The document summarizes the anatomy of the major and minor salivary glands. It discusses the location, secretions, blood supply, nerve supply and duct system of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. It also briefly mentions the minor salivary glands including the labial, buccal, palatal and lingual glands. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located in the cheek behind the ramus of the mandible. The submandibular gland is located below the mandible and has superficial and deep parts. The sublingual gland is found under the tongue.

1. Anatomy of salivary
glands
Karthika lekshmi.j.s
Final year MBBS​

2. Areas of focus
Anatomy of the salivary
gland
Benign diseases
Malignant diseases
Management
Presentation title 2

3. Salivary glands are compound, tubuloacinar
exocrine glands whose ducts open into the oral
cavity.
They secrete saliva, a fluid that lubricates food to assist deglutition, moistens the
buccal mucosa, which is important for speech, and provides an aqueous solvent
necessary for taste and a fluid seal for sucking and suckling.
Salivary glands also secrete digestive enzymes, e.g. salivary amylase, and antimicrobial
agents, e.g. immunoglobulin A (IgA), lysozyme and lactoferrin, into saliva
Presentation title 3

4. 20XX presentation title 4
SALIVARY
GLANDS
MAJOR
PAROTID GLAND
SUBMANDIBULAR
SUBLINGUAL
MINOR
BUCCAL
PALATOGLOSSAL
PALATAL
LABIAL
LINGUAL

5. Development
Parotid gland – ectoderm
of the vestibule of the
mouth
Submandibular gland
develops as a single large
bud from the endodermal
lining of the floor of the
mouth.
The sublingual gland,
series of small buds
develops from the
endodermal lining of the
Presentation title 5

6. Parotid Gland
• It is a lobulated, yellowish brown gland, weighing about 25g.
• Location – Retromandibular fossa – posterior to the ramus of the
mandible
• Secretions – Serous
• Extent
• Above – External Auditory meatus, zygomatic arch
• Below – Upper part of the carotid triangle
• Medial – Styloid process, then wraps around the neck of the mandible
• Posterior – Overlaps the sternocleidomastoid
• Anterior – Extends over the masseter
Presentation title 6

8. Parotid sheath
The parotid gland is enclosed
in a fibrous capsule called
parotid capsule
It is formed by the tough
investing layer of deep cervical
fascia.
This fascia splits in the region
between the angle of the
mandible and mastoid process
to enclose the gland.
Presentation title 8

9. Parotid duct
• Also called Stenson’s duct
• 5cm long
• Emerges from the anterior border of the gland
• Opens into the vestibule of the mouth, opposite to the crown of the
upper 2nd molar tooth.

10. GOES FORWARD OVER THE
MASSETER, BETWEEN
UPPER AND LOWER
BUCCAL BRANCHES OF
FACIAL NERVE
EMERGES FROM THE
ANTERIOR BORDER OF THE
GLAND
AT THE ANTERIOR BORDER OF
THE MASSETER, IT ABRUPTLY
TURNS INWARD ALMOST AT A
90 DEGREE, PIERCING THE
BUCCAL PAD OF FAT,
BUCCOPHARYNGEAL FASCIA
AND BUCCINATOR MUSCLE (1ST
BEND)
TURNS MEDIALLY AND
OPENS OPP TO THE
CROWN OF SECOND
MOLAR (3RD BEND)
RUNS FORWARD FOR
~1CM BETWEEN
BUCCINATOR AND
BUCCAL MUCOSA (2ND
BEND)
Parotid Duct - Course

12. STRUCTURES PRESENT WITHIN THE
PAROTID GLAND
FACIAL NERVE
most superficial.
It enters through the upper part
of the posteromedial surface and
divides into its terminal branches
which run horizontally and leave
the gland through its
anteromedial surface.
The five terminal branches of the
facial nerve radiate like a goose-
foot & is termed pes anserinus.
RETROMANDIBULAR VEIN
The retromandibular vein
occupies the intermediate zone
of the gland and is formed by the
union of the superficial temporal
and maxillary veins.
It ends below by dividing into
anterior and posterior divisions.
The anterior division joins the
facial vein to form the common
facial vein
Posterior division joins the
posterior auricular vein to form
the external jugular vein
EXTERNAL C. A
The external carotid artery
pierces the lower part of the
posteromedial surface to enter
the gland where it occupies the
deep zone of the gland.
Within the gland it divides into
superficial temporal and
maxillary arteries.
The transverse facial artery,
branch of superficial temporal
artery emerges through the
anterior border of the gland.

14. Patey’s Faciovenous Plane
The parotid gland is divided into large superficial and small
deep parts or lobes. These lobes are connected by the isthmus
of the glandular tissue, so that the gland appears H-shaped
(shaped like a collar stud) in coronal section. The branches of
facial nerve passes forward through the isthmus. The plane
between the superficial and deep lobes in which nerves and
veins lie has been designated by Patey as faciovenous plane.
This plane helps the surgeons to remove the parotid tumor
without damaging the nerve.

16. BLOOD SUPPLY
o Arterial
• External Carotid
artery
• Superficial Temporal
artery
o Venous
• Retromandibular vein
• External Jugular vein
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
o Superficial & deep
parotid lymph nodes,
drains into
o Deep cervical lymph
nodes
NERVE SUPPLY
o Parasympathetic
(Secretomotor)
• Auriculotemporal
nerve
o Sympathetic
• Superior cervical
sympathetic ganglion
o Sensory
• Auriculotemporal
nerve
• Great Auricular Nerve

17. SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND

18. Submandibular glands
• LOCATION- partly below and partly deep to the posterior half
of the mandible
• SIZE-half the size of the parotid gland and weighs about 10-
20 g
• Mixed gland but its predominantly serous
• PARTS – wrt the mylohyoid muscle
superficial part
deep part

19. Superficial part
Location – anterior part of the digastric triangle
TWO ENDS – anterior and posterior
THREE SURFACES – medial , lateral and inferior
pic

20. Relations of superficial part
SUPERFICIAL(inferior)
• Skin
• Superficial fascia containing
platysma
• Deep fascia
• Facial vein
• Submandibular lymph nodes
LATERAL SURFACE
• Submandibular fossa
• Medial pterygoid muscle
• Facial artery
MEDIAL SURFACE
• ANTERIOR PART
• mylohyoid muscle
• submental branch of
facial artery
• mylohyoid nerve
• INTERMEDIATE PART
• hyoglossus
• styloglossus muscle
• lingual and hypoglossal
nerves
• submandibular ganglion
• POSTERIOR PART
• styloglossus muscle
• stylohyoid ligament

22. Deep part
Relations –
1. Medial – hyoglossus
2. Lateral – mylohyoid
3. Superior – lingual nerve and submandibular ganglion
4. Inferior – hypoglossal nerve

23. SUBMANDIBULAR DUCT
-WHARTON’S DUCT
• 5 cm long
• Emerges from the anterior end of the
deep part
• Runs forwards on the hyoglossus btw
the lingual and hypoglossal nerve
• Opens into the oral cavity – summit of
sublingual papilla at the side of the
frenulum of the tongue
Presentation title 23

24. BLOOD SUPPLY
• ARTERIAL SUPPLY
• - sublingual
• -submental
• VENOUS DRAINAGE
• -facial vein
• -lingual vein
• LYMPHATIC
DRAINAGE
• The lymphatics
first drain into the
submandibular
lympnodes and
then into
jugulodigastric
lymphnodes
• NERVE SUPPLY
• SENSORY – lingual
nerve
• PARASYMPATHETIC-
submandibular
ganglion
• SYMPATHETIC –
superior cervical
ganglion.

25. Bimanual examination
• The swellings of the
submandibular gland can be
palpated bimanually by
putting an index finger in the
mouth and thumb below the
angle of the jaw in relation to
the position of gland
Presentation title 25

26. Presentation title 26
SURGICAL PLANES OF THE
SUBMANDIBULAR REGION
First plane
Digastric muscle
superficial part of
submandibular
gland
Second plane
Mylohyoid
muscle
Mylohyoid
nerves and
vessels
Third
plane
Lingual nerve
Hypoglossal
nerve
Deep part of SM
gland
Submandibular
ganglion
styloglossus
Fourth
plane
Genioglossus
Middle
constrictor
Lingual artery

28. SUBLINGUAL GLAND

29. •
Location- floor of the mouth btw the mucus membrane and the
mylohyoid muscle
Size – 3-4 gms almond shaped
Secretions are mucus
Ducts – 20 in number which open into the sublingual fold(ducts
of rivinus) ..while few from the anterior part unite to form the
sublingual duct(duct of Bartholin)into the submandibular gland
Presentation title 29
BLOOD SUPPLY-sublingual & submental arteries
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE- submental & submandibular nodes

30. MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS
LABIAL Both mucus and serous elements
BUCCAL Both mucus and serous elements
PALATAL Mucus glands in both soft and hard palate
PALATOGLOSSA
L
Mucus glands around the pharyngeal isthmus
LINGUAL
ANTERIOR- in the ventral surface of tongue opens
by 4-5 ducts
20XX presentation title 30
POSTERIOR-root of the tongue –Serous glands of
VON EBNER

31. Labial gland
Palatal gland
Lingual glands
Palatoglossal
gland

32. THANK YOU
“And just when the caterpillar thought
her life was over , she began to fly”
Thought of the
day