What is DevOps? A lot of people think it means a lot of different things. We tend to think it has two complimentary aspects: culture and technology changes. Culture is what creates DevOps, technology enables it. Thanks, Kelly Goetsch, for the slide work.

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What is “DevOps” Anyway?
Kelly Goetsch
Director, Product Management
Cloud Application Foundation
2015
A Pragmatic Introduction

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Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for
information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon
in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or
functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
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Agenda
3
1 What is DevOps? And why now?
2 How to Change Your Culture
3 How to Change Your Technology
4 Case Study: Oracle’s Internal Embrace of DevOps

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Dev and Ops Constantly Argue
“Code is written...it’s your problem now”
4
Hey Ops - Here’s our
code...good luck!

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Modern DevOps = Culture + Technology Movement
Culture is what’s behind DevOps; technology is the enabler
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Culture
Technology

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Core DevOps Principles
6
Cultural movement enabled by technology
Paid to add new features
Dev Ops
DevOps
Paid to keep system
stable, fast and available
New goal:
Add new features and keep the
system stable, fast and available

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Characteristics of DevOps Movement
7
Principles have been around for decades
Agile
Methodologies
Open Culture
Cloud-like
Infrastructure
Heavy Automation
Open Source
DevOps
Movement began in startup
community. Use of open source seen
as integral but not technically
necessary

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Old Culture and Expectations Don’t Work!
Commonly overheard in offices
8
It’ll take us three
months to build you
a development
environment
I have to stay up
all night to do a
build
The new switch we
need is sitting on
the loading dock
That code change
will have to wait
for our monthly
build
Uh...that’s not my
problem. Go talk
to Ops
Why does your
code always break
my infrastructure?

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DevOps Tenet #1: Culture
9
DiscussRespect
Avoid
Blaming
“Done”
Means
Released
•Dev respect for ops
•Ops respect for dev
•Don’t stereotype
•Don’t just say “no”
•Don’t hide things
•Ops should be in dev discussions
•Dev should be in ops discussions
•Shared runbooks/escalation plans
•Ops should give devs access to
systems
•No fingerpointing!
•Dev’s responsibility
ends when it’s in
production
•“Throwing it over
the wall” is dead

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DevOps Tenant #2: Technology
10
Shared
Version
Control
Infra as
Code
One Step
Build/De
ploy
Don’t Fix
Anything
•Use config mgmt to
build environments
•Scripts checked in
and managed as src
•Single system for code and build
artifacts
•Every time someone commits a
change it triggers a build and
automated build verification tests
•Ship trunk
•Enable features through flags
•One button build/deploy
(manual)
•Scheduled builds/deploys
•If verification fails, stop and alert
•If something breaks,
re-deploy. Don’t fix
•Fix environment
setup scripts

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Faster Time-to-Market
• Increase frequency of
releases
• Increase accuracy of
releases - avoid downtime
• Reduce the time it
actually takes to perform
a release
Cost
• Automate what was
previously done manually.
Reduces OPEX
• Prevent humans from
making costly errors
• Reduce downtime, which
saves money
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Focus on Business Value
• Allow high value
employees to focus on
higher value activities
• Nobody benefits from
doing low value activities,
like setting up
infrastructure
Business Value Is Driving DevOps

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Time
• Longer time to market
(initially) due to work
required to automate
• More builds / faster time-
to-market for individual
features
• Lower MTTR because
problems are fixed by
rebuilding
• Higher MTBF due to
increased accuracy
Cost
• High up-front costs due to
automation work
• Low ongoing costs
because routine
operations is automated
• Fewer employees wanting
more pay - 10x
developers want 10x pay
• Lower capex, higher opex
as workloads shift to
cloud
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Culture
• Continues to empower
developers
• Automation increases
operational efficiencies
• Distracts developers from
developing code
• Movement eschews
“rockstars” but that’s
naturally what happens
DevOps Implications To Business

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Agenda
13
1 What is DevOps? And why now?
2 How to Change Your Culture
3 How to Change Your Technology
4 Case Study: Oracle’s Internal Embrace of DevOps

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How to Build a Successful DevOps Culture
14
DiscussRespect
Avoid
Blaming
“Done”
Means
Released

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Build Respect
• Developers should respect Operations
• Operations should respect Developers
• Don’t just say “no”
• Don’t stereotype!
15
Because the
site breaks
unexpectedly
Because
nobody tells
them anything
Because they
say “no” all
the time
Ops Stereotype

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Discuss
• Don’t hide things! Open communication
on both sides
• Operations should be in Developer
discussions
• Developers should be in Operations
discussions
• Build shared runbooks/escalation plans
• Operations should give Developers direct
access to systems
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Avoid Blaming
• No fingerpointing!
• Development should have enough
Operations culpability to share the
blame in an outage
• Operations should have enough
Development culpability to share the
blame in an outage
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"Done" Means Released
• The “throwing it over the wall to ops” model is dead
• Development needs to be involved with operations
• Operations needs to be involved with development
• Joint success/failure
18
Development
Operations

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Steps Required to Change Culture
19
 Hire technical people who are skilled in DevOps
 Set up training for DevOps skills
 Bring in consultants to help get started
 Put Dev + Ops people under same line-level managers
 Change the way you measure/reward performance
 Flatten org chart to reduce fiefdoms
 Let Dev + Ops collaborate to find solutions
 Let Dev + Ops jointly pick tools. Limit corporate mandates
 Don’t restrict the choice of public cloud solutions
 Sponsor teambuilding events
 Give Dev + Ops common goals to work towards
 When there's a failure, don't dwell on Dev or Ops failure
Build Trust
Bring In New Blood
Align Interests
Empower Change From
the Bottom Up

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Change Your Organization’s Structure
Incentives drive behavior
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CIO
VP of
Operations
Developer
VP of
Development
Layers of
Middle
Management
Layers of
Middle
Management
Sys Admin
CIO
Developer
VP of Product
Layers of
Middle
Management
Sys Admin
Report to same manager. Incentivized to
work together to develop and release
Incentivized to
innovate and release

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Actively Build Trust
21
Trust is the #1 ingredient to a successful DevOps culture
Dev + Ops + Social Activity Outside Work + Time = Trust

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Agenda
22
1 What is DevOps? And why now?
2 How to Change Your Culture
3 How to Change Your Technology
4 Case Study: Oracle’s Internal Embrace of DevOps

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How to Use a Technology to Enable DevOps
23
Shared
Version
Control
Infra as
Code
One Step
Build/De
ploy
Don’t Fix
Anything

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Infrastructure as Code
24
Manage it as you would any other source code
Base Image
Install Binaries
Configure Software
Make Software Work Together
Patch/Push Config Changes
Step 1
Pick a Tool
Step 2
Script your environment
Step 3
Run your scripts against all hosts

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Humans doing anything manually will introduce errors
Consider Disabling SSH Access
This could alienate ops people, however, as it shows a lack of trust
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Possible solution: Remove each user’s shell
• All changes should be scripted and QA’d
– This prevents one-off changes (and errors)
– Emergency fixes can still be pushed as required
• Users can still SFTP to retrieve log files

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Shared Version Control
• Single system for code and build
artifacts
• Every time someone commits a
change, consider triggering a
build + automatic verification
tests
• Always ship trunk!
• Enable features through flags
Surprisingly not well adopted
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One Step Build/Deploy
• Manual one button
build/deploy
• Scheduled builds - every
day, every week, etc
• Builds triggered by code
checkins
• If post-build validation fails,
report it
Set it and forget it
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Popular DevOps Technology
Remember: You can't get DevOps by buying a single product
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 Ansible
 Jenkins / Hudson
 Rundeck
 Git
 Perforce
 Subversion
 Ansible
 Puppet
 Chef
 SaltStack
 Gradle
 Jenkins / Hudson
 Robot
 Artifactory
 Nexus
 Docker
 Vagrant
Version Control
Build & Functional Testing Binary ManagementVirtualization
Continuous Integration
Continuous Delivery
Configuration Management

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Agenda
29
1 What is DevOps? And why now?
2 How to Change Your Culture
3 How to Change Your Technology
4 Case Study: Oracle’s Internal Embrace of DevOps

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Product Development IT (PDIT)
• 602 Exadata
• 383 Exalogic
• 69,290 Sun x86 servers
• 6,854 SPARC servers
• 1,768 Sun ZFS appliances
• Thousands of other systems
30
Supporting enterprise, development IT, cloud and managed hosting at Oracle
924 Oracle Products
135,000 Employees

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How Did PDIT Improve Efficiency by > 2x in 18 Months?
Culture changes enabled by technology
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powered by
powered by
Culture
(Campbell Webb, Sr. VP, Oracle)
+ +
Cloud
The Same Products Oracle Sells
Infrastructure
Automation

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Oracle Cloud is Provisioned Using Chef
Database
Services
Java
Services
Analytics
Services
Mobile
Services
Developer
Services
Collaboration
Services
Caching
Services
Messaging
Services
Notification
Services
Storage
Services
Application
Store
Identity
Services
Powered By
32
Oracle Cloud is run on Chef

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Other PDIT Changes
33
Standardize Hardware Comprehensive Monitoring
Standardize Software (N, N-1) CMDB / Asset Management
IaaS (Nimbula/OpenStack) Proactive Monitoring
Symmetric Test/Prod/DR Environments Offshoring (1 x US + 2 x IDC shifts)
Nearline Backups, Compression, Dedup Maximize Depreciation
VLAN’s => VxLAN’s Defense in Depth Security Posture
Big Data Security Analytics (Hadoop) Centralized Identity Management
Elasticsearch+Logstash+Kibana Analytics Config Management (Chef/Puppet)
Orchestration (Mcollective)

34. Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Core DevOps Principles
34
Cultural movement enabled by technology
Paid to add new features
Dev Ops
DevOps
Paid to keep system
stable, fast and available
Unified goal:
Add new features and keep the
system stable, fast and available

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DevOps Is Ultimately In the Eye of the Beholder
What’s important is that you adhere to core principles that lead to business value
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