Materials ionic liquids tecnalia 2015

1. Materials for
Energy and
Environment
Ionic Liquids
energy and
environment

2. Materials for Energy and Environment
What are Ionic Liquids?
Capabilities & Facilities
Contact
Achievements
This is us, this is TECNALIA

5. Dry (Plasma) & Wet
technologies
Improved
(nano)coating ,
multilayers, surface
functionalization, dry
lubricants, …
Corrosion-related
failure analysis &
Monitoring.
Advanced materials
& processing for
thermal, radiation,
corrosion, wear
protection,..
Gas separation (i.e.
H2, Air, CO2,..) &
Energy conversion
membranes (i.e.
batteries, fuel cells,
electrolysers,..)
Elecrolytes for
electrochemical
devices (i.e.
advanced batteries
and supercapacitors)
Surface treatments &
Coatings
Loss of functional
properties &
Environmental
implications of
nanomaterials
Nano-enabled
materials/products
Electrocatalyst,
nanocatalysts
Advanced
surface
technology
Materials for
extreme
environments
Membranes
Technology
Ionic LiquidsMaterials for
Energy
Storage
Nano-
materials for
energy &
environment
Water Photocatalysis
Filtration
Water purification
TECNALIA > Energy and Environment > Materials for Energy and Environment

6. WHAT ARE IONIC LIQUIDS AND DEEP EUTETIC SOLVENTS?
IONIC LIQUIDs (ILs)
 ILs is the generic term for a class of
materials, consisting entirely of ions and
being liquid below 100°C
 If they are liquid at room temperature,
we call them room temperature ionic
liquids (RTILs)
DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT (DES)
 DESs are made by mixing a hydrogen
bond acceptor (HBA) (e.g., natural
organic salt, amino acid) and hydrogen
bond donor (HBD) (e.g., alcohol, sugar
or carboxylic acid)
 Both may have high melting points
(mp), to form an eutectic mixture with
lower mp
Solid 1 (HBA) Solid 2 (HBD)
Liquid

7. WHAT ARE IONIC LIQUIDS?
ILs have tunable structures – their
properties can be altered by adding
different functional groups
 Task Specific ILs
 Protic ILs
 Pharmaceutical ILs
 Chiral ILs
 Metal based ILs
 Poly-ILs
Ionic Liquid
Properties & Categories of ILs
Properties of ILs
 Negligible vapor pressure
 Good lubrication properties
 High thermal, chemical and mechanical
stability
 Non-corrosive
 Low eco- and human toxicity
 Tunable viscosity
 Broad liquid range
 Broad electrochemical potential window
Properties of ILs

8. WHAT ARE IONIC LIQUIDS?
IONIC LIQUIDS can
replace
traditional industrial
processes such as
electrodeposition, pyro and
hydrometallurgy
for
new eco-friendly, no
volatile organic solvents
containing, no energy-
intensive, and cost
effective processes.
Applications

9. CAPABILITIES & FACILITIES
Designing, synthesizing & physico-chemical
characterizing of two different liquids: ILs and
Deep Eutectic Solvents
 Schlenk line, Rotavapor, TGA, NMR, IR, Mass
spectroscopy, DSC, Karl Fisher, Viscosity, UV-Vis,
AAS, ICP-AES
Characterization of IL properties
and performance for electrochemical
applications
 Potentiostats, RDE
 Semi-technical scale electrochemistry: Current
rectifiers, anodes, stirred cubets, etc
 Automatic pilot-plant for surface treatments
 Metal and surface characterization: SEM/EDS,
optical microscopy, RAMAN, etc.

10. Reactor (10L -20L) for synthesis
of ionic liquids
Reactor (100L)
for extraction
of metals from
wastes using
ionic liquids
Pilot (15 tanks of 20L) for
electrodeposition of metals
CAPABILITIES & FACILITIES

11. ACHIEVEMENTS Electrodeposition of Zn, Cr and Zn alloys in DES
 Development of ILs based surface finishing processes: Cr, Al, Zn and Zn alloy electroplating,
electropolishing.
 Morphological and functional characterization of coatings:
 Environmental impact and safety studies: Eco-toxicological studies, recycling and control,
risk analysis, health & safety in the workplace, LCA
 Scaling up to pilot plant scale of most promising processes
Metal and alloy plating from ILs onto real parts
Pilot plant for Zn-Sn
plating from ILs
On the framework of the IONMET European (FP6 2005- 2009) project: “New Ionic
Liquid (IL) Technology to Transform Metal Finishing”

12. Ionic liquids as electrolytes for flow batteries
 Screening of IL based anolytes and catholites by half cell electrochemical testing
 Studies for optimization of IL based electrolytes (additives, diluents)
 Cell design material selection, compatibility tests, etc.
On the framework of the LIQUION (CENIT Spanish National Programme
2010-2013) project: “Investigation of ionic liquids technologies for
industrial applications : Flow batteries “
Screening of IL based electrolytes
Double cell testing
Selection of battery
components
ACHIEVEMENTS

13. Aluminium electrodeposition from ILs for
aeronautical applicacions
 Development and
characterization of new ionic
liquid based electrolytes
 Speciation analysis
 Bath life studies
Characterization of electrochemical properties
and process performance
Speciation studies by NMR
ACHIEVEMENTS
(a) [EMIM][Cl]/AlCl3 (fresco)
(b) [EMIM][Cl]/AlCl3 (usado Set6)

14. New approach based on hydrometallurgical
processes instead of the current
pyrometallurgical recycling for the recovery of
high purity valuable materials from batteries.
Instead of the current pyrometallurgical recycling
hydrometallurgical processes permit recover high purity Nickel,
and Lanthanides from Nickel metal hydride batteries; and Cobalt
and Lithium from Lithium ion batteries.
These new processes will be applicable at
small scale and more widely than existing
processes.
Hydrometallurgical processes involves novel
physical and chemical recovery processes
including the use of ionic liquids and
ultrasonics.
The hydrometallurgical processes will use
Task Specific Ionic Liquids (TSILs) and Deep
Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for selective
extraction and separation.
ACHIEVEMENTS
High Purity Cobalt and Lanthanide
Recovery from batteries
NiMH Battery (Ni & Ln) Li-ion Battery (Co & Li)
On the framework of the CoLaBATS (“Cobalt and Lanthanide recovery from BATTERIES”)
European project funded by the European Comission under the 7th Framework

15. ACHIEVEMENTS
Recycling of Neodymium and Dysprosium
from permanent magnets
Development, validation and
demonstration of an innovative
Rare Earth Element (REE)
mixtures extraction and a novel
direct Rare Earth Alloys (REA)
production route for in-process
and End-of-Life Permanent
Magnets (PM) waste and
Secondary Batteries (SB)
waste, bringing within reach the
recovery of 90% of in-process
wastes from PM manufacturing.
On the Framework of the H2020 European Project “Integrated high temperature
electrolysis (HTE) and Ion Liquid Extraction (ILE) for a strong and independent European
Rare Earth Elements Supply Chain”( REE4EU)
The project leverages on recent research results
(SINTEF and TECNALIA) on novel ionic liquid
extraction and high temperature electrolysis which
have proven on lab scale to enable effective up-
concentration of REE containing waste streams as
well as direct Rare Earth Alloys (REA) production
from waste based Rare Earth Oxide (REO) mixtures.

16. ACHIEVEMENTS
Ionic liquid technology for
energy and cost effective recover of PGMs
Ionic liquid technology (Iono-
metallurgy) for energy and cost
effective process to recover
PGMs

17. For more information please contact
Dr. Amal Siriwardana
amal.siriwardana@tecnalia.com
Thank you for your
attention!