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session ii
Atlantic Surface Operations, I
The U.S. Navy in World War II
session ii
Atlantic Surface Operations, I
The U.S. Navy in World War II
Course Outline
i. 1919-1939-Why England [and America] Slept
ii. Atlantic Surface Operations, I
iii. Atlantic Surface Operations, II
iv. The Struggle for the Mediterranean
v. The Battle of the Atlantic
vi. The Allied Offensive against North Africa
vii. Operations against Sicily and Italy
viii. The Defeat of Germany
major points from last week’s session
the Paris Peace Treaties sowed the seeds of WW II. The
League of Nations was doomed from the start
the disarmament conferences were unable to secure their
goals
in the ‘30s U.S. naval rebuilding began under FDR’s
leadership. The tempo increased as war loomed
World War II can be said to have begun on 18 September
1931
Italy demonstrated the weakness of the League of Nations
and the collective security system in Ethiopia
Hitler “went the Japanese and Italy one better”
American pacifism and isolationism were understandable,
though wrong
questions to answer in this session
why did the “phony war” happen on land? why wasn’t
there a similar “phony war” at sea?
what was Britain’s most vital naval task?
how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British
forces?
what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?
what was the significance of the Altmark affair?
why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?
how would you evaluate the operation? the British
response?
review of last week’s session
the League of Nations
War Never Again!
The Big Four: David Lloyd George, Vittorio Orlando,
Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson
William Orpen – The Signing of Peace in the Hall of
Mirrors, Versailles 1919 (detail)!
Germany’s chief of delegation swallows the bitter pill, source of so
much evil
SMS
Bayern
sinking
21 Jun 1919
the Washington Treaty for Naval
Disarmament (1922)
Scene at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Pennsylvania, December 1923, with guns from
scrapped battleships in the foreground. One of these guns is marked "Kansas",
presumably an indication that it came from USS Kansas (BB-21).!
Ship being dismantled in the background is USS South Carolina (BB-26).
Charles Evans Hughes!
US Secretary of State, 1921-25!
Presider at the Washington Naval Conference
Kato Tomosaburo!
Chief of the Japanese Delegation!
to the Washington Naval Conference
Sessions Remaining
•Atlantic Surface Operations, II
• The Struggle for the Mediterranean
• The Battle of the Atlantic
• The Allied Offensive against North
Africa
• Operations against Sicily and Italy
• The Defeat of Germany
major points from last week’s session
the Paris Peace Treaties sowed the seeds of WW II. The
League of Nations was doomed from the start
the disarmament conferences were unable to secure their
goals
in the ‘30s U.S. naval rebuilding began under FDR’s
leadership. The tempo increased as war loomed
World War II can be said to have begun on 18 September
1931
Italy demonstrated the weakness of the League of Nations
and the collective security system in Ethiopia
Hitler “went the Japanese and Italy one better”
American pacifism and isolationism were understandable
though wrong
questions to answer in this session
why did the phony war happen on land?
why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?
what was Britain’s most vital naval task?
how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British
forces?
what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?
what is the significance of the Altmark affair?
why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?
how would you evaluate the operation? the British
response?
FDR, 1932
Naval Enthusiast
The ‘30s saw a new
interest in Navy Air
The March of Fascist Aggression
Collective Security!
Le Cordon Sanitaire
Collective Security!
La Petite Entente
September 18, 1931!
World War II begins
proudly reports his
decision to the
German Volk
Germany’s
new
Chancellor
1937!
The Rome-Berlin!
Axis!
adds a new!
partner
questions to answer in this session
why did the phony war happen on land?
why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?
what was Britain’s most vital naval task?
how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British
forces?
what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?
what is the significance of the Altmark affair?
why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?
how would you evaluate the operation? the British
response?
Volk outside the Reich
12 Mar 1938- Anschluss—Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Führer
Sudetenland
the mountainous border surrounding Bohemia and Moravia
“I have here, signed by Herr Hitler himself...”
the sad, ill chosen words—
”peace with honor” and “peace for our time”
“Merchants of Death”
preview of today’s session
German troops disembark in Norway, 9.iv.1940
questions to answer in this session
why did the phony war happen on land?
why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?
what was Britain’s most vital naval task?
how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British
forces?
what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?
what is the significance of the Altmark affair?
why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?
how would you evaluate the operation? the British
response?
Future historian, January, 1962
Winston is back
Blitzkrieg
Sitzkrieg
questions to answer in this session
why did the phony war happen on land?
why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?
what was Britain’s most vital naval task?
how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British
forces?
what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?
what is the significance of the Altmark affair?
why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?
how would you evaluate the operation? the British
response?
HMS Exeter (CA)

1928-1942
HMS Ajax (CL)

1934-1949
HMNZS Achilles
(CL)

1934-1949
U-boat Ace!
Günther Prien
The Altmark
Affair
Altmark in Jössing Fiord
HMS Cossack receives a hero’s
welcome upon returning with the
rescued seamen
“…one word- Iron”
December, 1939—Quisling meets the Führer
a chance meeting!
leads to!
a posthumous !
Victoria Cross
Clockwise from top:
German forces
advancing, King Haakon
VII of Norway and his
son Crown Prince Olav,
German bombing of the
coastal fortress
Oscarsborg, German
troops near Narvik, and
Norwegian artillery in
action near Narvik.!
Wikipedia!
!
Second Naval Battle of
Narvik
13 April 40
Rupertforce (British counter-attack at Narvik)
Two who demanded more intrepidity
1940-Greenock, Scotland, Happy Tommies from the “little Dunkirk” at Narvik
questions to answer in this session
why did the phony war happen on land?
why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea?
what was Britain’s most vital naval task?
how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British
forces?
what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again?
what is the significance of the Altmark affair?
why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway?
how would you evaluate the operation? the British
response?
And now…

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USN in WW II; session ii atl s. ops, i; intro

  • 1. session ii Atlantic Surface Operations, I The U.S. Navy in World War II
  • 2. session ii Atlantic Surface Operations, I The U.S. Navy in World War II
  • 3. Course Outline i. 1919-1939-Why England [and America] Slept ii. Atlantic Surface Operations, I iii. Atlantic Surface Operations, II iv. The Struggle for the Mediterranean v. The Battle of the Atlantic vi. The Allied Offensive against North Africa vii. Operations against Sicily and Italy viii. The Defeat of Germany
  • 4. major points from last week’s session the Paris Peace Treaties sowed the seeds of WW II. The League of Nations was doomed from the start the disarmament conferences were unable to secure their goals in the ‘30s U.S. naval rebuilding began under FDR’s leadership. The tempo increased as war loomed World War II can be said to have begun on 18 September 1931 Italy demonstrated the weakness of the League of Nations and the collective security system in Ethiopia Hitler “went the Japanese and Italy one better” American pacifism and isolationism were understandable, though wrong
  • 5. questions to answer in this session why did the “phony war” happen on land? why wasn’t there a similar “phony war” at sea? what was Britain’s most vital naval task? how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces? what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again? what was the significance of the Altmark affair? why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway? how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?
  • 6. review of last week’s session
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. the League of Nations
  • 11. The Big Four: David Lloyd George, Vittorio Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson
  • 12. William Orpen – The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles 1919 (detail)! Germany’s chief of delegation swallows the bitter pill, source of so much evil
  • 13.
  • 15.
  • 16. the Washington Treaty for Naval Disarmament (1922)
  • 17. Scene at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Pennsylvania, December 1923, with guns from scrapped battleships in the foreground. One of these guns is marked "Kansas", presumably an indication that it came from USS Kansas (BB-21).! Ship being dismantled in the background is USS South Carolina (BB-26).
  • 18. Charles Evans Hughes! US Secretary of State, 1921-25! Presider at the Washington Naval Conference
  • 19. Kato Tomosaburo! Chief of the Japanese Delegation! to the Washington Naval Conference
  • 20. Sessions Remaining •Atlantic Surface Operations, II • The Struggle for the Mediterranean • The Battle of the Atlantic • The Allied Offensive against North Africa • Operations against Sicily and Italy • The Defeat of Germany
  • 21. major points from last week’s session the Paris Peace Treaties sowed the seeds of WW II. The League of Nations was doomed from the start the disarmament conferences were unable to secure their goals in the ‘30s U.S. naval rebuilding began under FDR’s leadership. The tempo increased as war loomed World War II can be said to have begun on 18 September 1931 Italy demonstrated the weakness of the League of Nations and the collective security system in Ethiopia Hitler “went the Japanese and Italy one better” American pacifism and isolationism were understandable though wrong
  • 22. questions to answer in this session why did the phony war happen on land? why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea? what was Britain’s most vital naval task? how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces? what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again? what is the significance of the Altmark affair? why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway? how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 26. The ‘30s saw a new interest in Navy Air
  • 27. The March of Fascist Aggression
  • 30. September 18, 1931! World War II begins
  • 31.
  • 32. proudly reports his decision to the German Volk Germany’s new Chancellor
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  • 38. questions to answer in this session why did the phony war happen on land? why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea? what was Britain’s most vital naval task? how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces? what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again? what is the significance of the Altmark affair? why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway? how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?
  • 40.
  • 41. 12 Mar 1938- Anschluss—Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Führer
  • 42. Sudetenland the mountainous border surrounding Bohemia and Moravia
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45. “I have here, signed by Herr Hitler himself...” the sad, ill chosen words— ”peace with honor” and “peace for our time”
  • 46.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 51. German troops disembark in Norway, 9.iv.1940
  • 52.
  • 53. questions to answer in this session why did the phony war happen on land? why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea? what was Britain’s most vital naval task? how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces? what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again? what is the significance of the Altmark affair? why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway? how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?
  • 55.
  • 56.
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  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
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  • 67.
  • 68. questions to answer in this session why did the phony war happen on land? why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea? what was Britain’s most vital naval task? how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces? what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again? what is the significance of the Altmark affair? why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway? how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?
  • 69. HMS Exeter (CA) 1928-1942 HMS Ajax (CL) 1934-1949 HMNZS Achilles (CL) 1934-1949
  • 70.
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  • 75.
  • 76.
  • 78.
  • 81. HMS Cossack receives a hero’s welcome upon returning with the rescued seamen
  • 82.
  • 85. a chance meeting! leads to! a posthumous ! Victoria Cross
  • 86.
  • 87.
  • 88.
  • 89. Clockwise from top: German forces advancing, King Haakon VII of Norway and his son Crown Prince Olav, German bombing of the coastal fortress Oscarsborg, German troops near Narvik, and Norwegian artillery in action near Narvik.! Wikipedia! !
  • 90.
  • 91. Second Naval Battle of Narvik 13 April 40
  • 93.
  • 94.
  • 95. Two who demanded more intrepidity
  • 96. 1940-Greenock, Scotland, Happy Tommies from the “little Dunkirk” at Narvik
  • 97. questions to answer in this session why did the phony war happen on land? why wasn’t there a similar phony war at sea? what was Britain’s most vital naval task? how was Graf Spee eliminated by inferior British forces? what German triumph brought up Scapa Flow again? what is the significance of the Altmark affair? why did Germany invade Denmark and Norway? how would you evaluate the operation? the British response?