES. PURE SUBSTANCE ELEMENT COMPOUND Carbon (C) H 2 O MIXTURE ?
  • 18.
  • 19. Classifying mixtures There are two types of mixtures: 2) HETEROGENEOUS 1) HOMOGENEOUS
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24. Mixtures Summary Ex. salt-water solution, tea, Cool-Aid drink Ex.: salt & pepper mix, rocks, cereal, bag of assorted candy Not as easily separated Can be easily separated Individual components can not be easily seen Individual components can be easily seen Properties of combined components are usually different than those of each component Individual components retain their own properties Evenly mixed Not evenly mixed Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture
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  • 28. Classifying Matter Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Elements Compounds Homogeneous Heterogeneous He, O H 2 O, NaCl Tea, kool-aid Rocky Road ice cream, muddy water Review: How matter is classified
  • 29. Classify the following substances as: Pure substance, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture Return to index More review Gatorade Homogenous mixture Fruit Loops Heterogeneous mixture Pure substance Gasoline Dirt Heterogeneous mixture Sugar Crystals Pure Substance Air Homogeneous mixture Granite Heterogeneous mixture

Notas do Editor

  1. Dark matter, matter we cannot see. Perhaps doesn’t have or emit light. Scientists look at galaxy clusters and determine the amount of gravity holding cluster together. From this information they can determine mass. They find there is a great deal more mass than they can account for of the visible material. Maintain there is dark matter that we cannot see or yet detect. Think it might be nuetrinos or baryonic particles.
  2. Have a balloon both empty and inflated, and an electronic scale. Weigh balloon.
  3. Check web site 1, only a lab, no video access