Brameld III (1957 - 1983)
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Although educational practices would be described as mostly essentialist or behaviorist during this time period, the student revolt of the 1960's ushered in social and cultural change. We see in this period the sowing of the seeds of reconstructionism through the influence of Freiere, Brameld and others.
![[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1957 - 1983 Image retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paulo_Freire.jpg Paulo Freire](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Brameld III (1957 - 1983)
- 1. Explosive Ideas in Education Culture, Class, & Evolution by Theodore Brameld
- 7. Image retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apollo_15_flag,_rover,_LM,_Irwin.jpg 1957 - 1983 Apollo 15 was the 4th moon landing in the Apollo program (July-August 1971).
- 8. Image retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vietnamdem.jpg 1957 - 1983
- 10. Image retrieved from http://arcweb.archives.gov/arc/arch_results_detail.jsp?&pg=30&si=0&st=b&rp=digital&nh=1165 1957 - 1983
- 15. Image retrieved from http://www.rockabillyhall.com/Ex.BlackboardDVD.jpg Our “teacher movie” for this time period is “Blackboard Jungle” starring Glenn Ford. This movie came out in 1955 at the end of what we are calling the “reconstructionist” era. 1957 - 1983
Editor's Notes
- Click on the button in the middle to preview. OR you can just click on the right arrow and advance one slide at a time.
- EDCI 886 authors and concepts: We call this time period, the age of Reconstructionism because the seeds of social and cultural change were planted, watered, and nurtured by certain events during this time period. There were also strong essentialist activities within education (Tyler rationale) right after Sputnik. However, the focus of the 4th time period (1984-present) is essentialism.
- Click on one or both musicians (red text) to listen to their music in YouTube. Fine arts influences: Music is cool and still bopping! What do you notice about the narrator of the Thelonious Monk video? Don’t forget the Beatles “invaded” during this period as well.
- Political events and influences (international): Sputnik I is launched by the Soviet Union (retrieved from http://history.nasa.gov/sputnik/). The events on this slide summarized from http://www.animatedatlas.com/timeline.html.
- Political events and influences (US): The Eisenhower years were characterized by economic stability, recovery from the war effort, escalation of the Cold War and responses to Sputnik. The National Education Defense Act (NDEA) was passed in 1958 with the express purpose of making sure that American children caught up with perceived educational deficiencies compared to Soviet children. SMSG = School Mathematics Study Group; PSSC = Physical Sciences Study Committee; BSSC = Biological Sciences Study Committee (summarized from Urban & Wagoner, 2004, pp. 293-297)
- Political events and influences (US): Events and dates summarized from http://www.animatedatlas.com/timeline.html. Apollo Project information retrieved from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo.html.
- The Apollo program sent several mission to the moon. Could we say that the curricular reform movement sparked by Sputnik I and the NDEA was successful?
- "A female demonstrator offers a flower to military police on guard at the Pentagon during an anti-Vietnam demonstration. Arlington, Virginia, USA”. This picture is in the public domain. It was taken October 12, 1967. What do you notice?
- Political events and influences (US): Events summarized from http://www.animatedatlas.com/timeline.html
- This is a printed map detailing the locations of structures, troop movements, bullet hole locations, and locations of casualties at the Kent State shooting of May 4, 1970 (retrieved from http://arcweb.archives.gov/arc/arch_results_detail.jsp?&pg=30&si=0&st=b&rp=digital&nh=1165). This image is in the public domain. What can we learn (if anything) from this event?
- Political events and influences (US & International): Events summarized from http://www.animatedatlas.com/timeline.html. In 1982 the CDC began tracking cases of AIDS (http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/qa/qa3.htm). What effect(s) did the rise of the Moral Majority and the AIDS epidemic have on education?
- Educational practices: This is the era where the Tyler Rationale begins to be played out. However it is also the era when intellectuals and philosophers begin to reconceptualize curriculum theory, Structuralism comes under fire along with behaviorism (Pinar et al., 2004). Educators like Brameld critically analyze educational systems (Brameld, 1965).
- Other Educational influences: Jerome Bruner was a psychologist who argued for a “carefully structured approach to learning the academic disciplines” (I.e., constructionism) (Urban & Wagoner, 2004, p. 296). Summary of information found at http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/5352.
- Educational practices (legal influences): President Johnson’s “War on Poverty” had educational components, including the creating of the Job Corps and Head Start. However, the most influential piece of legislation in the 1960’s was the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (Urban & Wagoner, 2004, p. 329) [note: the ESEA is the precursor to NCLB]. The 1974 Supreme Court case, Lau v. Nichols, brought on behalf of Chinese American students in San Francisco, initiated formal approaches to bilingual education (Urban & Wagoner, 2004, p. 317). The Indian Self-Determination Act of 1974 was a result of the Wounded Knee incident in 1972. It granted the tribes oversight of their own schools among other things (Urban & Wagoner, 2004, p. 319). The Education for All Handicapped Children Act initiated mainstreaming and individual education programs (IEPs) (Urban & Wagoner, 2004, p. 320).
- Click on the image to view the movie trailer on YouTube. What do you notice about culture and class? What do you notice about educational practices?
- Discuss among yourselves and be prepared to report out in a few minutes.