1. Italy
!e travel guide
JEE YEON
Published in 1653

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INTRODUCTION
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JEE YEON
Introduction
This book is about the everyday life in modern day. It includes the information
of map of Italy, cities to visit, how to get around, customs and manners, what to
wear, what to see and do, what to eat, how to stay safe and heathy and the famous
people in present time.
Today, there are hundreds of incredible artist, inventors and also has its dark
side covered with poverty, and diseases. It is said that in 1400s in Italy, there was a
largest period of growth and development in the Western Europe. This happening
led Italy to become a wealthy country. Mainly, the trade system is beginning to in-
crease and there is a rumor that the popularity will cause abundance in their
wealth especially in the field of art. For example, literature, paintings, sculptures
and many other fields are blossoming quite well in different places now.
Nowadays the change of art style is so great that people are considering todays
as a fantastic period. Famous artist such as Giotto and Tommaso Masaccio created
new perspectives styles. As the new style has created, new painters are beginning
to make new techniques such as shades of light and dark to create the illusion of
depth. Therefore, when you go to see an art gallery, you will realize that all the
pictures in there look very realistic. On the other hand, Italians merchants are an
expert and professionals, and the products in nowadays is starting to increase.
There are some powerful city-states in Italy, which are Florence, Rome and Ven-
ice. These states are growing up with its own character in today’s period.
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Picture 1: A picture of man taken in these days

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Detailed map of Italy---------------3
2.Cities to visit---------------------------------------4
-Florence, Rome, Venice
3. How to get around--------------------------------7
4. Customs and Manners----------------------------8
-Day to day life, Table manners, Religion
5. What to wear------------------------------------11
6. What to see and do------------------------------14
-Art, Architecture, Music
7. Where to stay-------------------------------------17
8. What to eat--------------------------------------18
-Food and drinks, Recipe
9. How to stay safe and healthy-------------------21
10. Who's who?------------------------------------23
-Leonardo Da Vinci, William Shakespeare
Galileo Galilei, Michelangelo Buonaroti
11. Bibliography-----------------------------------27
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Detailed Map Of Italy
Picture1: Map of today’s Italy, (Thomas Pearcy, Ph.D. and Mary
Dickson, 1997)
3
In 13th century, Italy was consisted of 200 states which were ruled by a city. Only
Florence, Milan and Venice had the most prominent role and Genua, Pisa and Venice
were harbors. These cities were able to invade most of the states that have connec-
tion with the sea.

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Cities To Visit
FLORENCE
Most of the changes in todays happens in the Italian city of Florence. The
writers, artists, architects, and philosophers all are making Florence wonderful cul-
ture these days.
Florence is very interesting place where people can enjoy many things. In
1425, the city had a population of 60,000. Florence is a self-governed and an in-
dependent city-state. There are five main classes of inhabitants – the aristocracy,
the merchants, the soldiers, army and the clergy. While the riches held more
power, the city grew under the merchants. The basis of Florence’s commercial suc-
cess is the trades. The riches and the people held in high positions in the govern-
ment are the most influential people in society, politics and economics in Flor-
ence. Due to of its strong society, trades started to increase wealth and Florence
are still expanding as it thrived.
The most powerful association in Florence is the textile workers. Textile
workers have different type of jobs but they regard their clothing as the most im-
portant part of their process. So, much of Florence’s wealth is relied on the manu-
facture or trade of cloth, particularly good quality of wool. The superior quality of
wool is often purchased from mostly in England and Iberia. Textile workers have
the job to clean, spin, dye, and wove the wool into excellent quality of clothing.
After that, they sell their finished items in Italy. Since Florence is not a port city
like Venice, trading through water is not the primary source of its income. There-
fore, some of the families in Florence are known as the successful bankers.
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Several Italian cities are independent of both the empire and the church.
These cities such as Florence, Rome and Venice is known as having the
highest possibility of trades between Europe and the Middle East. Princi‐
pally, Venice and Florence are the two cities that holds the power and
wealth. However, different countries in Italy are also now gaining their own
technology by improving the art, architecture, and mathematic skills.
Therefore, are you ready to discover the cities in Italy?

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ROME
Rome is an attractive place where people can relax. The population in this
day of Rome is about 55000. In the beginning of 15th century, the city of Rome
was unoccupied because of the transfer of the papal court to Avignon, in France. It
caused a severe economic crisis as the problem got more serious. This has forced
the population to abandon the city. However, as the Pope Martin V re-established
the Papal in Rome, the city began to born in a new city again. By the end of the
15th century, it began to be a great capital.
Rome is the center of innovations and developments in architecture and art.
Artists and architects in Rome reached the pinnacle of their respective disciplines
and many new buildings started to change to the face of Rome’s landscape. The
Sistine Chapel is the most representative example of the Architectures nowadays. It
is decorated with extraordinary frescoes along the walls. Its fame came from Mi-
chelangelo’s work, which is all up on the ceiling. Another great Renaissance artist
in Vatican was Raphael. He decorated lots of rooms in the Vatican, while Miche-
langelo painted the ceiling of Sistine chapel. They are all regarded as the famous
painters, and still many other painters are following their techniques to make an
attempt to create their own style.
Together with the art and architecture, the Rome plays a significant role in
this period, showing various of types form of decorations in different places.
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Picture 1: View of Rome in 1493

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Venice played an unique role in the
past. In 1400’s, the city had a population of
110,000. Just as with Florence, Venice was
a republic during the Renaissance. Venice
had a stable political climate and thriving
trade economy and both of them survived
outbreaks of the Black Death and the fall of
major trading partner.
Art in Venice is mostly representa-
tional. Schools are the most important to all
the people in Florence. It is beneficial and
have professional educations especially in
the field of art. Speaking about these days
art in Venice, it is like speaking about the
famous artists that had done their work in
this city. In fact, many Venetian artists still
take inspiration from Raffaello and Miche-
langelo, who were considered high-status
artists. Venetian painters are keenly inter-
ested in the relationship between light and
color. They also have a distinct method of
brushwork. Their art works are so amazing
that they all look strange as if they are really
alive. From different famous painters, Venice
is going be birthed to a distinct school of
painting.
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VENICE
Picture 1: Venice in Italy
Picture 2: Venice in Italy

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How To Get Around
BY LAND
Land transportation is considered as the easiest way to get things done
quickly. Most of the noblemen or merchants ride in carriages and on horse to
travel around. Some wealthiest are carried on a litter. However, horses are very
expensive for average person, so the horses are rarely use for personal transporta-
tion for the poor. They generally ride an ox and the next step would be a donkey.
More often, people walked between the towns. Roads are very rocky and are dan-
gerous; it is not straight enough to travel around by land. Common vehicles for
traveling on land in today’s Italy include horses, pack mules, wagons and for the
wealthy, and coaches.
BY WATER
Water transportation is the cheapest form of transportation at this moment in
time. Since the source of the power and wind are free, transporting by land is used
for most of the trade between the countries by farmers. Merchants, missionaries
and soldiers are the most likely to use sea travel currently in Italy. As trade and ex-
ploration increased, overseas travel became more popular. Even though the ship-
ping is very popular, the problems that everybody considered are the weather.
Storms and harmful weather could easily sink a ship are always a problem to them
while they arre on the sea to travel.
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It is very hard to get around these days. There are lots of bumpy grounds
and has no any advanced technology on the roads. However, despite the
fact that the grounds are not yet developed, the primary method of moving
around is on foot or the horseback. The sea routes were used for importing
the goods from distance places. In order to get to know this well, I recom‐
mend you to take a chance to ride the horse!

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Customs And Manners
DAY-TO-DAY LIFE
Women
The women in this day generally are bearers of kids and keeping the house-
holds. Women are the most influential people now, filling a greater variety of pro-
fessional jobs, and have more responsibilities. The duties of women are varied and
arduous. Only a few wealthy women are able to escape from these jobs, which
includes making clothes. After the 13th century, women are no longer having the
responsible to make production of basic supplies because these productions be-
came male trades. Women started to focus on one or two jobs, which included
carding and spinning wool. Since the women have less freedom of movement in
lower classes, they have overwhelming duties and took lots of responsibilities than
the men. Women are always stressed by the physical strains, childbearing and by
countless hard labor to take care for family. Sometimes, the wife of craftsman had
the ability to take over the shop when her husband was dead. Moreover, through
marriage or as their father’s heir, women occasionally rose above their roles. A few
women made their way to successful painters and sculptors. They took over the
business because the jobs needed high grade of technical achievement.
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Customs and Manners are the most important factors presently. People fol‐
low rules in each situations and they have different life. It is so awesome to
find out how people live in these times.
Picture 1: Italian Women

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Children
Children in these days are very vulnerable to disease and death. Many chil-
dren in wealthy family dies of illness. However, those children who survived from
illness are extremely lucky. Then, the mother of that child is lucky to end up with
one grown child. In addition, the parents usually die at the age of thirty, leaving
children to grow up without both parents. It is said that the death of children and
adults is considered to be a matter of destiny. It happen so often that people be-
lieve this is a normal occasion.
Children have no rights when they are born. In some cases, children could
be sold to make money by parents. Each of the children from different status had
different rights. If the child is a peasant, they will be working in the kitchen. Mid-
dle class children whose parents are merchants will be beginning to learn how to
trade with others. Noble daughters learn how to accomplish and attractive in order
to earn profitable marriage arrangement for their families.
The educations for children during Renaissance become more important and
popular. Primarily, the noble children often studied for six hours per day and went
to university at the age of fifteen. However, the boy’s education is more extensive
than the girls. Different classes of children learnt different things. Privileged fami-
lies had their children to learn Latin, Greek, logic, and philosophy.
TABLE MANNERS
The food in is always served in a long wooden plate. The riches have some
types of metal or silver plates instead of wooden ones. Middle classes have
wooden plates and few of them have metal plates. Of course, the very poor had
their food in a wooden plate. All of the people surround by the table eat from
these different types of trenchers by scooping out food with their fingers. However,
the people aren’t entirely without table manners in modern days. They have few
general rules that were expected to follow in dinner time which are:
- No spitting across the table.
- No dipping meat directly into the salt dish.
- No picking ones teeth with a finger or knife.
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RELIGION
The Catholic Church is dominant in
most of the states in Europe. The church is
the center of all community life, because
the clergymen are the only ones in a town
who are able to write. As the technology
start to develop, the church played a key
role in the center of people’s life and shel-
ter from wars and plague. However, there
are some major factors that wakened the
church’s influence includes the Rise of
Humanism, the invention of the Printing
Press and the work of individual Reform-
ers.
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POLITICS
Variety of different types of government
exists in Italy, but for the most part, aristo-
cratic families rules the politics. The major
political accomplishment In Italy is the es-
tablishment of effective government. North-
ern Europe are rising of national monarchies
headed by kings, especially in England and
France. Italy’s rise of the territorial city-state
often are headed by wealthy families. The
chain of being concept provid different cities
for the authority of such rulers. Other ideals
and values that represent in the literature are
even considered as the important thing. It is
the movement known as “Humanism“ that
express most fully the values of the Italy
nowadays.
Picture 1: Italian church
Picture 2: One of the politicians in
Italy

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What To Wear
The clothing is spoken much about the social standing of the wearer. Clothing
is a symbol of “status”. By looking at the clothes in Italy, one could easily distin-
guish between aristocracy or nobility and the lower classes. Wearing clothes is ex-
tremely important for people currently.
The rich wear fabrics such as velvet, satin and cotton, while the poor wear
flannel and other types of clothing. Cotton is regarded as a rich person’s clothing.
In these days, cotton wis not easily available and it os imported from India and
America. Since clothing would keep possession of value and have significant so-
ciol importance, people pawn them if hard times came. Even the kings and the
queens pawned their clothing too.
Picture 3: German noble ladies,
early 15th century
Picture 1: ]Italian clothing, 1st half
of 15th century
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In these days, fashion mirrors the advancing culture, as increasing trade
made more clothing materials available. Different classes of people wear
different types of clothing. They have jewelry and furs to decorate them‐
selves. It is amazing that today’s clothes have different styles and its mean‐
ing.
Picture 2: Italian fancy dress

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Men’s clothing are simple looking and clear.
Most of the men in Italy commonly wear boots,
pants, shirt, a vest and a hat.. The initial focus was
square fashion, and not it is changing into a barrel
look. To achieve the appropriate the square look,
the coat is widened at the shoulders, shoes are
square toed and a wide hat is used to complete the
square look.
Picture 1:
Men’s clothing,
(Charlene Christmon, Mario
Hunter, and Raquel
Nash,1997)
Picture 2:
Women’s clothing,
(Charlene Christmon, Mario
Hunter,
and Raquel Nash,1997)
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As there are some different levels of clothes, men and women wear dissimi‐
lar clothes as well. Men’s had its characteristics and the women’s had its
characteristics too.
Women have their own styles in Italy, as clothing
fashion became popular. The women generally braid
their long hair and the curls are a mark of their
beauty. Women commonly wore shoes, an over and
under skirt, a shirt, a bodice, and a hat or snood
Women’s hair coverings go from the pointed cone
style with no hair to show to the others. As the time
passed, covering is introduced, which called a cap.
The weather and age determines if they have to
cover their head. Mostly, the older women wear
caps but the younger ones don’t unless the weather
is bad. Wigs craft from peasant’s hair are also very
popular in these days.

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Italian wedding dress is made of rich fabrics and jewels. Some of them are
more extravagant, having a lot of details and intricate design to look prettier. These
kind of dresses are expensive these days, which requires excellent skills to make.
When people go to the wedding they usually wear finest clothing. Usually, the
bride make her hair down and add a circlet of flowers to look pretty. However, the
white was not a wedding color until much later.
Italian clothes are such an important thing that upper classes of nobility and ar-
istocracy would spend all their money on what they wear everyday. The women
decorates their dresses really pretty in their style. Clothing is not only limited to
England, which Queen Elizabeth is ruling, but the influence is spreading to the
European countries such as Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Flanders and Poland.
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Picture 1: Italian wedding dress
with beautiful patterns
Picture 1: Italian wedding dress

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What To See And Do
ART
Arts is very important part in todays life. There are many famous artists alive
working on different artworks. Their aim is to show human beauty and life’s pleas-
ures in their paintings. Most of its arts are more lifelike than other paintings. Often
the backgrounds are painted in the natural world. Renaissance painters not only
portray objects, they often filled their canvases with more objects and depict accu-
rately as possible. Famous artists studies different things such as perspective, or the
differences in the way things look. They consider things about when they are close
or far away to something. As a result, all of the artist in modern times have their
paintings a dept of meaning.
GIOTTO DI BONDONE
Giotto Di Bondone was one of the first to paint in this new style of looking
close and far away. He was from Florence and he lived more than a century before
the beginning of the Renaissance. In the paintings that he drew, the bodies look
solid, and the background shows the style of perspective.
Picture 1: 15 Masaccio Tribute Money,(Maurice Lamouroux,1998)
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The most interesting part of the Italy are the art, architecture and musics.
Each of them play an important role in present time. There are still many
artist and architects working on their work. I hope you go to Leonardo Da
Vinci’s art gallery to enjoy yourself!

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LEONARDO DA VINCI
Leonardo Da Vinci was also the most famous artist during the Renaissance pe-
riod. He was born in 1452 in the Village of Vinci. He began to work in Florence
for master painter. He started to set up his own workshop. He drew famous paint-
ings such as Mona Lisa, which people have been trying to guess the secret behind
Mona Lisa’s smile. He was truly a “Renaissance Man” because he was skillful in
several of fields. He was a scientist and an inventor as well as an artist. He in-
vented different machines, and he even designed wings that he hoped a person fly
like a bird.
MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI
Furthermore, another famous artist was called Michelangelo Buonarroti. He
was also a truly “Renaissance Man” because he was also talented in many fields.
His paintings cover the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, the building where new
popes are selected for more than five hundred years. His painting describes the
Book of Genesis.
Picture 1: The Last Supper, the picture
that Leonardo Da Vinci drew
Picture 2: The Creation of Adam,
the picture that Michelangelo
Buonarroti drew
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ARCHITECTURE
There are many great architectures that you can see around the cities in flor-
ence. Famous artist often decorate the building with different styles of paintings.
Wealthy people in Italy use Roman style, building the four sides of their homes
around a courtyard. Simple shapes and decorations were applied to the buildings
and some of the buildings featured ancient temples.
Architects also use different method of building host of architectures. Italian ar-
chitects doesn’t use the shape of a cross as a basis for their structures of the build-
ing. Instead of using the shape of a cross, they base the building on the circle.
People say that ancient mathematicians drew circles with geometric perfection.
circles usually represent the perfection of the God.
MUSIC
Music is one of people’s interest in Italy. People figured out as they attempt to
make different pitches on stringed instruments by using different proportions. For
example, if it is dived of 2:1, the sound will be an octave above the original tone.
By doing these activities, musicians tries to make their own music.
Composers found out that making music sound happy for words of joy and
grief. When they learn about the Greek drama, with music, this brought the audi-
ence to deep feelings of sadness with tears. Music are often played during these
days to have both fun and relax.
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Picture 1: Italian florence duomo
Picture 2: One of the Italian architecture in these
days

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Where To Stay
PRIVATE HOMES
There are very few inns when you look around in Italy. If you want to visit Italy, you
should ask a stranger people to stay at least one day. Once you are inside the house, you
can see a barn because people in Italy used to raise pigs, chickens and cattle. A storage
for saving crops is also could be found inside the house. It is better to think of yourself
not a guest to a house. It is said that people should be welcoming people who wants to
stay in their house. Most of the people in Italy have good manner, which means that visi-
tors will accept the offer to host. However, the poor live in shacks with roofs that lets
rain, snow and other extreme harsh conditions to come in. Since, they have so little
money, they use logs to consider to be a bed for them. They also didn’t have any beds to
take care of themselves. In contrast, the wealthy people have wooden beams hold up in
the ceilings. Expensive tiles and carpet are covered on the floor. Compare between the
poor and rich, they have a huge differences of living conditions.
PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS
You can also have the opportunity to find Inns in outside of countryside. In some ar-
eas in Italy, the competition with the inn workers is so thought that they may carry your
bags to their inn. Therefore, you should keep your eyes open to find a good inn. Good
inns are partially in colorful designs. Tiny inns may have just of a branch or piece of
grapevine hanging on the door. Some inns are nice and clean but many inns are very
dirty. There are lots of rumors that Innkeepers are known as robberies and murders who
can rob anything while you are outside of the inn. You should be careful of this when
you want to visit Italy.
MONASTERY
Monastery is a place where monks live. Whenever visitors want to borrow a room,
they give out supplements that they need, which include clothes, food and bed. How-
ever, if the visitor is very rich, they have to donate to them. It is very interesting to learn
that monastery have unique rules.
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In the present day, there are very few inns can be found. People usually go
to stranger’s home to spend at least one day. However, people often wel‐
come the guests to spend for few days at their own house. You don’t have
to worry if you want to book for a room.

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What To Eat
FOOD AND DRINKS
Italian food is as sophisticate and complicate for people who doesn’t know how
to cook well. The food is always prepare to please both the palate and the eye.
Root vegetables such as carrots and caraway are the most popular food. As-
paragus is only the finest tables that could be afford to serve it. Salads such as en-
dive, chicory and lettuce are also popular food.
Moreover, fruit is also the most popular type food presently. It is believed that
raw fruit was poisonous so people didn’t eat most of raw fruits. Fruit is served as a
last course which is the fruit course. The most common fruit dishes include mar-
malades and compotes.
Especially the soups are very rich, expensive. In order to please the eye and the
taste, they are made of various colors and sweetened with sugar. The soup is very
tasty and is taken instead of sweets. There are different types of soups made with
mustard, millet and verjuice. Due to of its great value, the French are known as the
greatest soup-eaters in todays.
In the 15th Century, the customs of salads after roasts are established. It con-
tained several mixtures, such as cooked vegetables, crests, livers and brains. After
eating the salads, fish is served; sometimes it is fried and sometimes sliced with
eggs. The food in these days are so delicious that people usually have fun in most
of the lunch or dinner time.
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Italy is developing their food nowadays. People started to make new reci‐
pes to cook. There are some recipes shown below to help you, and if you
want to create it by yourself, then try it in your house and enjoy it!

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RECIPE
The cooking in nowadays is not easy. Dishes are made up with strange spices
and dangerous ingredients. Usually cooks use many of same type of ingredients
that are very healthy for them. The dishes and recipes we prepare are neither in-
edible nor dangerous, but it is really tasty and delicious that includes different
nourishment such as meats, grains, fruits and vegetables. Their most tasty dishes
are sauces, stews, pies, roasts and soups are just as good and enjoyable to eat.
However, the hardest part of creating Renaissance food is often getting to know
the recipes of different kinds of food. Especially, the measurements are strictly re-
quired differently.
Picture 1:Gutting a Hare early 16th
century, (Hans Burgkmair) Picture 2: c 1490 kitchen scene
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This is how the recipe looks (how to make a gingerbread)
Gingerbread
•
1 c honey
•
1 c breadcrumbs
•
1 t ginger
•
1/4 t pepper
•
1/4 t saunders
•
1 T sugar
•
30-40 whole cloves (~ 1 t) (or 5 t sugar, pinch powdered cloves)
Bring honey to a boil, simmer two or three minute, stir in breadcrumbs with a
spatula until uniformly mixed. Remove from heat, stir in ginger, pepper, and saun-
ders. When it is cool enough to handle, knead it to get spices thoroughly mixed.
Put it in a box (I used a square corning-ware container with a lid), squish it flat and
thin, sprinkle with sugar and put cloves ornamentally around the edge. Leave it to
let the clove flavor sink in; do not eat the cloves. An alternative way of doing it is
to roll into small balls, roll in sugar mixed with a pinch of cloves, then flatten them
a little to avoid confusion with hais. This is suitable if you are making them today
and eating them tomorrow.
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Picture 2: Renaissance cookingPicture 1: Renaissance cooking

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How To Stay Healthy
DISEASES AND DANGERS
Plague and different kinds of disease in England are destroying almost half of
the population in the country. The plague is one of the worst things that killed
most of the people in the past years. It still kills many people in nowadays who is
very sick. Very few of the people survived from this disease and nobody could en-
dure this hard situation. Since, there are no other medicines to cure the disease,
people are having hardships. This disease is spreading rapidly in cities, where
people stay all together. The only way to avoid disease is to leave the city. How-
ever, this is only available for the wealthy to have the long trip.
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Picture 1: The bubonic plague (Black Death)
There are some rumors that when the
disease increase to its point where peo-
ple increasingly start to die out, it will
cause a serious economic depression. In
these days, people in the modern days
worry about the fact that will cause
them a critical problem. The merchants,
bankers, suppliers, and shippers all lost
revenue as the hardship spread
throughout the community. However, as
the incidence of plague started to go
down, population started to increase,
creating more new demand for goods
and services.
In modern days, there are a host of diseases spreading around the Europe.
These disease are very harmful to us and we are able to get this very easily.
I recommend to you to be careful especially in the cities, where people stay
together. Since, there are lots of people who are sick, you will be also in‐
fected in some cases.

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Who’s Who?
Leonardo Da Vinci is born on April
15, 1452, in Vinci, Italy. Leonardo Da Vinci
means “Leonardo from the town of Vinci,”
and therefore he is generally referred to in
short as “Leonardo” rather than as “ Da
Vinci”. Growing up in his father’s home,
Leonard access to scholarly texts. He had
usual elementary education reading at this
hometown. At the age of 17, Leonardo and
his father moved to Florence, where he was
able to meet Verrocchio. His brilliance soon
eclipsed that of his master. In 1472, Leon-
ardo became a member of the painter’s
guild of Florence, where he could meet an-
other great artist including Michelangelo
Buonarroti.
In 1481, Leonardo left Florence for
Milan to enter the service of the duke of Mi-
lan. During this time, he painted the Virgin
of the Rocks and Last supper. By the time of
1499, Leonardo left Milan to Venice, where
he consulted architecture from 1495 to
1499. During the period between 1503 and
1506, while working primarily in Florence,
he painted Mona Lisa. Leonardo died on
May 2, 1519 in Cloux, France.
22
There are many artist and architects that are famous. The most famous and
are known painters are Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti.
The greatest writer is William Shakespeare and the astronomer is Galileo
Galilei. They are not only an important part of people in Renaissance, but
also the people who left us with so many works to enjoy and learn. Let’s
look at them and figure out how smart they are!
LEONARDO DA VINCI
Picture 1: The portrait of Leonardo Da
Vinci

24. RENAISSANCE
JEE YEON
INTRODUCTION
RENAISSANCE
JEE YEON
William Shakespeare was born in 1564 at
Stratford-upon-Avon. From the age of seven to
14, he went to Stratford Grammar School receiv-
ing an excellent rounded education. When he
was 18, he married Anne Hathaway. He en-
dured her as long as enough and fled to London
to become an actor. Then, he became an actor-
manager and part-owner in the Black-friars. He
was the first-rate actor. His plays are thought to
be the high quality ever written in any language
forms.
He wrote about 37 plays in different types
such as historical romances, light, fantastic
comedies, and tragedies. He was excellent busi-
ness man, creating various
Shakespeare’s success in London theatre en-
abled him to retire and return to his home in
1610. He lived there until his death on April 23,
1616
23
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
Picture 1: The Portrait of William
Shakespeare
Picture 2: The Global
Theater where William
Shakespeare showed his
plays

25. RENAISSANCE
JEE YEON
INTRODUCTION
RENAISSANCE
JEE YEON
Galileo was born in Pisa, Italy on February 15,
1564. Galileo began his studies in medicine at the
University of Pisa. However, he soon to realized
that he had a talent for mathematics. Afterwards,
he became a professor of mathematics.
In1609, Galileo learned of the invention of the
telescope. While learning the telescope, he con-
structed a huge superior model. Galileo discov-
ered different discoveries using his new telescope,
including the Moon, the planet Jupiter and the
planet Jupiter. He found out that the Moon was not
smooth but bumpy and uneven - just like the Earth
that we are living in. He then invented newly in-
vented telescope to discover the four different of
the moons of planets and studied sunspots on the
Sun.
Galileo’s observations made people to believe
that all other planted revolve around the Sun.
Most of the popel in Galileo’s time believed that
the Earth was the center of the universe and the
Sun and other planets revolved around it. Galileo
continued his study of astronomy and become
more aware that all planets revolved around the
Sun. In 1632, his book 'Dialogue Concerning the
Two Chief World Systems' was published. This
shows the arguments for and against the Coperni-
can theory in the form of a discussion between
two men. Later, he became blind and immobile at
the age of 72. He died on January 8, 1642.
24
GALILEO GALILEI
Picture 1: The Portrait of Galileo Galilei
Picture 2: Galileo Galilei’s
discovery of the universe

26. RENAISSANCE
JEE YEON
INTRODUCTION
RENAISSANCE
JEE YEON
Michelangelo Buonarroti was born on March
6, 1475 in the village of Caprese, Italy. He was
one of the most important artists in Renaissance
period. At the age of 12, he received education
from Domenico Ghirlandaio. However, he soon
began to study another field, sculpture. He had
great ability to get attention of Lorenzo de Me-
dici, who was the ruler of Florence. He spent
the years from 1494 to 1501 in Venice, where
he fist started to build his statue called ‘La Pietà.’
Subsequently, Michelangelo returned to Flor-
ence, where he produced the sculpture ‘David.’
From 1508 to 1512, Michelangelo worked on
his most famous project, the ceilling of the
Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. Later, he painted
“The Last Judgement” on the wall of the Sistine
Chapel.
Toward the end of his life, Michelangelo
were more interested in architecture and poetry.
He died in Rome and February 18, 1564.
25
MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI
Picture 1: The Portrait of Michelan-
gelo Buonarroti
Picture 2: One of the Michelangelo
Buonaroti’s painting, called “The Last
Judgement”, painted in 1534

27. RENAISSANCE
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INTRODUCTION
RENAISSANCE
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Web. 9 Oct. 2009. <http://www.tours-italy.com/rome-about-renaissance_history_rome.htm>.
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2009. Web. 9 Oct. 2009.
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10. Shea, Lisa. "Transportation and Horses - Life in Medieval Days." Lisa Shea - Origami, Para-
keets, Birding. Minerva WebWorks LLC, 2009. Web. 9 Oct. 2009.
<http://www.lisashea.com/lisabase/writing/medieval/transportation.html>.
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Ages through the 1500s. | Suite101.com." W European History: Roman conquest to Viking inva-
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Oct. 2009. <http://weuropeanhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/renaissance_table_manners>.
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26

28. RENAISSANCE
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INTRODUCTION
RENAISSANCE
JEE YEON
13. Joanne, Amanda, and Vlad. "R e n a i s s a n c e Daily life Children in the Renaissance."
Oracle ThinkQuest Library. C006522 ThinkQuest team, 14 Aug. 2000. Web. 10 Oct. 2009.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/C006522/life/children.php>.
14. Joanne, Amanda, and Vlad. "R e n a i s s a n c e Religion Overview." Oracle ThinkQuest Li-
brary. C006522 ThinkQuest team, 14 Aug. 2000. Web. 10 Oct. 2009.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/C006522/religion/overview.php>.
15. "Introduction to the Renaissance." English Department, Brooklyn College, 30 Mar. 2009.
Web. 10 Oct. 2009. <http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/ren.html>.
16. "Renaissance clothing." A Parent's Guide to Internet Safety :Indianchild.com.
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<http://www.indianchild.com/dresses/renaissance_clothing.htm>.
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tional, 2005. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. <http://www.realarmorofgod.com/renaissance-fashion.html>.
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19. Dowling, Mike. "Renaissance Art." Browse the World at mrdowling.com. MrDowling.com, 1
Jan. 1999. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. <http://www.mrdowling.com/704-art.html>.
20. "Renaissance -- Symmetry, Shape, Size." Teacher Professional Development and Teacher Re-
sources by Annenberg Media. Annenberg Media, 1997. Web. 11 Oct. 2009.
<http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/symmetry_sub.html>.
21. "Renaissance Food." Renaissance Art, Artists, and Society. 2007. Web. 12 Oct. 2009.
<http://www.renaissance-spell.com/Renaissance-Food.html>.
22. Brown, Lorri. "Popular Renaissance Foods: New Foods From the Americas Were Introduced
During the Renaissance | Suite101.com." W European History: Roman conquest to Viking inva-
sions, Renaissance to Scientific and Industrial Revolutions, European Union to the War on Terror,
Denmark to Portugal, Iceland to Germany. | Suite101.com. Suite101, 6 May 2007. Web. 12 Oct.
2009. <http://weuropeanhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/popular_renaissance_foods>.
23. "Italian Renaissance Food." Translation Services | Interpreters | Intercultural Communication |
Cross Cultural Training. Kwintessential. Web. 12 Oct. 2009.
<http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/articles/article/Italy/Italian-Renaissance-Food/1313>.
24. "Eating in the Renaissance." RENAISSANCE. Web. 12 Oct. 2009.
<http://www.internal.schools.net.au/edu/lesson_ideas/renaissance/renaissance_cookery_wksht.h
tml>.
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berty, 16 Dec. 2007. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://socyberty.com/history/the-black-death-2/>.
27

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JEE YEON
INTRODUCTION
RENAISSANCE
JEE YEON
26. "Renaissance -- Out of the Middle Ages." Teacher Professional Development and Teacher
Resources by Annenberg Media. Annenberg Media, 1997. Web. 13 Oct. 2009.
<http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/middleages.html>.
27. Chew, Robin. "Leonardo da Vinci | Renaissance Artist and Inventor." Lucidcafé Interactive
Café and Information Resource. 12 Aug. 2009. Web. 13 Oct. 2009.
<http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96apr/leonardo.html>.
28. "Leonardo da Vinci | Renaissance Man." Museum of Science, Boston | Home. Museum of
Science. Web. 13 Oct. 2009. <http://www.mos.org/leonardo/bio.html>.
29. "Stratford-upon-Avon for Accommodation, Touring, Dining, Walking..." Stratford-upon-Avon
- ideal guide for tourist accommodation, restaurants, country inns, sight-seeing and more. Quin-
Solve Ltd. Web. 13 Oct. 2009. <http://www.stratford-upon-avon.co.uk/soawshst.htm>.
30. Kniery, Maria, and Ruthie Minor. "William Shakespeare." Springfield Public Schools - Home.
English Department Springfield High School. Web. 13 Oct. 2009.
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31.Dejoie, Joyce, and Elizabeth Libby Truelove. "Galileo Galilei." StarChild: A Learning Center
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<http://www.michelangelo-buonarroti.info/>.
28

30. RENAISSANCE
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Italian Renaissance – Travel Guide
Grade 9
Assessment Criteria
September ‘09
Criterion A: Knowledge
Maximum 10
Achievement level
Level descriptor
0
The student does not reach a standard described by any of the descriptors given below.
1–2
The use of terminology is inconsistent or incorrect.
Facts and examples are either absent, or those used are irrelevant or do not show understanding.
3–4
The use of terminology is mostly accurate and usually appropriate, though some errors remain.
Facts and examples used are mostly relevant, and usually show understanding.
5–6
Terminology is used accurately and appropriately.
Relevant facts and examples are used to show understanding.
The student provides accurate descriptions; explanations are adequate but not well developed.
7–8
A range of terminology is used accurately and appropriately.
A range of relevant facts and examples are used to show understanding.
9–10
The student shows an excellent command of a wide range of terminology, and uses it appropriately. An extensive range of rele-
vant facts and examples are used to show understanding.
Criterion C: Skills
Maximum 10
Achievement level
Level descriptor
0
The student does not reach a standard described by any of the descriptors given below.
1–2
The student can select and use some relevant information..
The student attempts to carry out investigations, demonstrating few skills.
3–4
The student selects and uses mostly relevant information.
The student demonstrates basic investigative skills.
5–6
The student selects and uses relevant information.
The student demonstrates adequate investigative skills.
7–8
The student selects and uses a range of relevant information.
The student demonstrates effective investigative skills.
9–10
The student selects and uses a wide range of relevant information.
The student demonstrates sophisticated investigative skills.

31. RENAISSANCE
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INTRODUCTION
RENAISSANCE
JEE YEON
Criterion D: Organization and presentation
Maximum 8
Achievement level
Level descriptor
0
The student does not reach a standard described by any of the descriptors given below.
1–2
The student communicates information that may not always be relevant.
The student attempts to structure the work, but it may be unclear and/or inappropriate to the format required.
Presentation is unclear and imprecise. There may be some evidence of documentation.
3–4
The student communicates information that is mostly relevant.
The student attempts to structure and sequence the work but is not always successful.
Presentation is occasionally unclear.
Sources of information are documented, though there may be omissions or consistent errors in adhering to conventions.
5–6
The student communicates information that is relevant.
The student uses a structure appropriate to the task and sequences the content logically.
Presentation is clear; attention is paid to the audience and purpose in terms of appropriate language, style and visual represen-
tation.
Sources of information are documented, with occasional errors in adhering to conventions.
7–8
The student communicates information that is always relevant.
The student organizes information into a well-developed and logical sequence, appropriate to the format required.
Presentation is clear, concise and effective, and the language, style and visual representation used are always appropriate to
the audience and purpose.
All sources of information are documented according to a recognized convention.
Modi%ied from the IBO MYP Humanities guide

32. RENAISSANCE
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INTRODUCTION
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JEE YEON
My Travel Guide – Final Checklist
Name: __________________ Date: __________
Use this checklist before you hand in your travel guide!
Does your travel guide have a cover page?
Does your travel have an introduction with basic information about the renaissance
(Who? What? Where? When? Why?)?
Have you included detailed information on
a) which cities to visit (Florence, Rome, and Venice)
b) how to get around (by land and by water)
c) local customs and manners
d) what to wear
e) what to see and do
f) what to eat and drink
g) how to stay safe and healthy
h) who’s who in the Renaissance (4 PEOPLE)
Did you write your information in paragraphs?
Does each paragraph have a topic sentence?
Does each paragraph have supporting sentences?
Are all the supporting sentences relevant (important)?
Did you use connectors to connect your ideas? (e.g., First, in addition, furthermore, etc)
Did you include a correct bibliography? See homework diary for help.
Does each section of your travel guide have a heading?
Does your travel guide have useful pictures or graphics that help us understand the
Renaissance period better?
Did you use the same font for similar points?
Did you revise and edit your travel guide?
Will other people be interested in reading your travel guide?