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Chapter 14: The Judiciary

   A More Perfect Union 1/e
The Judiciary
• The Origins of the U.S. Judiciary
  – The Constitution and the Judiciary Act of
    1789: Establishing the Supreme Court and
    the Federal District Courts
  – Marbury v. Madison and the Principle of
    Judicial Review
  – The Judiciary Act of 1891: Expanding the
    Federal Courts


          ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   2
The Judiciary
• The Basis of U.S. Law
  – The Language of U.S. Law
  – Common Law
    • Historical Basis of Common Law
    • The Principle of Stare Decisis
  – Code Law




          ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   3
The Judiciary
• Sources of U.S. Law
  – The Federal and State Constitutions
  – Statutes
  – Judicial Decisions
  – Executive Orders
  – Administrative Law




          ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   4
The Judiciary
• The Federal Court System
  – Jurisdiction of Federal Courts
  – The Structure of Federal Courts
    •   Federal District Courts
    •   U.S. Courts of Appeals
    •   Special Courts
    •   The U.S. Supreme Court within the Federal
        System



             ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   5
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   6
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   7
The Judiciary
• Selecting Judges for the Federal Bench
  – The Senate’s Role in Appointment and
    Confirmation
  – Judicial Competence
  – Ideology and Selection to the Bench
  – Representation of Demographic Groups




          ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   8
The Judiciary
• The U.S. Supreme Court Today
  – The Supreme Court’s Jurisdiction
  – Choosing Cases for Review
  – On the Docket: Considering the Case
  – Meeting in Conference: The Deliberative Stage
  – Deciding How to Vote: Voting Blocs on the
    Court
  – Writing the Opinion
  – The Supreme Court Today: The Roberts Court
          ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   9
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   10
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   11
The Judiciary
• Judges as Policy Makers
  – Activism Versus Restraint
  – Competing Legal Interpretations




          ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   12
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   13
The Judiciary
• Checks on U.S. Courts
  – The Inner Ring: Legislatures and Chief
    Executives
  – The Gatekeepers: Participants in the Judicial
    Process
    • Law Enforcers’ Checks on the Judiciary
    • Interest Groups’ Checks on the Judiciary
  – Intra-Court Constraints
  – The Outer Ring: The Users
           ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   14
©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.   15
Chapter Six

Pursuit of Justice
Exhibit 6-1                Justice




Source: Photo copyright © Michael Newman/Photo Edit Inc.
Civil Cases Filed in California
Exhibit 6-2
Superior Courts 2004 (1.5 million cases)
Exhibit 6-3                The Criminal Justice System




Source: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
Exhibit 6-4                   California Crime Index




Source: Office of the California Attorney General
Criminal Cases Filed in California
Exhibit 6-5
Superior Courts 2004-2005 (7.4 million cases)
California Crime, Arrests,
Exhibit 6-6
Convictions, & Incarcerations Indexed to 1980

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Chapter 14 & 6

  • 1. Chapter 14: The Judiciary A More Perfect Union 1/e
  • 2. The Judiciary • The Origins of the U.S. Judiciary – The Constitution and the Judiciary Act of 1789: Establishing the Supreme Court and the Federal District Courts – Marbury v. Madison and the Principle of Judicial Review – The Judiciary Act of 1891: Expanding the Federal Courts ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2
  • 3. The Judiciary • The Basis of U.S. Law – The Language of U.S. Law – Common Law • Historical Basis of Common Law • The Principle of Stare Decisis – Code Law ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3
  • 4. The Judiciary • Sources of U.S. Law – The Federal and State Constitutions – Statutes – Judicial Decisions – Executive Orders – Administrative Law ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4
  • 5. The Judiciary • The Federal Court System – Jurisdiction of Federal Courts – The Structure of Federal Courts • Federal District Courts • U.S. Courts of Appeals • Special Courts • The U.S. Supreme Court within the Federal System ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5
  • 6. ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6
  • 7. ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7
  • 8. The Judiciary • Selecting Judges for the Federal Bench – The Senate’s Role in Appointment and Confirmation – Judicial Competence – Ideology and Selection to the Bench – Representation of Demographic Groups ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8
  • 9. The Judiciary • The U.S. Supreme Court Today – The Supreme Court’s Jurisdiction – Choosing Cases for Review – On the Docket: Considering the Case – Meeting in Conference: The Deliberative Stage – Deciding How to Vote: Voting Blocs on the Court – Writing the Opinion – The Supreme Court Today: The Roberts Court ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9
  • 10. ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10
  • 11. ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11
  • 12. The Judiciary • Judges as Policy Makers – Activism Versus Restraint – Competing Legal Interpretations ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12
  • 13. ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 13
  • 14. The Judiciary • Checks on U.S. Courts – The Inner Ring: Legislatures and Chief Executives – The Gatekeepers: Participants in the Judicial Process • Law Enforcers’ Checks on the Judiciary • Interest Groups’ Checks on the Judiciary – Intra-Court Constraints – The Outer Ring: The Users ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 14
  • 15. ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 15
  • 17. Exhibit 6-1 Justice Source: Photo copyright © Michael Newman/Photo Edit Inc.
  • 18. Civil Cases Filed in California Exhibit 6-2 Superior Courts 2004 (1.5 million cases)
  • 19. Exhibit 6-3 The Criminal Justice System Source: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
  • 20. Exhibit 6-4 California Crime Index Source: Office of the California Attorney General
  • 21. Criminal Cases Filed in California Exhibit 6-5 Superior Courts 2004-2005 (7.4 million cases)
  • 22. California Crime, Arrests, Exhibit 6-6 Convictions, & Incarcerations Indexed to 1980