The document discusses key aspects of the Philippine Administrative System (PAS) including: 1) PAS refers to a network of public organizations that implement policies through defined structures, rules, and goals while interacting with the socio-political environment. 2) Components of PAS include public organizations, internal procedures, policy implementation, serving different clientele, and operating within the larger socio-economic system. 3) The budget cycle in PAS includes budget preparation by agencies under budget parameters set by the Development Budget Coordination Committee, approval by the President and Cabinet, and execution and accountability.

1. Philippine Administrative
System
(DPA 102)

2. PAS refers to a network of
organizations with specific rules and
goals, structures, resources and
programs. It includes the internal
processes of and the interaction
between and among public
organizations, which are constituted
to implement, help formulate, monitor
or assess public policies

3. Public
PA Socio-political
and economic
environment
This system covers the PA relationship with its
immediate public in contact, as well as the PA’s
reactions to or how it is affected by the greater
socio-political and economic environment within
which it operates

4. PAS empowers people:
1) institutionalizes access to PAS services;
2) decentralizes & makes operations
transparent;
3) listens and works with people;
4) procedures should be made simple and
local language should be used.

5. Components of PAS:
• Public organization - legal mandates, major
functions and structures, etc.
• Internal procedures and interactive efforts -
perform public functions thru defined rules and
procedures internal to the org.
• Responsible for implementing public policies –
formulated jointly by the legislative and
executive branches
• Conscious of the different kinds of clientele that
it deals with
• Socio-political, economic environment – PAS as
part of the bigger social system with competing
claims to limited resources and, institutions play
a role in determining the utilization of resources

6. Components of PAS:
• Public organization - legal mandates,
major functions and structures, etc.
• Internal procedures and interactive
efforts - perform public functions thru
defined rules and procedures internal to
the organization
• Responsible for implementing public
policies – formulated jointly by the
legislative and executive branches

7. Components of PAS:
• Conscious of the different kinds of
clientele that it deals with
• Socio-political, economic environment –
PAS as part of the bigger social system
with competing claims to limited
resources and, institutions play a role in
determining the utilization of resources

8. Sources of Power of the PAS
• Instrument of the state – government
functions are exercised legitimately,
supported by enabling state policies
and authority
• Enforcer and implementor of public
policy – discretion in policy
implementation
• Service delivery system – discretion
to determine quantity, quality,
adequacy and timeliness of services
it provides

9. Sources of Power of the PAS
• Participant in policy formulation –
advice is sought on legislation and
policy-making
• Technical expertise –professional
training of civil servants in areas of
competence on policy issues
• Nationwide presence – expansive
reach to mobilize support for programs
all over the country.

10. Capability-Building (CB)
CB – refers to the “building of people-based
structures and institutions which is the real
essence of the concept. It means enabling
people to organize themselves around
common needs and to work together
towards common ends. It is addressed to
policy makers, program implementor, and
program beneficiary”.

11. Four Stages of CB Process
Stages of CB
Process
Problem Identification
Objective Setting
Program planning
Structure building

12. Four Outputs of CB Process
Outputs of
CB Process
Effective self sustaining
community organizations
Installation of community self
management process
Partnership/linkage with outside
structures
Community problem solving
capability

13. Political and Administrative Accountability
Accountability is defined as a condition in
which individuals who exercise power
are constrained by external means and
by internal norms.
It refers to the institution of checks and
balances in an organization thru which
an administrator accounts for his
stewardship of resources or authority.

14. Political and Administrative Accountability
The political-administrative continuum
means that elected officials are politically
accountable to the electorate or their
constituencies who voted them to their
positions. These elected officials are
held responsible thru regular elections
and other means, i.e. recall and
referendum. Appointive public officials
answer to the people thru the elected
officials who appointed them and directly
to the public whom they serve.

15. Four Types of Accountability
Types of Accountability
Individual
Accountability
Accountability
of Administrators
Political
Accountability
Accountability
of National Leaders

16. Four Types of Accountability
• Individual accountability – public employees
are answerable for the responsible, efficient
and effective performance of their tasks.
• Accountability of administrators – for their
stewardship of the administrative authority,
resources and information placed at their
disposal as leaders of public organization.

17. Four Types of Accountability
• Political accountability – of institutions that
must answer for their organizational
mandate and functions, particularly as they
form part of the incumbent government
strategy for national development.
• Accountability of national leaders – elected
national leadership must answer for the
performance in pursuing their programs of
government and their use of national
resources, given the authority, power and
resources vested in them by their
constituency

18. PAS Structure
• Constitutional bodies: 1) constitutional
commissions - CSC, COA, COMELEC; 2)
constitutionally created/mandated special
bodies – CHR and Ombudsman
• Executive Departments
• GOCCs (wholly-owned or at least 51%)
• Chartered institutions (created by law)
• LGUs

19. Administrative Relationships
If an office is under the supervision and control of
another unit, it means that the higher office:
– Has authority to act directly, whenever specific function
is entrusted by law or regulation to a subordinate
– Directs the performance of a duty
– Restrains the commission of acts
– Reviews, approves, reverses or modified acts or
decision of subordinate officials and units
– Determines priorities in executing plans and programs
– Prescribes standards, guidelines, plans and programs

20. Administrative Supervision and Attachment
Administrative supervision:
– Oversee the operations of such agencies
to insure these are managed effectively,
efficiently and economically; no
interference in day to day activities
– Require submission of reports; cause the
conduct of mgt audit, performance
evaluation and inspection to determine
rectification of violations, abuses, etc.
– Review and pass upon budget proposal of
such agencies, but may not increase or
add to them.

21. Administrative Supervision and Attachment
Attachment (Attached agencies or corporations)
– Department represented in the board, as
chair or member
– Comply with periodic reporting
– Department provides general policies thru its
board representatives

22. Government Reorganization (GR)
Pre planning or
Reorganization
Government Preparation of
Reorganization
Reorganization proposals
Final Stage

23. Government Reorganization (GR)
• GR - planned deliberate efforts to systematically
alter the existing organizational structure usually for
the purpose of achieving government objectives with
more economy, efficiency and effectiveness.
• Pre-planning or reorganization: 1) how
reorganization is initiated; 2) who is the authority
vested with reorganization; 3) setting goals and
tasks; 4) defining the powers to reorganize & outline
the scope; 5) setting resources
• Preparation of reorganization proposals: 1)
constituting the reorganization body; 2) preparing
the reorganization proposals; 3) recruiting support
and staff; 4) creating information base for
preparation of proposals
• Final stage is the passage of a law that grants the
authority to implement the reorganization process

24. Budget Cycle: Budget Preparation
• Budgetary parameters is determined by the
Department Budget Coordination Committee
(DBCC) composed of DBM, NEDA, DOF, BSP
and OP. DBCC recommends:
– level of annual government expenditure program and
ceiling for government spending for economic and
social development, national defense, general
government and debt service
– proper allocation of expenditures for each
development activity between current operating
expenditures and capital outlay
– amount set to be allocated for capital outlay under
each development's activity for the various capital or
infra projects. Sets budget ceiling consistent with
macro-economic targets as presented in the MTPDP

25. Budget Cycle: Budget Preparation
Approval
of the
President
& the
Cabinet

26. Budget Cycle: Budget Preparation

27. Budget Cycle: Budget Preparation
After budget parameters are approved, DBM issues the
budget call (National Budget Circular), defining the budget
framework.
Budget hearings. Upon receipt of the budget call, agencies
issue their own internal office guidelines to prepare
budgetary estimates along the broad framework of the
policy guidelines.
Budget review and consolidation. After agency hearings,
modifications and revisions of agency budget proposals
may be made. DBM consolidates results of these changes
and clears with the President thru DBCC. President then
authorized DBM to estimate total expenditures & reconcile
with revenue estimates.

28. Budget Cycle: Budget Preparation
Budget validation and confirmation. After consolidation
into a national budget, this is subjected to further
evaluation/validation, by DBM thru comprehensive
policy review of all agency and special purpose
fund budgets, then to DBCC for examination.
Approval by the President and Cabinet. The approved
budget is forwarded to Congress, together with the
President’s budget message and other documents,
i.e. Budget of Expenditure and Sources of
Financing, the National Expenditure Program, and
the Regional Expenditure Program.

29. Budget Approval, Execution & Accountability
Budget approval. Converting budget proposal into
law – the General Appropriations Act (GAA)
Budget Execution: Allotment and cash release
program based on the GAA. Agency submits to
DBM its Agency Budget Matrix (ABM). DBM
issues the Special Allotment Release Order
(SARO) and Notice of Cash Allocation (NCA)
Budget Accountability. Establishes accountability
of government agencies that received public
funds, thru system of monitoring agency
performance vis-à-vis approved work targets.

30. The Budget Cycle
Budget
Preparation
(DBCC, agencies)
Budget
Budget
Approval
Accountability
(Congress)
(agencies, COA) Budget
Process
Budget
Execution
(agencies)

31. Sources:
Alfiler Ma. Concepcion P. Philippine Administrative
System (PAS)., UP Open University, Diliman
Quezon City
Rubico, Naty. Philippine Administrative System
UP NCPAG 2010