Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction - Grade 12

1. FIRE HAZARD
FIRE AND

2. FIRE HAZARD
Anything which increases the likelihood
of fire.
Includes situations that increase the
likelihood of fire or may impede escape
in the event fire occurs.

8. OXIDATION

9. RAPID
Fire is an oxidation process that happens very fast
that light, heat, and sound, are released.
Temperature


10. OXIDATION = LOSS OF ELECTRONS

11. Fuel = reducing agent
Oxygen = oxidizing
agent

12. COMBUSTION

13. COMBUSTION MODES
Flaming
Non-flaming/smoldering or
glowing embers.

15. PYROLYSIS
Transformation of a
substance produced by the
action of heat

16. 3 STAGES OF FIRE
 Incipient Stage
 A region where preheating, distillation, and slow pyrolysis are in
progress.
 Smoldering Stage
 Region of fully developed pyrolysis that begins with ignition and
includes the initial stage of combustion.
 Flaming Stage
 A region of rapid reaction that covers the period of initial
occurrence of flame to a fully developed fire.

17. CLASSES OF FIRE
Class A – fires involving organic solids like paper
and wood
Class B – fires involving flammable liquids
Class C – fires involving flammable gases
Class D – fires involving metals
Class E – fires involving cooking oils

18. FIRE HAZARDS
Live flames
Causes of sparks
Hot objects
Chemicals that are potential for ignition
Chemicals that can aggravate a fire to become
large and uncontrolled
Potential threats to fire prevention

21. CAUSES OF FIRE
Accidents and carelessness
Many people believe that f they are careful
they are much less likely to have fire
Being careful will not stop fire from happening
Most fires are not caused by carelessness
They are caused by everyday living that is
almost impossible for us to change

22. CAUSES OF FIRE
Electrical Wiring, Outlets, and Faulty
Wiring
Older homes are particularly susceptible as
they were not wired for the many appliances
that we have filled our homes with.
Homes built in the 50’s-70’s have aluminum
wiring that gets very hot and increases the
chance of fire.

23. CAUSES OF FIRE
Appliances
Lamps, toasters, refrigerators, clothing iron, and
even baby monitors can short out.
Appliances can be unplugged when not in use.
Cooking
Major cause of residential fires.
Not due to effective stoves but unattended pots or
burner.

24. CAUSES OF FIRE
Children playing
Burns = no.1 cause of accidental deaths in
children under 2 years old.
Fire and burn injuries are the 2nd leading cause
of accidental deaths in children ages 1-4 and
3rd leading cause of injury and death for ages
1-8

25. WHAT DOYOU DO WHEN…
1.You are in a building and the machine near you combusts?
2.The fire alarm sounds in your building?
3.The room or hallway is caught in smoke?
4.You trapped in a room and there is fire outside? (what do you
do to keep out the smoke?)
5.Your clothing is on fire?
6. A fire is starting and there is a fire extinguisher near you?
7.Your classmate is on fire?

26. BASIC RESPONSE PROCEDURES
DURING A FIRE INCIDENT
How you react in an emergency
depends on how well you have
prepared for that emergency.

27. 1. “RACE”
Remove anyone from immediate danger
Activate building fire alarm system and call 911
Confine the fire by closing all windows and
doors.
Evacuate and leave the building
Extinguish the fire if it can be done safely

28. 2. HOWTO SURVIVE A
BUILDING FIRE
Crawl if there is smoke
Feel doors before opening
Go to nearest exit
Use exit stair, NO elevators
Close doors
Use fire extinguisher if possible
Stop, Drop and Roll
If trapped:
 Close doors, seal cracks, open windows when safe, signal for
help/call 911, don’t jump!

29. 3. IFYOU ARE PHYSICALLY IMPAIRED
If you are disabled (even temporarily)
Learn about fire safety
Plan ahead for fire emergencies
Be aware of your own capabilities and limitations
Look for areas for refuge
If there is immediate threat to safety, ask others for
assistance or call 911 to report and receive
instructions.

30. FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Twist
Pull
Aim
Sweep

31. FIRE EXTINGUISHER
ChemicalType
A – wood, paper
B – gas, liquid, grease
C – electrical equipment