AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students

1. L-10
Global warming
Air Pollution and Control
(Elective-I)

2. What’s the difference
between “global warming”
and “climate change”?

3. Difference
GLOBAL WARMING
is the increase of the
Earth’s average
surface temperature
due to a build-up of
greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere.
CLIMATE CHANGE
is a broader term that
refers to long-term
changes in climate,
including average
temperature and
precipitation.

4. MUMBAI RAINS

5. What’s the proof that global
warming is taking place?

6. Portage Glacier
• Alaska
1914
Photos: NOAA Photo Collection and Gary Braasch – WorldViewOfGlobalWarming.org
2004

7. Colorado River
• Arizona
June 2002
Dec 2003

8. Why is global warming
happening?

9. • Among the most important naturally
occurring and man-induced
greenhouse gases are:
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Water vapour
3. Methane
4. Nitrous oxide
5. Ozone
There are natural concentrations of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
which work to keep the planet warm.

10. Burning of Fossil Fuels
Pollution from coal,
natural gas, and oil

11. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Power Plants
40% of carbon dioxide emissions stem from
the burning of fossil fuels for the purpose of
electricity generation
Cars
20% of carbon dioxide emissions comes from
the burning of gasoline in internal-combustion
engines of cars and light trucks with poor gas
mileage contribute the most to global warming

12. Greenhouse effect
103 Watt per m3
240 Watt per m3
343 Watt per m3
Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

13. How Global Warming Works
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

14. Example of the
Greenhouse Effect
The Sun’s energy
passes through the
car’s windshield.
This energy (heat)
is trapped inside
the car and cannot
pass back through
the windshield,
causing the inside
of the car to warm
up.

15. Sun
Greenhouse Effect

16. Here is how this process works
• The Earth receives its original supply of
shortwave radiation from the Sun
• The Earth then reflects 30% of this solar
radiation back into space in its original
shortwave form
• The Earth absorbs the remaining 70% of
this solar energy and then re-radiates it
back into space in the long wave form
(infrared radiation)

17. Earth’s Atmospheric Gases
Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
Argon (Ar)
>99% NonGreenhouse
Gases
Water (H2O)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Greenhouse
<1%
Gases

18. Per-capita Carbon –dioxide emission
(Metric Tons)
Country
in metric tons
USA
Europe
20.01
9.40
Japan
China
Russia
India
World average
9.87
3.60
11.71
1.02
4.25

19. How Much Temperature Increase?
• Some models propose up to 9°C
increase this century
• Two studies put the minimum at
1.5°C and maximum at 4.5°C or
6.2°C
• Another study puts the minimum at
2.5°C

20. Wildlife Effects
• Polar Bears
• Require pack ice to live
• Might eventually go extinct in the wild
• Sea turtles
• Breed on the same islands as
their birth
• Could go extinct on some islands
as beaches are flooded
• Other species may go extinct as rainfall
patterns change throughout the world

21. NOT FAR……….

22. Environmental Effects of
Global Warming
Rising Sea Level
Habitat Damage and
Species Affected
Increased Temperature
Changes in Water Supply

23. Effect on Humans
• Fewer deaths from cold, more from
heat
• Decreased thermohaline circulation
• Cooler temperatures in North Atlantic
• CO2 fertilization effect
• Precipitation changes
• Droughts and famine (some areas)
• Expanded desert in Canada, Soviet Union

24. Mitigation of Global Warming
• Conservation
• Reduce energy needs
• Recycling
• Alternate energy sources
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nuclear
Wind
Geothermal
Hydroelectric
Solar
Fusion?

25. What Can be Done: Alternatives
Renewable Energy Sources
Solar Energies
Wind Power
Biomass
Geothermal
Changes In Vehicle Systems
Hybrid
Fuel Cell
BatteryElectric

26. We can stop global warming!

27. Simple Things To Do
Turn off your computer or the TV
when you’re not using it.
Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.
Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades,
or curtains.
Turn off the lights when you leave a room.
Use compact fluorescent bulbs.

28. Be Bulb Smart—Use CFLs
Smart—
Incandescent
What’s the
difference?
Compact
Fluorescent
saving of coal
•CO2 pollution avoided
•Money saved

29. Simple Things To Do
Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up
the air conditioning. Or use a fan.
Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning
up the heat.
keep the air filters on your AC and furnace
clean.
Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in
the car.
Recycle.
Plant a tree.

30. Kyoto Protocol
• 1997, Kyoto, Japan  developed countries
agreed to specific targets for cutting their
emissions of greenhouse gases
• Industrialized countries committed to an
overall reduction of emissions of greenhouse
gases to 5.2% below 1990 levels for the
period 2008 - 2012
• Objective is the stabilization of greenhouse
gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a
level that would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with the climate
system

31. So Think and
act

32. Objective Questions
Q1. The earth radiates heat radiation in the form
of ____________________ radiations.
Q2. _____ is main green house gas.
Q3. Burning of ______________ is main source
of green house gases.
Q4. Use of __________ lamps reduces
electricity.
Q5. Under __________________ protocol
developed countries agreed to specific targets
for cutting their emissions of greenhouse gases

33. Theory Questions
Q1. Write a note on ‘global warming’.
Q2. What are causes of green house
effect? How you can minimize the same?