1. Digital FLUORO Summer 2008

2. DIGITAL FLUORO

5. Early Fluoroscopy

6. CONVENTIONAL FLUOROSCOPY INVENTED BY THOMAS EDISON

7. Direct Fluoroscopy: obsolete In older fluoroscopic examinations radiologist stands behind screen and view the picture Radiologist receives high exposure; despite protective glass, lead shielding in stand, apron and perhaps goggles Main source staff exposure is NOT the patient but direct beam

11. The size of a pixel determines the smallest detail visible in the image, the number of pixels (of a given size) determines the field of view of the image. pixel value is assigned to a certain color or gray level for visualization. The imaged object is more faithfully reproduced as matrix size increases and pixel size decreases.

13. 1024 63 K

20. Digital radiography principle Clock Memory ADC I Iris t t ANALOGUE SIGNAL DIGITAL SIGNAL See more in Lecture L20

22. Digital format – print to film

23. Remote – over the table tube

41. RADIATION PROTECTION STAT CH 7 & 8 DHS-RHB RAD PROT/FLUORO SYLLABUS

42. Radiation Safety and Fluoroscopy Time Distance Shielding Also see Intro to Fluoro Lecture From RT 124 Spring 2007

47. The Patient & Scatter

48. WHATS WRONG?

50. Remote – over the table tube

51. Under table tube vs Over table tube (remote units) Need moving shield for Remote rooms

52. IsoExposure Curves Where is it SAFE??

53. ISOEXPOSURE CURVES

54. Patient entrance skin exposure (ESE) is higher when the fluoroscopic x-ray tube is too close to the tabletop.

55. KEEP I.I. CLOSE TO PATIENT

61. 1 RAD -100 ERGS – 1 GRAM 1 rad (of ionizing radiation) deposits 100 ergs of energy per gram

64. Conventional “FIXED” Fluoro

66. Mobile – C- arm fluoro

74. FLUOROSCOPY – ABOVE AND BELOW THE TABLE TUBE EXPOSURE TO TECH

79. Dose rate to patients

82. Mini c-arm