1. SAFEASSIGNCHECKTEST - CSU SAFEASSIGN
PLAGIARISM CHECK TOOL
SafeAssign Originality Report Generator III
Shaundreka Lowery
on Sun, Sep 08 2019, 12:04 PM
48% highest match
Submission ID: 5466e2eb-99a4-44e3-9624-2e95c4bca988
Attachments (1)
Case Study 7.docx
1 DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN
YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT HAS PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES.
Addressing the Determinant AIDS
1 DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN
YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT HAS PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES.
Stillwaggon (2000) shows that “HIV/AIDS has developed below

2. diverse conditions
around the world”. For instance, in the industrialized countries,
‘what commenced as
an epidemic amongst guys who have intercourse with men and
then needle sharing
drug users, is now increasingly concentrated in negative and
marginalized sectors of
the population’. In Africa and South Asia, ‘the AIDS epidemic
is nearly entirely
among heterosexual non-drug users. Latin America represents a
composite of the
(http://safeassign.blackboard.com/)
Case Study 7.docx
Word Count: 1,194
Attachment ID: 2097172046
48%
Page 1 of 13SafeAssign Originality Report
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bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
industrial and growing worlds both in its monetary overall
performance and its HIV

3. epidemics’. While it is acknowledged that “social determinants
of fitness have an
effect on a person’s risk of HIV infection, the velocity with
which HIV contamination
will growth to AIDS and a person’s capability to control and
live with
HIV/AIDS” (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006), these
social determinants can
be categorized in a wide variety of ways. For instance, as
counseled through Pound
stone et al. (2004), these can focus on structural factors, social
factors, character
factors and HIV transmission dynamics. To be useful for
research, programmatic
and coverage purposes, the categorizations need to add
explanatory power to the
conceivable pathways between factors and outcomes, and no
longer certainly be a
laundry list of societal aspects. Furthermore, the meaning and
relevance of these
determinants may additionally range notably relying on the
regional context as. For
this cause we will at the beginning evaluation the social
determinants of HIV/AIDS

4. from a North American (Canada and the USA) unique
perspective, and then from an
emerging markets nations perspective.
1 DESCRIBE HOW THE COMMUNITY IS PRESENTLY
TACKLING THE
PROBLEM THROUGH THE LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH
DEPARTMENT.
Local health department in our society is a non profit
organization. And along with
this local organization some organizations are working same for
the prevention of
AIDS and their roles are as follows:
Because of their capacity to more effortlessly provide services
to high-risk groups,
non-governmental agencies (NGOs) will play a quintessential
function in any
profitable AIDS prevention program. Since HIV is often
transmitted via behavior
deemed intimate or taboo, authority’s health officials have a
challenging time
accomplishing the affected group. But NGOs, which have a
lengthy file of
involvement in the area of fitness and social welfare, possess
numerous blessings

5. over government agencies: 1) they have prosperous ride
working at the community
level; 2) their independent nature approves them to respond
greater quickly; 3) they
have get right of entry to marginalized groups; 4) they generally
work with the target
Page 2 of 13SafeAssign Originality Report
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groups to increase their self-esteem; 5) they can act as a bridge
between the
community and the countrywide level; 6) they often appoint
modern methods; and
7) their method of operation permits for cost- effectiveness.
Furthermore, NGOs can
pick out their personal areas of involvement in accordance to
their feasibility,
previous experience, and priorities. NGOs can be instrumental
in offering statistics
on HIV contamination and AIDS to the public especially to
distinctive target group
populations -- the young, girls of reproductive age, prostitutes,

6. and intravenous drug
users. Additionally, NGOs can work in coverage advocacy, in
offering education for
special groups, in imparting counselling and other help to those
affected by way of
HIV, in screening donated blood, and in caring for AIDS
patients. Though providing
a amazing car for combating the epidemic, NGOs will have to
overcome various
obstacles, which include lack of government support, and lack
of dollars and
resources.
1 PROPOSE A RESOLUTION FOR THE HEALTH RISK AND
OUTCOME
CAUSED BY THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS & HOW THESE
ATTRIBUTES WILL BE REDUCED IN THE SOCIETY.
The word “Resolution” used, is really a great word for the
determinant that I have
addressed and diseases similar to this. As per there is no
vaccine cure for aids here
are some prevention that will help to avoid and gradually
decrease it:
2 TO HELP PREVENT THE SPREAD OF HIV:

7. · USE A NEW CONDOM EVERY TIME YOU HAVE SEX. 3
USE A NEW
CONDOM EVERY TIME YOU HAVE ANAL OR VAGINAL
SEX. 2
WOMEN CAN USE A LADY CONDOM. 3 IF THE USE OF
LUBRICANT,
MAKE SURE IT IS WATER-BASED. 2 OIL-BASED
LUBRICANTS CAN
WEAKEN CONDOMS AND REASON THEM TO BREAK.
DURING ORAL
INTERCOURSE USE A NONLUBRICATED, CUT-OPEN
CONDOM OR A
DENTAL DAM — A PIECE OF MEDICAL-GRADE LATEX.
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· CONSIDER THE DRUG TRUVADA. 3 THE DRUG
EMTRICITABINE-
TENOFOVIR (TRUVADA) CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF
SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED HIV CONTAMINATION IN HUMAN BEINGS
AT VERY

8. HIGH RISK. YOU WANT TO TAKE IT EACH AND EVERY
DAY. IT
DOESN'T STOP DIFFERENT STIS, SO YOU MAY
NONETHELESS NEED
TO PRACTICE SAFE SEX. IF YOU HAVE HEPATITIS B YOU
BE
EVALUATED WITH THE AID OF AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
OR LIVER
EXPERT EARLIER THAN COMMENCING THERAPY. YOU
WILL WANT
A BLOOD CHECK TO CHECK YOUR KIDNEY FUNCTION
EARLIER
THAN TAKING THIS DRUG.
2 · TELL YOUR SEXUAL PARTNERS IF YOU HAVE HIV.
It's important to
inform all your cutting-edge and previous sexual companions
that you are HIV-
positive. 3 THEY'LL NEED TO BE TESTED.
2 · USE A EASY NEEDLE. IF YOU USE A NEEDLE TO
INJECT DRUGS,
MAKE SURE IT IS STERILE AND DO NOT SHARE IT. TAKE
ADVANTAGE OF NEEDLE-EXCHANGE APPLICATIONS IN
YOUR

9. COMMUNITY AND THINK ABOUT SEEKING ASSIST FOR
YOUR DRUG
USE.
· IF YOU'RE PREGNANT, GET SCIENTIFIC CARE PROPER
AWAY. If you
are HIV-positive, you might also ignore the contamination to
your baby. 2 BUT IF
YOU OBTAIN REMEDY IN THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY,
YOU CAN
CUT YOUR BABY'S CHANCE SIGNIFICANTLY.
· CONSIDER MALE CIRCUMCISION. 4 THERE'S PROOF
THAT MALE
CIRCUMCISION CAN HELP LIMIT A MAN'S DANGER OF
GETTING HIV
INFECTION.
1 EXPLAIN HOW THE GOVERNMENT CAN IMPLEMENT
YOUR PLAN
INTO LAW FOR THE COMMON GOOD.
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10. The government has implied these important preventions for the
public and
community. The government has played its role very well in
reforming and taking
actions on the public and hospitals for the health safety of the
public. The next step is
to spread awareness in people and people should fight and strive
for the prevention
of the AIDS. The government have also taken steps for the
organizations which are
as follows:
· They have provided all the human resource services.
· Budgets for tracking within system of accounting · Transfer of
funds to other
agencies · Providing technology, office space and
communication services.
References
1. 5 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND
PREVENTION. (n.d.-a).
Health disparities in HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, STDs, and TB.
6 RETRIEVED
FROM

11. HTTPS://WWW.CDC.GOV/NCHHSTP/HEALTHDISPARITIES/
AFRICAN
AMERICANS.HTML
2. 2. 5 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND
PREVENTION. (n.d.-b).
7 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH: Know what affects
health. 1
RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.CDC.GOV/SOCIALDETERMINANTS/ 3. 3.
Hall, K. S.,
Sales, J. M., Komro, K. A., & Santelli, J. (2016). 8 THE STATE
OF SEX
EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. JOURNAL OF
ADOLESCENT
HEALTH, 58(6), 595–597. 9
HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2016.03.032
4. 4. Martin, J. A., Hamilton, B. E., Osterman, M. J. K.,
Driscoll, A. K., & Drake, P.
(2018). Births: Final data for 2016. National Vital Statistics
Reports, 67(1).
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12. Citations (9/9)
Matched Text
1 Another student's paper
2 Another student's paper
3 Another student's paper
4 Another student's paper
5 Another student's paper
6 Another student's paper
7 https://www.iom.int/fr/social-determinants-migrant-health
8 Another student's paper
9 Another student's paper
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF
HEALTH IN YOUR COMMUNITY THAT HAS
PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES

13. Source - Another student's paper
Describe a social determinant of health in your
community that has produced health risks and
outcomes
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF
HEALTH IN YOUR COMMUNITY THAT HAS
PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES
Source - Another student's paper
Describe a social determinant of health in your
community that has produced health risks and
outcomes
Page 6 of 13SafeAssign Originality Report
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bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...

14. Suspected Entry: 99% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
DESCRIBE HOW THE COMMUNITY IS
PRESENTLY TACKLING THE PROBLEM
THROUGH THE LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH
DEPARTMENT
Source - Another student's paper
Describe how the community is presently
tackling the problem through the local public
health department
Suspected Entry: 76% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
PROPOSE A RESOLUTION FOR THE
HEALTH RISK AND OUTCOME CAUSED BY
THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS & HOW
THESE ATTRIBUTES WILL BE REDUCED IN
THE SOCIETY
Source - Another student's paper

15. Propose a resolution for the health risk and
outcome caused by the social determinants
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
EXPLAIN HOW THE GOVERNMENT CAN
IMPLEMENT YOUR PLAN INTO LAW FOR
THE COMMON GOOD
Source - Another student's paper
Explain how the government can implement
your plan into law for the common good
Suspected Entry: 63% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.CDC.GOV/SOCIALDETERMIN
ANTS/ 3
Source - Another student's paper
Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/about/about_brfss.ht

16. m
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
TO HELP PREVENT THE SPREAD OF HIV
Source - Another student's paper
To help prevent the spread of HIV
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bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
· USE A NEW CONDOM EVERY TIME YOU
HAVE SEX
Source - Another student's paper
Use a new condom every time you have sex
Suspected Entry: 77% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
WOMEN CAN USE A LADY CONDOM

17. Source - Another student's paper
Women can use a female condom
Suspected Entry: 89% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
OIL-BASED LUBRICANTS CAN WEAKEN
CONDOMS AND REASON THEM TO BREAK
Source - Another student's paper
Oil-based lubricants can weaken condoms and
cause them to break
Suspected Entry: 93% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
DURING ORAL INTERCOURSE USE A
NONLUBRICATED, CUT-OPEN CONDOM OR
A DENTAL DAM — A PIECE OF MEDICAL-
GRADE LATEX
Source - Another student's paper
During oral sex use a nonlubricated, cut-open
condom or a dental dam — a piece of medical-

18. grade latex
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
· CONSIDER THE DRUG TRUVADA
Source - Another student's paper
Consider the drug Truvada
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx Source - Another student's paper
Tell your sexual partners if you have HIV
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· TELL YOUR SEXUAL PARTNERS IF YOU
HAVE HIV
Suspected Entry: 66% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
· USE A EASY NEEDLE

19. Source - Another student's paper
Use a clean needle
Suspected Entry: 82% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
IF YOU USE A NEEDLE TO INJECT DRUGS,
MAKE SURE IT IS STERILE AND DO NOT
SHARE IT
Source - Another student's paper
If you use a needle to inject drugs, make sure
it's sterile and don't share it
Suspected Entry: 77% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF NEEDLE-EXCHANGE
APPLICATIONS IN YOUR COMMUNITY AND
THINK ABOUT SEEKING ASSIST FOR YOUR
DRUG USE
Source - Another student's paper
Take advantage of needle-exchange programs

20. in your community and consider seeking help
for your drug use
Suspected Entry: 74% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
· IF YOU'RE PREGNANT, GET SCIENTIFIC
CARE PROPER AWAY
Source - Another student's paper
If you're pregnant, get medical care right away
Suspected Entry: 68% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
BUT IF YOU OBTAIN REMEDY IN THE
COURSE OF PREGNANCY, YOU CAN CUT
YOUR BABY'S CHANCE SIGNIFICANTLY
Source - Another student's paper
But if you receive treatment during pregnancy,
you can cut your baby's risk significantly
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21. Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
· CONSIDER MALE CIRCUMCISION
Source - Another student's paper
Consider male circumcision
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
USE A NEW CONDOM EVERY TIME YOU
HAVE ANAL OR VAGINAL SEX
Source - Another student's paper
Use a new condom every time you have anal or
vaginal sex
Suspected Entry: 72% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
IF THE USE OF LUBRICANT, MAKE SURE IT
IS WATER-BASED
Source - Another student's paper

22. If using lubricant, make sure it's water-based
Suspected Entry: 86% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
THE DRUG EMTRICITABINE-TENOFOVIR
(TRUVADA) CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED HIV
CONTAMINATION IN HUMAN BEINGS AT
VERY HIGH RISK
Source - Another student's paper
The drug emtricitabine-tenofovir (Truvada) can
reduce the risk of sexually transmitted HIV
infection in people at very high risk
Suspected Entry: 71% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
YOU WANT TO TAKE IT EACH AND EVERY
DAY
Source - Another student's paper
You need to take it every day

23. Page 10 of 13SafeAssign Originality Report
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bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
Suspected Entry: 66% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
IT DOESN'T STOP DIFFERENT STIS, SO
YOU MAY NONETHELESS NEED TO
PRACTICE SAFE SEX
Source - Another student's paper
It doesn't prevent other STIs, so you'll still need
to practice safe sex
Suspected Entry: 72% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
IF YOU HAVE HEPATITIS B YOU BE
EVALUATED WITH THE AID OF AN
INFECTIOUS DISEASE OR LIVER EXPERT
EARLIER THAN COMMENCING THERAPY

24. Source - Another student's paper
If you have hepatitis B you should be evaluated
by an infectious disease or liver specialist
before beginning therapy
Suspected Entry: 74% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
YOU WILL WANT A BLOOD CHECK TO
CHECK YOUR KIDNEY FUNCTION EARLIER
THAN TAKING THIS DRUG
Source - Another student's paper
You will need a blood test to check your kidney
function before taking this drug
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
THEY'LL NEED TO BE TESTED
Source - Another student's paper
They'll need to be tested
Suspected Entry: 77% match

25. Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
THERE'S PROOF THAT MALE
CIRCUMCISION CAN HELP LIMIT A MAN'S
DANGER OF GETTING HIV INFECTION
Source - Another student's paper
There's evidence that male circumcision can
help reduce a man's risk of getting HIV infection
Suspected Entry: 100% match
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bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND
PREVENTION
Source - Another student's paper
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx

26. CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND
PREVENTION
Source - Another student's paper
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Suspected Entry: 63% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.CDC.GOV/NCHHSTP/HEALT
HDISPARITIES/AFRICANAMERICANS.HTML
Source - Another student's paper
Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2018/2
017-STD-surveillance-report.html#Graphics
Suspected Entry: 81% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Source - https://www.iom.int/fr/social-
determinants-migrant-health

27. Social Determinants of Migrant Health
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
THE STATE OF SEX EDUCATION IN THE
UNITED STATES
Source - Another student's paper
The state of sex education in the united states
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH, 58(6),
595–597
Source - Another student's paper
Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(6), 595-597
Page 12 of 13SafeAssign Originality Report
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bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
Suspected Entry: 88% match

28. Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2
016.03.032
Source - Another student's paper
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.032
Kaiser Family Foundation
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SAFEASSIGNCHECKTEST - CSU SAFEASSIGN
PLAGIARISM CHECK TOOL
SafeAssign Originality Report Generator III
Shaundreka Lowery
on Sun, Sep 08 2019, 12:04 PM
48% highest match
Submission ID: 5466e2eb-99a4-44e3-9624-2e95c4bca988
Attachments (1)
Case Study 7.docx
1 DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN

29. YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT HAS PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES.
Addressing the Determinant AIDS
1 DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN
YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT HAS PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES.
Stillwaggon (2000) shows that “HIV/AIDS has developed below
diverse conditions
around the world”. For instance, in the industrialized countries,
‘what commenced as
an epidemic amongst guys who have intercourse with men and
then needle sharing
drug users, is now increasingly concentrated in negative and
marginalized sectors of
the population’. In Africa and South Asia, ‘the AIDS epidemic
is nearly entirely
among heterosexual non-drug users. Latin America represents a
composite of the
(http://safeassign.blackboard.com/)
Case Study 7.docx

30. Word Count: 1,194
Attachment ID: 2097172046
48%
Page 1 of 13SafeAssign Originality Report
9/8/2019https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-
bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
industrial and growing worlds both in its monetary overall
performance and its HIV
epidemics’. While it is acknowledged that “social determinants
of fitness have an
effect on a person’s risk of HIV infection, the velocity with
which HIV contamination
will growth to AIDS and a person’s capability to control and
live with
HIV/AIDS” (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006), these
social determinants can
be categorized in a wide variety of ways. For instance, as
counseled through Pound
stone et al. (2004), these can focus on structural factors, social
factors, character
factors and HIV transmission dynamics. To be useful for
research, programmatic

31. and coverage purposes, the categorizations need to add
explanatory power to the
conceivable pathways between factors and outcomes, and no
longer certainly be a
laundry list of societal aspects. Furthermore, the meaning and
relevance of these
determinants may additionally range notably relying on the
regional context as. For
this cause we will at the beginning evaluation the social
determinants of HIV/AIDS
from a North American (Canada and the USA) unique
perspective, and then from an
emerging markets nations perspective.
1 DESCRIBE HOW THE COMMUNITY IS PRESENTLY
TACKLING THE
PROBLEM THROUGH THE LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH
DEPARTMENT.
Local health department in our society is a non profit
organization. And along with
this local organization some organizations are working same for
the prevention of
AIDS and their roles are as follows:
Because of their capacity to more effortlessly provide services

32. to high-risk groups,
non-governmental agencies (NGOs) will play a quintessential
function in any
profitable AIDS prevention program. Since HIV is often
transmitted via behavior
deemed intimate or taboo, authority’s health officials have a
challenging time
accomplishing the affected group. But NGOs, which have a
lengthy file of
involvement in the area of fitness and social welfare, possess
numerous blessings
over government agencies: 1) they have prosperous ride
working at the community
level; 2) their independent nature approves them to respond
greater quickly; 3) they
have get right of entry to marginalized groups; 4) they generally
work with the target
Page 2 of 13SafeAssign Originality Report
9/8/2019https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-
bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
groups to increase their self-esteem; 5) they can act as a bridge
between the

33. community and the countrywide level; 6) they often appoint
modern methods; and
7) their method of operation permits for cost- effectiveness.
Furthermore, NGOs can
pick out their personal areas of involvement in accordance to
their feasibility,
previous experience, and priorities. NGOs can be instrumental
in offering statistics
on HIV contamination and AIDS to the public especially to
distinctive target group
populations -- the young, girls of reproductive age, prostitutes,
and intravenous drug
users. Additionally, NGOs can work in coverage advocacy, in
offering education for
special groups, in imparting counselling and other help to those
affected by way of
HIV, in screening donated blood, and in caring for AIDS
patients. Though providing
a amazing car for combating the epidemic, NGOs will have to
overcome various
obstacles, which include lack of government support, and lack
of dollars and
resources.
1 PROPOSE A RESOLUTION FOR THE HEALTH RISK AND

34. OUTCOME
CAUSED BY THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS & HOW THESE
ATTRIBUTES WILL BE REDUCED IN THE SOCIETY.
The word “Resolution” used, is really a great word for the
determinant that I have
addressed and diseases similar to this. As per there is no
vaccine cure for aids here
are some prevention that will help to avoid and gradually
decrease it:
2 TO HELP PREVENT THE SPREAD OF HIV:
· USE A NEW CONDOM EVERY TIME YOU HAVE SEX. 3
USE A NEW
CONDOM EVERY TIME YOU HAVE ANAL OR VAGINAL
SEX. 2
WOMEN CAN USE A LADY CONDOM. 3 IF THE USE OF
LUBRICANT,
MAKE SURE IT IS WATER-BASED. 2 OIL-BASED
LUBRICANTS CAN
WEAKEN CONDOMS AND REASON THEM TO BREAK.
DURING ORAL
INTERCOURSE USE A NONLUBRICATED, CUT-OPEN
CONDOM OR A
DENTAL DAM — A PIECE OF MEDICAL-GRADE LATEX.

35. Page 3 of 13SafeAssign Originality Report
9/8/2019https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-
bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
· CONSIDER THE DRUG TRUVADA. 3 THE DRUG
EMTRICITABINE-
TENOFOVIR (TRUVADA) CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF
SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED HIV CONTAMINATION IN HUMAN BEINGS
AT VERY
HIGH RISK. YOU WANT TO TAKE IT EACH AND EVERY
DAY. IT
DOESN'T STOP DIFFERENT STIS, SO YOU MAY
NONETHELESS NEED
TO PRACTICE SAFE SEX. IF YOU HAVE HEPATITIS B YOU
BE
EVALUATED WITH THE AID OF AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
OR LIVER
EXPERT EARLIER THAN COMMENCING THERAPY. YOU
WILL WANT
A BLOOD CHECK TO CHECK YOUR KIDNEY FUNCTION
EARLIER
THAN TAKING THIS DRUG.

36. 2 · TELL YOUR SEXUAL PARTNERS IF YOU HAVE HIV.
It's important to
inform all your cutting-edge and previous sexual companions
that you are HIV-
positive. 3 THEY'LL NEED TO BE TESTED.
2 · USE A EASY NEEDLE. IF YOU USE A NEEDLE TO
INJECT DRUGS,
MAKE SURE IT IS STERILE AND DO NOT SHARE IT. TAKE
ADVANTAGE OF NEEDLE-EXCHANGE APPLICATIONS IN
YOUR
COMMUNITY AND THINK ABOUT SEEKING ASSIST FOR
YOUR DRUG
USE.
· IF YOU'RE PREGNANT, GET SCIENTIFIC CARE PROPER
AWAY. If you
are HIV-positive, you might also ignore the contamination to
your baby. 2 BUT IF
YOU OBTAIN REMEDY IN THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY,
YOU CAN
CUT YOUR BABY'S CHANCE SIGNIFICANTLY.
· CONSIDER MALE CIRCUMCISION. 4 THERE'S PROOF
THAT MALE

37. CIRCUMCISION CAN HELP LIMIT A MAN'S DANGER OF
GETTING HIV
INFECTION.
1 EXPLAIN HOW THE GOVERNMENT CAN IMPLEMENT
YOUR PLAN
INTO LAW FOR THE COMMON GOOD.
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The government has implied these important preventions for the
public and
community. The government has played its role very well in
reforming and taking
actions on the public and hospitals for the health safety of the
public. The next step is
to spread awareness in people and people should fight and strive
for the prevention
of the AIDS. The government have also taken steps for the
organizations which are
as follows:
· They have provided all the human resource services.

38. · Budgets for tracking within system of accounting · Transfer of
funds to other
agencies · Providing technology, office space and
communication services.
References
1. 5 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND
PREVENTION. (n.d.-a).
Health disparities in HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, STDs, and TB.
6 RETRIEVED
FROM
HTTPS://WWW.CDC.GOV/NCHHSTP/HEALTHDISPARITIES/
AFRICAN
AMERICANS.HTML
2. 2. 5 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND
PREVENTION. (n.d.-b).
7 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH: Know what affects
health. 1
RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.CDC.GOV/SOCIALDETERMINANTS/ 3. 3.
Hall, K. S.,
Sales, J. M., Komro, K. A., & Santelli, J. (2016). 8 THE STATE
OF SEX
EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. JOURNAL OF

39. ADOLESCENT
HEALTH, 58(6), 595–597. 9
HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2016.03.032
4. 4. Martin, J. A., Hamilton, B. E., Osterman, M. J. K.,
Driscoll, A. K., & Drake, P.
(2018). Births: Final data for 2016. National Vital Statistics
Reports, 67(1).
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Citations (9/9)
Matched Text
1 Another student's paper
2 Another student's paper
3 Another student's paper
4 Another student's paper
5 Another student's paper
6 Another student's paper
7 https://www.iom.int/fr/social-determinants-migrant-health

40. 8 Another student's paper
9 Another student's paper
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF
HEALTH IN YOUR COMMUNITY THAT HAS
PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES
Source - Another student's paper
Describe a social determinant of health in your
community that has produced health risks and
outcomes
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF
HEALTH IN YOUR COMMUNITY THAT HAS
PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES

41. Source - Another student's paper
Describe a social determinant of health in your
community that has produced health risks and
outcomes
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bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
Suspected Entry: 99% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
DESCRIBE HOW THE COMMUNITY IS
PRESENTLY TACKLING THE PROBLEM
THROUGH THE LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH
DEPARTMENT
Source - Another student's paper
Describe how the community is presently
tackling the problem through the local public
health department

42. Suspected Entry: 76% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
PROPOSE A RESOLUTION FOR THE
HEALTH RISK AND OUTCOME CAUSED BY
THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS & HOW
THESE ATTRIBUTES WILL BE REDUCED IN
THE SOCIETY
Source - Another student's paper
Propose a resolution for the health risk and
outcome caused by the social determinants
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
EXPLAIN HOW THE GOVERNMENT CAN
IMPLEMENT YOUR PLAN INTO LAW FOR
THE COMMON GOOD
Source - Another student's paper
Explain how the government can implement
your plan into law for the common good

43. Suspected Entry: 63% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.CDC.GOV/SOCIALDETERMIN
ANTS/ 3
Source - Another student's paper
Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/about/about_brfss.ht
m
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
TO HELP PREVENT THE SPREAD OF HIV
Source - Another student's paper
To help prevent the spread of HIV
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bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
Suspected Entry: 100% match

44. Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
· USE A NEW CONDOM EVERY TIME YOU
HAVE SEX
Source - Another student's paper
Use a new condom every time you have sex
Suspected Entry: 77% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
WOMEN CAN USE A LADY CONDOM
Source - Another student's paper
Women can use a female condom
Suspected Entry: 89% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
OIL-BASED LUBRICANTS CAN WEAKEN
CONDOMS AND REASON THEM TO BREAK
Source - Another student's paper
Oil-based lubricants can weaken condoms and
cause them to break
Suspected Entry: 93% match

45. Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
DURING ORAL INTERCOURSE USE A
NONLUBRICATED, CUT-OPEN CONDOM OR
A DENTAL DAM — A PIECE OF MEDICAL-
GRADE LATEX
Source - Another student's paper
During oral sex use a nonlubricated, cut-open
condom or a dental dam — a piece of medical-
grade latex
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
· CONSIDER THE DRUG TRUVADA
Source - Another student's paper
Consider the drug Truvada
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx Source - Another student's paper
Tell your sexual partners if you have HIV
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46. 9/8/2019https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-
bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
· TELL YOUR SEXUAL PARTNERS IF YOU
HAVE HIV
Suspected Entry: 66% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
· USE A EASY NEEDLE
Source - Another student's paper
Use a clean needle
Suspected Entry: 82% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
IF YOU USE A NEEDLE TO INJECT DRUGS,
MAKE SURE IT IS STERILE AND DO NOT
SHARE IT
Source - Another student's paper
If you use a needle to inject drugs, make sure
it's sterile and don't share it

47. Suspected Entry: 77% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF NEEDLE-EXCHANGE
APPLICATIONS IN YOUR COMMUNITY AND
THINK ABOUT SEEKING ASSIST FOR YOUR
DRUG USE
Source - Another student's paper
Take advantage of needle-exchange programs
in your community and consider seeking help
for your drug use
Suspected Entry: 74% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
· IF YOU'RE PREGNANT, GET SCIENTIFIC
CARE PROPER AWAY
Source - Another student's paper
If you're pregnant, get medical care right away
Suspected Entry: 68% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx

48. BUT IF YOU OBTAIN REMEDY IN THE
COURSE OF PREGNANCY, YOU CAN CUT
YOUR BABY'S CHANCE SIGNIFICANTLY
Source - Another student's paper
But if you receive treatment during pregnancy,
you can cut your baby's risk significantly
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bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
· CONSIDER MALE CIRCUMCISION
Source - Another student's paper
Consider male circumcision
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
USE A NEW CONDOM EVERY TIME YOU
HAVE ANAL OR VAGINAL SEX

49. Source - Another student's paper
Use a new condom every time you have anal or
vaginal sex
Suspected Entry: 72% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
IF THE USE OF LUBRICANT, MAKE SURE IT
IS WATER-BASED
Source - Another student's paper
If using lubricant, make sure it's water-based
Suspected Entry: 86% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
THE DRUG EMTRICITABINE-TENOFOVIR
(TRUVADA) CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED HIV
CONTAMINATION IN HUMAN BEINGS AT
VERY HIGH RISK
Source - Another student's paper
The drug emtricitabine-tenofovir (Truvada) can

50. reduce the risk of sexually transmitted HIV
infection in people at very high risk
Suspected Entry: 71% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
YOU WANT TO TAKE IT EACH AND EVERY
DAY
Source - Another student's paper
You need to take it every day
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bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
Suspected Entry: 66% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
IT DOESN'T STOP DIFFERENT STIS, SO
YOU MAY NONETHELESS NEED TO
PRACTICE SAFE SEX
Source - Another student's paper

51. It doesn't prevent other STIs, so you'll still need
to practice safe sex
Suspected Entry: 72% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
IF YOU HAVE HEPATITIS B YOU BE
EVALUATED WITH THE AID OF AN
INFECTIOUS DISEASE OR LIVER EXPERT
EARLIER THAN COMMENCING THERAPY
Source - Another student's paper
If you have hepatitis B you should be evaluated
by an infectious disease or liver specialist
before beginning therapy
Suspected Entry: 74% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
YOU WILL WANT A BLOOD CHECK TO
CHECK YOUR KIDNEY FUNCTION EARLIER
THAN TAKING THIS DRUG
Source - Another student's paper

52. You will need a blood test to check your kidney
function before taking this drug
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
THEY'LL NEED TO BE TESTED
Source - Another student's paper
They'll need to be tested
Suspected Entry: 77% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
THERE'S PROOF THAT MALE
CIRCUMCISION CAN HELP LIMIT A MAN'S
DANGER OF GETTING HIV INFECTION
Source - Another student's paper
There's evidence that male circumcision can
help reduce a man's risk of getting HIV infection
Suspected Entry: 100% match
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bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...

53. Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND
PREVENTION
Source - Another student's paper
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND
PREVENTION
Source - Another student's paper
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Suspected Entry: 63% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.CDC.GOV/NCHHSTP/HEALT
HDISPARITIES/AFRICANAMERICANS.HTML
Source - Another student's paper

54. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2018/2
017-STD-surveillance-report.html#Graphics
Suspected Entry: 81% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Source - https://www.iom.int/fr/social-
determinants-migrant-health
Social Determinants of Migrant Health
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
THE STATE OF SEX EDUCATION IN THE
UNITED STATES
Source - Another student's paper
The state of sex education in the united states
Suspected Entry: 100% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH, 58(6),

55. 595–597
Source - Another student's paper
Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(6), 595-597
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bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
Suspected Entry: 88% match
Uploaded - Case Study 7.docx
HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2
016.03.032
Source - Another student's paper
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.032
Kaiser Family Foundation
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56. PUH 5301, Public Health Concepts 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Analyze key public health concepts and principles.
2.1 Discuss how behaviors and attitudes affect public health
outcomes in the community.
4. Explain the role of government regarding public health
practice and policy.
4.1 Evaluate government’s role in implementing laws to curb
social determinants of health issues.
5. Evaluate the impact of social determinants of health on
population health.
5.1 Explain how social determinants of health contribute to
health risks and outcomes in the
community.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
2.1

57. Unit Lesson
Chapter 13: Do People Choose Their Own Health?
Video: CDC: Tips From Former Smokers - Terrie Don't Smoke
Ad
Unit VII Case Study
4.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 14: How Psychosocial Factors Affect Health Behavior
Unit VII Case Study
5.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 13: Do People Choose Their Own Health?
Chapter 14: How Psychosocial Factors Affect Health Behavior
Article: “Identifying the Impact of Social Determinants of
Health on Disease
Rates Using Correlation Analysis of Area-Based Summary
Information”
Video: CDC: Tips From Former Smokers - Terrie Don't Smoke
Ad
Unit VII Case Study
Reading Assignment
Chapter 13: Do People Choose Their Own Health?
Chapter 14: How Psychosocial Factors Affect Health Behavior
Additional Required Materials:

58. In order to access the following resources, click the links
below.
Song, R., Hall, H. I., Harrison, K. M., Sharpe, T. T., Lin, L. S.,
& Dean, H. D. (2011). Identifying the impact of
social determinants of health on disease rates using correlation
analysis of area-based summary
information. Public Health Reports, 126(Suppl 3), 70–80.
Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150132/
UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE
Social Determinants of Health, Health
Disparities, Health Equity, and the
Impact on Community
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150132/
PUH 5301, Public Health Concepts 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014, June 24).
CDC: Tips from former smokers - Terrie don't
smoke ad [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFQ6YoDAoeY

59. Click here to access the transcript for the above video.
Please note: This video includes a very ill woman. If this
disturbs you, please avoid it.
Unit Lesson
Leading Versus Actual Cause of Death
Imagine a type 2 diabetic patient comes to the hospital with
extremely low blood sugar. After the patient has
been stabilized, it is discovered that the patient has not had a
decent meal in three days; the patient is
homeless, living in a high risk community, is unemployed, and
does not have an emergency person to call.
The patient’s type 2 diabetes or medical issue is being
controlled in the hospital, but how will his social issues
be handled, which in part affect his medical outcome?
When pondering on the social determinants of health, in reality
no one determinant is exclusively responsible
for a particular health risk or situation. Social factors usually
make up a complex system of causes and
effects, including biological or genetic factors, which
eventually lead to health outcomes.
While public health officials have focused on infectious disease
in the past, the late 20th century proved that
chronic diseases are on the rise. Heart diseases and cancer, for
example, are the top listed causes of death
in the 21st century, causing public health officials to rethink
strategies of reducing disease in the community

60. (Schneider, 2017). Researchers started to look at the root cause
and not just the leading cause of disease
that results in morbidity and/or mortality.
Researchers began to focus on the genetic and external factors,
including tobacco use, physical inactivity,
poor diet, alcohol abuse, education, and drug abuse, among
other things. This approach brought them to the
actual causes of death, including risky sexual behavior, toxic
agents, firearms, and motor vehicles. For
example, someone in the community could come from an
abusive home. As a result, he starts abusing
tobacco, alcohol, and drugs. He is also on a poor diet because of
his lifestyle and because he cannot keep a
job due to his addictions. Later on, he contracts lung cancer as a
result of his smoking. He falls into
depression and finally commits suicide using a firearm. In a
situation like this, his leading cause of death
would be cancer and depression, but the root or actual cause of
his death would be trauma experienced as a
child; abuse of alcohol, drugs, and tobacco; poor diet; and
firearm.
A breakdown below shows the actual causes of death in present
communities. While this is not an exhaustive
list, it shows how long-term problems and the environment
could lead to many problems:
rdiovascular diseases;
diseases, and cancer;
work injuries, and liver diseases;

61. ncer; and
- and/or
short-term disability.
Reducing Human Health Due to Health Behavior Through
Education and Regulation
Education is extremely important in the quest for a healthy
community. Many people have changed their lifestyles to
healthy ones as a result of education or information about
healthier options, often from a public health official or public
health information. For example, some quit smoking after the
Surgeon General’s office linked smoking to the cause of many
cancer-related fatalities in 1964 (Schneider, 2017). Another
example is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Study, (Education), and Health Care
(Palex66, 2015)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFQ6YoDAoeY
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-
97853156_1
PUH 5301, Public Health Concepts 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

62. requirement for all foods to include labels containing the daily
nutritional value per serving of the prepared
food (Schneider, 2017).
In the last four decades, sex education has been important, yet it
has been controversial among public health
officials and policy makers in the United States (Hall, Sales,
Komro, & Santelli, 2016). With the rising concern
of adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted illnesses,
mainly HIV/AIDS, public health officials have
looked for ways to curb the pandemic (Hall et al., 2016). One of
the ways is through sexual and reproductive
health education classes in schools and communities on
condoms, contraception, and sexually transmitted
infections (STIs).
While education has proven to be successful, there are still
limitations as to who receives the information in
school, and there is controversy as to what is appropriate
content for education in schools (Schneider, 2017).
Texas, for example, has ranked in the top five in the nation for
the highest number of teen births since 2015.
Martin, Hamilton, Osterman, Driscoll, and Drake (2018) posited
that data from Texas showing 31 births per
1,000 women between ages 15-19. More than 80% of school
districts in Texas offer no sex education or
provide abstinence only education (Weissert, 2017). Research
has shown that children provided with sex
education are more proactive than those without sex education.
Another example showing that education
could address problems in society is smoking. As explained
above, smoking has decreased in the United
States due to education, but an alarming one in five people still
smoke (Schneider, 2017).
Education has been extended to advertising. Commercials on

63. television on smoking, driving without a seat
belt, driving while using your phone, and the HPV vaccine are
tools public health officials have used to
educate the communities about certain diseases and behaviors in
the community. One striking video from the
Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is Terrie’s
video of how she was diagnosed with oral and
throat cancer after smoking for most of her life.
To view Terrie’s video, access the link below:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014, June 24).
CDC: Tips from former smokers - Terrie don't
smoke ad [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFQ6YoDAoeY
Click here to access the transcript for the above video.
Please note: This video includes a very ill woman. If this
disturbs you, please avoid it.
Health education is also delivered during doctor visits or by a
doctor recommending a community education
outreach program. Many more physicians are encouraged to
promote patient education and engagement to
improve health literacy specifically on diseases that have been
diagnosed or could potentially be diagnosed
(Paterick, Patel, Tajik, & Chandrasekaran, 2017). When patients
are said to be pre-diabetic, for example, their
physician could educate and try to establish a rapport with them
and make sure that they understand their
health and how to change certain lifestyles, especially eating
healthier and exercising more. The physician
may also refer them to a nutritionist or dietitian to assist in that
process.

64. Every government tries to regulate the behavior of their
communities through the passing and enforcement of
laws. Traffic laws, for example, are meant to reduce the number
of road accidents. Other laws restrain
tobacco and alcohol use in certain areas and during certain
periods (Schneider, 2017). Driving under the
influence and smoking at restaurants or in public areas are
serious crimes, since both can cause harm to
another person.
Like any other laws, there is always some controversy. Many
people attribute gun violence to mental health
rather than the easy ability to purchase guns, the types of guns
purchased, and the first amendment rights to
regulate who can own what type of guns. While these
controversies arise, public health officials are always
working with the government to make sure that the good of the
community is preserved at the end of the day.
One controversy that plagued the late 19th century and the early
20th century was the U.S. Government's
attempt to pass prohibition laws. The prohibition laws attempted
to ban alcohol due to its connection with so
many atrocities in the society like violence, liver problems, and
accidents at work, at home, and on roads
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFQ6YoDAoeY
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-
97853156_1
PUH 5301, Public Health Concepts 4

65. UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
(Schneider, 2017). Despite the efforts by the government to
regulate these unhealthy behaviors, poor diets,
physical inactivity, smoking, and reckless firearm use are still
on the rise.
Dealing With the Social Determinants of Health and Minority
Populations
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are conditions in the
places where a community lives, learns, works,
and plays, and they encompass how that environment
contributes to health risks and outcomes (CDC, n.d.-b).
A poverty-stricken community will have limited access to safe
neighborhoods and healthy foods. Education
rates might also be low as a result of the poverty-stricken area.
Some SDOH include low or no income, poor
education, unstable or poor housing, unsafe neighborhoods, and
unhealthy food. Five determinants of health
generally recognized by Healthy People 2020 include health
services, social environments, physical
environment, individual behavior, and biological or genetic
factors (Office of Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion [ODPHP], n.d.). While working on these SDOH, it
would also be important to work on health equity
and health disparity.
Health disparities are simply impediments that are historically
connected to discrimination or exclusion due to
geographic location, ethnicity or race, religion, mental health,
socioeconomic status, gender, and sexual

66. orientation (CDC, n.d.-b). In 2014 for example, there were
about 14 per 100,000 people diagnosed with
HIV/AIDS, and Blacks or African Americans weighed in at
about 50% (CDC, n.d.-a). In the same year, more
than 55% of patients infected with gonorrhea were diagnosed
among African Americans.
Healthy People 2020 defines health equity as attaining the
highest level of health for an entire community
(ODPHP, n.d.). This would mean everyone in the community
would be equally valued while avoiding
inequalities and contemporary and historical injustice while also
eliminating health disparities.
Socioeconomic status (SES) is an ultimate health predictor. It is
a concept that encompasses occupational
status, education, and income, which most of the time are
intertwined. SES accounts for most of the
differences in health by marital status, race, and gender as well
as education and health insurance. It is
believed that education is the key to healthy behaviors. For
example, 25% of those without a high school
diploma smoked, which is much higher than the rate of those
with at least a bachelor’s degree at 7%
(Schneider, 2017). In addition, 15-20% of the population who
have low SES lack health insurance.
In the United States, ethnicity and race play a role in the overall
health of the population. Life expectancy, for
example, is about 75 years for Blacks, while it is about 79 years
for Whites (Schneider, 2017). Moreover,
Black men die at 2.3 times the rate of White men with prostate
cancer. These SES disparities make it
extremely difficult for public health interventions to be
implemented.

67. Those with low SES are also prone to high levels of stress and
lack of social support, particularly within their
communities. Stress, for example, is a major contributor to
cardiovascular diseases (Schneider, 2017).
Stressors, like large amounts of debt or lack of money, issues
with childcare, unsafe neighborhoods,
undependable cars, and others, contribute to unhealthy habits
due to frustration or depression.
Applying Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Models and
Theories
Public health cannot necessarily change SES status, social
networks/support, and stressors in life, but public
health officials need to understand these SES statuses in order
to provide better interventions for the
community. That usually involves applying theories and
ecological models of health behavior.
The two major theories of health behavior used are the health
belief model and the transtheoretical model of
change. These models are aimed at recognizing factors that
influence people’s health behaviors and using
those factors to identify the likelihood that individuals would
engage in particular behaviors. Such behaviors
include understanding the severity of the change needed and
making those changes. An example is the video
of people suffering from consequences of smoking as seen in
Terrie’s video. These videos play with the
psychological part of individuals’ minds.
The ecological model points specifically to interpersonal
communications, social environment, community,
public policy, and organizational factors that will encourage
healthy or unhealthy behaviors. It does not just
focus on individual factors that could cause unhealthy behaviors

68. but also on the environment. For example,
an individual may be debating about being screened for a
mammogram. Then she may talk to a friend who
PUH 5301, Public Health Concepts 5
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
encourages her to. Then her doctor will refer her to resources in
the community that will assist her in
preparing for the mammogram exam. Then her insurance will
also make sure that it is included in her physical
free of charge. All these factors would contribute to whether she
decides to screen for the exam or not.
Conclusion
Health is a correlation of behavior and attitudes, so public
health officials should be able to understand what
would influence individuals to live healthy or unhealthy lives.
Effective public health interventions should be
able to influence individuals’ beliefs to a certain degree so that
a favorable social environment would be
created to improve healthier behaviors. The San Francisco’s
AIDS prevention program, for example, is a
great intervention program that has successfully reduced the
rates of HIV/AIDS transmission in that
community. This is because the intervention focused on the

69. SDOH in the community before implementing the
intervention.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.-a). Health
disparities in HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, STDs,
and TB. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/healthdisparities/africanamericans
.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.-b). Social
determinants of health: Know what affects health.
Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/
Hall, K. S., Sales, J. M., Komro, K. A., & Santelli, J. (2016).
The state of sex education in the United States.
Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(6), 595–597.
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