1. Use
Actions that started in
the past and still influence
the present
Present Perfect/ Past Simple
Actions that started
and finished in the past
Recent Actions
Key Words
Ever (alguma vez)
Never (nunca)
Since (desde)
For (há)
Just (agora mesmo)
Yet ( .ainda não - neg
.já - int)Already ( .já- aff
.já - int)
Recently/ Lately
This ( week, month,
year, etc)
Yesterday
Last ( Saturday, week, month, year,
etc)
… ago
When I was…
In 1998 ( past date)

2. Present Perfect
Verb To See
AFFIRMATIVE
I have seen
You have seen
He/ she/ it has seen
We have seen
You have seen
They have seen
I saw
You saw
He/ she/ it saw
We saw
You saw
They saw
Past Simple
subject Have/ has Past participle Subject Past Simple - list

3. Present Perfect
Verb To See
NEGATIVE
I haven’t seen
You haven’t seen
He/ she/ it hasn’t seen
We haven’t seen
You haven’t seen
They haven’t seen
I didn’t see
You didn’t see
He/ she/ it didn’t see
We didn’t see
You didn’t see
They didn’t see
Past Simple
subject Have/ has +not Past participle Subject Neg. Infinitive

4. Present Perfect
Verb To See
INTERROGATIVE
have I seen
have you seen
has He/ she/ it seen
have We seen
have you seen
have they seen
Did I see
Did You see
Did He/ she/ it see
Did We see
Did You see
Did They see
Past Simple
Have/ has subject Past participle Did Subject Infinitive

5. REMEMBER!!!
PAST SIMPLE- VERB TO BE
PAST SIMPLE- IRREGULAR VERBS (THINK)
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I was I wasn’t Was I ?
You were You weren’t Were you ?
He was He wasn’t Was he ?
She was She wasn’t Was she ?
It was It wasn’t Was it ?
We were We weren’t Were we ?
You were You weren’t Were you ?
They were They weren’t Were they ?
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I thought I didn’t think Did I think ?
You thought You didn’t think Did you think ?
He thought He didn’t think Did he think ?
She thought She didn’t think Did she think ?
It thought It didn’t think Did it think ?
We thought We didn’t think Did we think ?
You thought You didn’t think Did you think ?
They thought They didn’t think Did they think ?
Did + subject + infinitiveSubject + didn’t + infinitive

6. REMEMBER!!!
PAST SIMPLE- VERB TO BE
PAST SIMPLE- IRREGULAR VERBS (THINK)
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I was I wasn’t Was I ?
You were You weren’t Were you ?
He was He wasn’t Was he ?
She was She wasn’t Was she ?
It was It wasn’t Was it ?
We were We weren’t Were we ?
You were You weren’t Were you ?
They were They weren’t Were they ?

7. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I thought I didn’t think Did I think ?
You thought You didn’t think Did you think ?
He thought He didn’t think Did he think ?
She thought She didn’t think Did she think ?
It thought It didn’t think Did it think ?
We thought We didn’t think Did we think ?
You thought You didn’t think Did you think ?
They thought They didn’t think Did they think ?
PAST SIMPLE- IRREGULAR VERBS
Subject + didn’t + infinitive Did + subject + infinitive