1.
EMERGENCE OF URBAN
COMMUNITY AND RISE OF
METROPOLIS
M P A 2 1 3 - M A N A G E M E N T O F R U R A L A N D U R B A N
D E V E L O P M E N T
P R E S E N T E D T O :
D R . J O S E F I N A B I T O N I O
P R E S E N T E D B Y :
K O W R E E N B . M A C A M
H A Z E L R . C A R I A S O

2.
URBAN
AREA/COMMUNITY
• a region surrounding a city.
• inhabitants have non-agricultural jobs.
• a developed area with a high density of
population, human structures such as
houses, commercial buildings, roads,
bridges and railways.

3.
URBANIZATION
• a process whereby populations move
from rural to urban areas.

4.
METROPOLIS
• from a Greek word meaning "mother
city"
• also called as metropolitan area.
• a major city together with its suburbs
and nearby cities, towns, and environ.
• major city exercises a commanding
economic and social influence.
• larger metropolitan areas are
dominated by EXURBS and SUBURBS.

5.
EXURBAN VS.
SUBURBAN
• generally in the metropolitan areas, but
outside the built-up urban areas.
EXURBAN
• are largely within the continuous built-up
urban areas.
SUBURBAN

6.
HISTORY OF
CITIES
• First cities appeared thousand of years ago in
areas where the land was fertile such as:
⚬ Mesopotamia - around 7500 BCE which
includes Eridu, Uruk and Ur
⚬ Communities between the Euphrates and
Tigris rivers (the so-called Fertile Crescent)
⚬ Along Nile river
⚬ Indus river valley in India subcontinent
⚬ Yellow (or Huang) river in China

7.
PATTERN OF
CITY PLANNING
The importance of the Ancient World EGYPT, GREECE, ROME is
that it established a long-lasting pattern of planning for cities.
Cities are built upon four basis:
• PHYSICAL base of the city is that visible manifestation of
building, roads, parks and other features that it forms.
• ECONOMIC base of the city provides a reason for existence.
• POLITICAL base of the city is essential for its order.
• SOCIAL base is essential for city meaning.
Planning of the cities of the ancient world was the precursor of
what we consider the urban pattern

8.
ORIGIN OF
URBANIZATION
• Earliest urban life begin from Middle East (known as
Iraq now) around 3.500 BC.
• India, China and Mexico were the oldest urban
communities.
• Chang, an (known as Xian today) and Hangzhou
were the world largest cities in the 13th century
which had one million population.
• London did not reached one million population until
1700 due to limit of foods and transportation both
size and shares of world’s urban population were
very low.
• In 1850 London, Paris and Beijing were the home of
more than millions inhibiters.

9.
ORIGIN OF
URBANIZATION
• There were 25 largest cities
• Most rapid and extensively urbanization
occurred in America, Australia, and Europe
during firsthalf of twentieth century.
• New York become mostcongested city, while
urbanization were very slow in others parts
of world.
• In 1950 quarter population of the world lived
in urban areas, in developed countries
process ofurbanization were reached at
peak.

10.
7 TYPES OF URBAN
PLANNING
1 STRATEGIC URBAN PLANNING
⚬ focuses on setting high-level goals and
determining desired areas of growth for
a city or metropolitan area.
2 LAND-USE PLANNING
⚬ largely concerns legislation and policy,
adopting planning instruments like
governmental statutes, regulations, rules,
codes, and policies to influence land use.
⚬ Residential, commercial, industrial,
municipal.
3 MASTER PLANNING
⚬ typically used for greenfield development
projects, or building on undeveloped
land—instead of modifying pre-existing
structures or spaces, you’re starting from

11.
7 TYPES OF URBAN
PLANNING
4 URBAN REVITALIZATION
⚬ focuses on improving areas that are in a
state of decline.
⚬ community interaction is especially
important with this urban planning
concept, as local residents and business
owners often have insights that can help
inform and tailor planning efforts.
5 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
⚬ identifying areas of growth to foster
greater financial prosperity within the
city, specifically by enticing companies to
build or move offices there.

12.
7 TYPES OF URBAN
PLANNING
6 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
⚬ a type of strategic development that
emphasizes sustainability.
7 INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING
⚬ deals with the fundamental facilities and
systems that serve a city and its people,
and how those facilities can support
goals laid out in the strategic plan.
⚬ It covers public works infrastructure,
community infrastructure, safety and
transportation

13.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
AND ITS FORMS: ORIGINS
AND NEW CHALLENGES
FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST
CENTURY
• In history, there is evidence of permanent human
settlements at around 10 000 B.P., before the
discovery of agriculture.
• There was a trend of growth of population due to
better territory control.
• This growth of population showed some constraints
as the communities of hunters and gatherers could
not sustain increased pressure on the environment by
human inhabitants without collapsing.

14.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
AND ITS FORMS: ORIGINS
AND NEW CHALLENGES
FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST
CENTURY
• First form of urban space: that of a classic
container:
⚬ an imposing mass of monumental buildings
⚬ usually protected by a wall and surrounded
by closely built residential quarters
⚬ workshops
⚬ minor shrines or temples and markets
threaded by alleys, streets, or processional
ways
⚬ the whole area enclosed by one or more
heavy walls, moats, and canals and entered
only through massive gates

15.
THE DEVELOPMENT
OF PHILIPPINE CITIES
BEFORE 1900
• Sustained growth of Manila and of provincial urbanism began with
the rise of commercial agriculture and the stimulation of internal
trade in the late eighteenth to middle nineteenth centuries.
• At the end of this final segment of Spanish rule a culturally unified
indigenous upper strata (the ilustrados) had evolved whose
economic position generally was based on land ownership and
commercial agriculture.
• The growing mass of Philippine society was poor and often
exploited. Because early nascent provincial urbanism faded, the
patterns of urban social-spatial arrangements which evolved in the
nineteenth century came to form the base on which the changes
of the present century have been enacted.

16.
METROPOLIS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• The Philippine National Framework for Physical
Planning: 2001–2030 (NFPP) has identified 12
metropolitan areas as the country’s leading
industrial, financial, and technological centers
that serve as the main hubs for international
trade.
⚬ Metro Manila
⚬ Metro Cebu
⚬ Metro Davao
⚬ Metro Cagayan de Oro
⚬ Metro Angeles
⚬ Metro Iloilo
⚬ Metro Bacolod
⚬ Metro Naga
⚬ Metro Baguio
⚬ Metro Batangas
⚬ Metro Dagupan and
⚬ Metro Olongapo.

17.
METROPOLIS IN
THE
PHILIPPINES
• Metro Manila ranks as the most densely
populated area among the identified
metropolitan areas.
• Metro Cagayan de Oro is the least
dense area
• Metro Manila, the largest urban
agglomeration, has been the political
and economic driver of the nation since
Spanish colonial times (Figure 8)

18.
2009–2016 describes the
vision for urban
development as a system
that facilitates economic
growth, develops and
strengthens local
competitive advantage, and
significantly improves the
quality of life of its
residents.

19.
METROPOLITAN
ARRANGEMENT IN
THE PHILIPPINES
• According to the Philippine Institute for
Development Studies, Metropolitan arrangements
vs. decentralization contemporary regional
development phenomenon occurring in the
Philippines is the emergence of new regional spaces
through the formation of metropolitan
arrangements. A metropolitan arrangement is a
conglomeration of a highly urbanized city and the
local government units contiguous to it, engaging in
co- operative urban development ventures

20.
CLASSIFICATION
OF CITIES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• highly urbanized cities or component cities
⚬ have a minimum population of 200,000 and an
annual income of at least fifty million Philippine
pesos (₱50 M)
• component cities
⚬ part of the province where they are located
• independent component cities
⚬ their charters prohibit their voters from voting
for elective provincial officials and they are
independent of the provinces where they are
located

21.
SAMPLE 2021 RANKINGS OF HIGHLY
URBANIZED CITIES

22.
REFERENCES:
• https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/urban-area
• https://www.sociologygroup.com/meaning-of-urban-community/
• https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-
urbanization.php?fbclid=IwAR130dKAAPTxBauoiEQeVh7B6H8OQujxyJmLitwXXlY8NH_K7HDydJnnwr8
• https://www.britannica.com/topic/metropolitan-area
• https://www.newgeography.com/content/005961-larger-metropolitan-areas-dominated-suburban-exurban-population
• https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/history-cities
• https://primumnilnocerefiles.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/03_plan-201-history.pdf
• https://www.academia.edu/27146319/Comparative_Study_Origin_and_Growth_of_Urbanization_in_Develop_and_Developing_Worlds
• https://www.clearpointstrategy.com/types-of-urban-planning/
• http://eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C13/E1-20-03-21.pdf
• https://issuu.com/ryacat/docs/pidspn9810
• https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/42817/philippines-national-urban-assessment.pdf
• https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/229764393.pdf
• https://www.philatlas.com/cities.html
• https://cmci.dti.gov.ph/rankings-data.php?unit=Highly%20Urbanized%20Cities

23.
THANK YOU