Submit Search
Upload
10-11 a-energy_bands
•
0 likes
•
728 views
J
jayamartha
Follow
10-11 a-energy_bands
Read less
Read more
Education
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 25
Recommended
Fisika Zat Padat (10 - 11) a-energy_bands
Fisika Zat Padat (10 - 11) a-energy_bands
jayamartha
N0106298109
N0106298109
IOSR Journals
Fisika Zat Padat (5 - 7) b-metal_vs_semiconductor
Fisika Zat Padat (5 - 7) b-metal_vs_semiconductor
jayamartha
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Ahmed AlAskalany
Graphene transistors and two-dimensional electronics
Graphene transistors and two-dimensional electronics
Giuseppe Iannaccone
Transparent conducting oxides for thin film PV
Transparent conducting oxides for thin film PV
University of Liverpool
Performance comparison of selection nanoparticles for insulation of three cor...
Performance comparison of selection nanoparticles for insulation of three cor...
IJECEIAES
Application of Graphene in electronics
Application of Graphene in electronics
Chinmay Chepurwar
Recommended
Fisika Zat Padat (10 - 11) a-energy_bands
Fisika Zat Padat (10 - 11) a-energy_bands
jayamartha
N0106298109
N0106298109
IOSR Journals
Fisika Zat Padat (5 - 7) b-metal_vs_semiconductor
Fisika Zat Padat (5 - 7) b-metal_vs_semiconductor
jayamartha
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Ahmed AlAskalany
Graphene transistors and two-dimensional electronics
Graphene transistors and two-dimensional electronics
Giuseppe Iannaccone
Transparent conducting oxides for thin film PV
Transparent conducting oxides for thin film PV
University of Liverpool
Performance comparison of selection nanoparticles for insulation of three cor...
Performance comparison of selection nanoparticles for insulation of three cor...
IJECEIAES
Application of Graphene in electronics
Application of Graphene in electronics
Chinmay Chepurwar
Oce 2010 val goss
Oce 2010 val goss
Tom Loughran
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Ahmed AlAskalany
Radome full project
Radome full project
Websoft Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
Design and simulation of indium gallium nitride
Design and simulation of indium gallium nitride
eSAT Publishing House
Research issues in graphene field effect transistor
Research issues in graphene field effect transistor
Daljeet Motton
Graphene plasmonic couple to metallic antenna
Graphene plasmonic couple to metallic antenna
xingangahu
12-14 a-magnetic_effects_in_quantum _mechanics
12-14 a-magnetic_effects_in_quantum _mechanics
jayamartha
7-metal_vs_semiconductor
7-metal_vs_semiconductor
jayamartha
P6
P6
jayamartha
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 3
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 3
jayamartha
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 2
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 2
jayamartha
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 1
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 1
jayamartha
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 4
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 4
jayamartha
Kalkulus (21 - 26)
Kalkulus (21 - 26)
jayamartha
Kalkulus 1 (01 -14)
Kalkulus 1 (01 -14)
jayamartha
Metlit pend (3)
Metlit pend (3)
jayamartha
Week-15 kognitif
Week-15 kognitif
jayamartha
Week 13 model pembelajaran
Week 13 model pembelajaran
jayamartha
Week10-11-12--kegiatan_pembelajaran
Week10-11-12--kegiatan_pembelajaran
jayamartha
Week14 -model pembelajaran
Week14 -model pembelajaran
jayamartha
Strategi Pembelajaran Sains (3)
Strategi Pembelajaran Sains (3)
jayamartha
Week7-8a psikologi pembelajaran
Week7-8a psikologi pembelajaran
jayamartha
More Related Content
What's hot
Oce 2010 val goss
Oce 2010 val goss
Tom Loughran
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Ahmed AlAskalany
Radome full project
Radome full project
Websoft Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
Design and simulation of indium gallium nitride
Design and simulation of indium gallium nitride
eSAT Publishing House
Research issues in graphene field effect transistor
Research issues in graphene field effect transistor
Daljeet Motton
Graphene plasmonic couple to metallic antenna
Graphene plasmonic couple to metallic antenna
xingangahu
What's hot
(6)
Oce 2010 val goss
Oce 2010 val goss
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Radome full project
Radome full project
Design and simulation of indium gallium nitride
Design and simulation of indium gallium nitride
Research issues in graphene field effect transistor
Research issues in graphene field effect transistor
Graphene plasmonic couple to metallic antenna
Graphene plasmonic couple to metallic antenna
Viewers also liked
12-14 a-magnetic_effects_in_quantum _mechanics
12-14 a-magnetic_effects_in_quantum _mechanics
jayamartha
7-metal_vs_semiconductor
7-metal_vs_semiconductor
jayamartha
P6
P6
jayamartha
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 3
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 3
jayamartha
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 2
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 2
jayamartha
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 1
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 1
jayamartha
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 4
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 4
jayamartha
Kalkulus (21 - 26)
Kalkulus (21 - 26)
jayamartha
Kalkulus 1 (01 -14)
Kalkulus 1 (01 -14)
jayamartha
Metlit pend (3)
Metlit pend (3)
jayamartha
Week-15 kognitif
Week-15 kognitif
jayamartha
Week 13 model pembelajaran
Week 13 model pembelajaran
jayamartha
Week10-11-12--kegiatan_pembelajaran
Week10-11-12--kegiatan_pembelajaran
jayamartha
Week14 -model pembelajaran
Week14 -model pembelajaran
jayamartha
Strategi Pembelajaran Sains (3)
Strategi Pembelajaran Sains (3)
jayamartha
Week7-8a psikologi pembelajaran
Week7-8a psikologi pembelajaran
jayamartha
Fisika Modern 13 molecules andsolid
Fisika Modern 13 molecules andsolid
jayamartha
Week14 -HUMANISTIC APPROACHES TO TEACHING
Week14 -HUMANISTIC APPROACHES TO TEACHING
jayamartha
Pert 14 teori perturbasi bebas waktu nondegenerate
Pert 14 teori perturbasi bebas waktu nondegenerate
jayamartha
Week13 model pembelajaran
Week13 model pembelajaran
jayamartha
Viewers also liked
(20)
12-14 a-magnetic_effects_in_quantum _mechanics
12-14 a-magnetic_effects_in_quantum _mechanics
7-metal_vs_semiconductor
7-metal_vs_semiconductor
P6
P6
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 3
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 3
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 2
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 2
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 1
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 1
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 4
Kalkulus 1 - Kuis 4
Kalkulus (21 - 26)
Kalkulus (21 - 26)
Kalkulus 1 (01 -14)
Kalkulus 1 (01 -14)
Metlit pend (3)
Metlit pend (3)
Week-15 kognitif
Week-15 kognitif
Week 13 model pembelajaran
Week 13 model pembelajaran
Week10-11-12--kegiatan_pembelajaran
Week10-11-12--kegiatan_pembelajaran
Week14 -model pembelajaran
Week14 -model pembelajaran
Strategi Pembelajaran Sains (3)
Strategi Pembelajaran Sains (3)
Week7-8a psikologi pembelajaran
Week7-8a psikologi pembelajaran
Fisika Modern 13 molecules andsolid
Fisika Modern 13 molecules andsolid
Week14 -HUMANISTIC APPROACHES TO TEACHING
Week14 -HUMANISTIC APPROACHES TO TEACHING
Pert 14 teori perturbasi bebas waktu nondegenerate
Pert 14 teori perturbasi bebas waktu nondegenerate
Week13 model pembelajaran
Week13 model pembelajaran
Similar to 10-11 a-energy_bands
7 -metal_vs_semiconductor
7 -metal_vs_semiconductor
jayamartha
Et36891896
Et36891896
IJERA Editor
Electrical resistivity method ( electrical survey)
Electrical resistivity method ( electrical survey)
SudhanKumarSubedi
The Novel Study of Metamaterial and Its Aspects
The Novel Study of Metamaterial and Its Aspects
YogeshIJTSRD
Fisika Modern 15 molecules andsolid_semiconductor
Fisika Modern 15 molecules andsolid_semiconductor
jayamartha
Fisika Modern 15 molecules andsolid_semiconductor
Fisika Modern 15 molecules andsolid_semiconductor
jayamartha
IRJET- A Retropect Survey on Metamaterial Absorber Configuration, Execution a...
IRJET- A Retropect Survey on Metamaterial Absorber Configuration, Execution a...
IRJET Journal
Using Metamaterial as Optical Perfect Absorber
Using Metamaterial as Optical Perfect Absorber
Sepehr A. Benis
1-s2.0-S2772571522000614-main.pdf
1-s2.0-S2772571522000614-main.pdf
varshagpsycho
SOLAR CELLS.pptx
SOLAR CELLS.pptx
kwabenaakonu
Photo-Ionization Cross-Section and Binding Energy of Exciton in a Parabolic Q...
Photo-Ionization Cross-Section and Binding Energy of Exciton in a Parabolic Q...
IRJET Journal
A wideband hybrid plasmonic fractal patch nanoantenn
A wideband hybrid plasmonic fractal patch nanoantenn
IAEME Publication
Fisika Modern (15) molecules andsolid_semiconductor
Fisika Modern (15) molecules andsolid_semiconductor
jayamartha
Effect of voltage on multiple particles and collisions in a single Phase Gas ...
Effect of voltage on multiple particles and collisions in a single Phase Gas ...
IJERA Editor
Active metamaterials
Active metamaterials
Michael Singh
Electronic bands structure and gap in mid-infrared detector InAs/GaSb type II...
Electronic bands structure and gap in mid-infrared detector InAs/GaSb type II...
IJERA Editor
Ultra-optical characterization of thin film solar cells materials using core...
Ultra-optical characterization of thin film solar cells materials using core...
IJECEIAES
Progress defense-group-61
Progress defense-group-61
Fazlul K. Palash
1-s2.0-S1369800114000055-main
1-s2.0-S1369800114000055-main
Mahdi Robat Sarpoushi
Stability Of Magnetostatic Surface Waves In A Semiconductor-Ferrite-Left-Hand...
Stability Of Magnetostatic Surface Waves In A Semiconductor-Ferrite-Left-Hand...
ijrap
Similar to 10-11 a-energy_bands
(20)
7 -metal_vs_semiconductor
7 -metal_vs_semiconductor
Et36891896
Et36891896
Electrical resistivity method ( electrical survey)
Electrical resistivity method ( electrical survey)
The Novel Study of Metamaterial and Its Aspects
The Novel Study of Metamaterial and Its Aspects
Fisika Modern 15 molecules andsolid_semiconductor
Fisika Modern 15 molecules andsolid_semiconductor
Fisika Modern 15 molecules andsolid_semiconductor
Fisika Modern 15 molecules andsolid_semiconductor
IRJET- A Retropect Survey on Metamaterial Absorber Configuration, Execution a...
IRJET- A Retropect Survey on Metamaterial Absorber Configuration, Execution a...
Using Metamaterial as Optical Perfect Absorber
Using Metamaterial as Optical Perfect Absorber
1-s2.0-S2772571522000614-main.pdf
1-s2.0-S2772571522000614-main.pdf
SOLAR CELLS.pptx
SOLAR CELLS.pptx
Photo-Ionization Cross-Section and Binding Energy of Exciton in a Parabolic Q...
Photo-Ionization Cross-Section and Binding Energy of Exciton in a Parabolic Q...
A wideband hybrid plasmonic fractal patch nanoantenn
A wideband hybrid plasmonic fractal patch nanoantenn
Fisika Modern (15) molecules andsolid_semiconductor
Fisika Modern (15) molecules andsolid_semiconductor
Effect of voltage on multiple particles and collisions in a single Phase Gas ...
Effect of voltage on multiple particles and collisions in a single Phase Gas ...
Active metamaterials
Active metamaterials
Electronic bands structure and gap in mid-infrared detector InAs/GaSb type II...
Electronic bands structure and gap in mid-infrared detector InAs/GaSb type II...
Ultra-optical characterization of thin film solar cells materials using core...
Ultra-optical characterization of thin film solar cells materials using core...
Progress defense-group-61
Progress defense-group-61
1-s2.0-S1369800114000055-main
1-s2.0-S1369800114000055-main
Stability Of Magnetostatic Surface Waves In A Semiconductor-Ferrite-Left-Hand...
Stability Of Magnetostatic Surface Waves In A Semiconductor-Ferrite-Left-Hand...
More from jayamartha
Week 15 kognitif
Week 15 kognitif
jayamartha
15-superconductivity
15-superconductivity
jayamartha
12-14 d-effect_of_electron_-_electron_interaction
12-14 d-effect_of_electron_-_electron_interaction
jayamartha
12 -14 c-spin_paramagnetism
12 -14 c-spin_paramagnetism
jayamartha
12 -14 b-diamagnetism
12 -14 b-diamagnetism
jayamartha
Week4-5 tb-kognitif
Week4-5 tb-kognitif
jayamartha
Week-13 model pembelajaran
Week-13 model pembelajaran
jayamartha
5-6-definition_of_semiconductor
5-6-definition_of_semiconductor
jayamartha
Week 15 kognitif
Week 15 kognitif
jayamartha
Pert 1-4
Pert 1-4
jayamartha
Fisika Dasar I Per.21
Fisika Dasar I Per.21
jayamartha
Fisika Dasar I Per.20
Fisika Dasar I Per.20
jayamartha
Fisika Dasar I Per.18
Fisika Dasar I Per.18
jayamartha
Fisika Dasar I Per.14
Fisika Dasar I Per.14
jayamartha
Week1-2 -teori-belajar-behavioristik
Week1-2 -teori-belajar-behavioristik
jayamartha
Week7-8b -quantum-teaching-slide
Week7-8b -quantum-teaching-slide
jayamartha
More from jayamartha
(16)
Week 15 kognitif
Week 15 kognitif
15-superconductivity
15-superconductivity
12-14 d-effect_of_electron_-_electron_interaction
12-14 d-effect_of_electron_-_electron_interaction
12 -14 c-spin_paramagnetism
12 -14 c-spin_paramagnetism
12 -14 b-diamagnetism
12 -14 b-diamagnetism
Week4-5 tb-kognitif
Week4-5 tb-kognitif
Week-13 model pembelajaran
Week-13 model pembelajaran
5-6-definition_of_semiconductor
5-6-definition_of_semiconductor
Week 15 kognitif
Week 15 kognitif
Pert 1-4
Pert 1-4
Fisika Dasar I Per.21
Fisika Dasar I Per.21
Fisika Dasar I Per.20
Fisika Dasar I Per.20
Fisika Dasar I Per.18
Fisika Dasar I Per.18
Fisika Dasar I Per.14
Fisika Dasar I Per.14
Week1-2 -teori-belajar-behavioristik
Week1-2 -teori-belajar-behavioristik
Week7-8b -quantum-teaching-slide
Week7-8b -quantum-teaching-slide
Recently uploaded
Interdisciplinary_Insights_Data_Collection_Methods.pptx
Interdisciplinary_Insights_Data_Collection_Methods.pptx
Pooja Bhuva
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
TechSoup
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
Esquimalt MFRC
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
Mebane Rash
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Poh-Sun Goh
Spatium Project Simulation student brief
Spatium Project Simulation student brief
Association for Project Management
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Pooky Knightsmith
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
agholdier
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
Celine George
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
Dr. Ravikiran H M Gowda
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
Celine George
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
camerronhm
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
Elizabeth Walsh
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
Pooja Bhuva
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
KarakKing
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
MaryamAhmad92
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Denish Jangid
Recently uploaded
(20)
Interdisciplinary_Insights_Data_Collection_Methods.pptx
Interdisciplinary_Insights_Data_Collection_Methods.pptx
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Spatium Project Simulation student brief
Spatium Project Simulation student brief
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
REMIFENTANIL: An Ultra short acting opioid.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
FSB Advising Checklist - Orientation 2024
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
10-11 a-energy_bands
1.
Pertemuan 10 -
11 FISIKA ZAT PADAT ENERGY BANDS Iwan Sugihartono, M.Si Jurusan Fisika Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
2.
3.
4.
5.
REVIEW OF ENERGY
BANDS (1) 15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | In crystalline solids, the atoms are “assembled” in a periodical arrangement, in such a way as to minimize the energy of the system… Kasap, S.O., Principles of electrical engineering materials and devices , McGraw-Hill, 1997 Example: NaCl crystal (ionic bound) In the solid, the separation between the constituting atoms is comparable to the atomic size, so the properties of the individual atoms are altered by the presence of neighbouring atoms.
6.
REVIEW OF ENERGY
BANDS (2) 15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | The permitted energies that an electron can occupy in the isolated atoms are split into energy bands as the atoms get closer to each other. This can also be visualized in terms of an overlap of the electron wave functions (Streetman section 3.1.2). Holden A., The nature of solids , Dover Publications, 1965 Outer shell Since the solid is made of a very large number of atoms (N), these bands are actually constituted by N levels of energies (almost a continuum!). The position of upper and lower extreme of each band is however independent of N (depends only on the materials).
7.
REVIEW OF ENERGY
BANDS (3) 15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | Mathematically, it means solving the time-independent Schrödinger’s equation: where U(r) is the periodic effective potential energy that describes the arrangement of atoms in the crystal. e.g. a 1-D crystal could for instance be represented in the following manner: a + b a + b a b U o x = 0 Adapted from: R. Eisberg, R. Resnick, Quantum physics of atoms, molecules, solids, nuclei, and particles (2 nd ed.) , Wiley, 1985
8.
REVIEW OF ENERGY
BANDS (4) 15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | The solution to the equation is usually given in the form of a “band diagram” E vs k . Yu, P.Y., Cardona, M., Fundamentals of semiconductors , Springer, 2005 e.g. GaAs crystal Cohen M.L., Chelikowski, J.R., Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of semiconductors , Springer, 1989 E g ~ 1.4 eV Actual band diagram For device description a much more simple and practical representation is typically used: E g E c E v
9.
REVIEW OF ENERGY
BANDS (5) 15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | Direct band gap semiconductors (e.g. GaAs, InP, InAs, GaSb) Cohen M.L., Chelikowski, J.R., Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of semiconductors , Springer, 1989 E g ~ 1.4 eV The minimum of the conduction band occurs at the same k value as the valence band maximum.
10.
REVIEW OF ENERGY
BANDS (6) 15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | Indirect band gap semiconductors (e.g. Si, Ge, AlAs, GaP, AlSb) Cohen M.L., Chelikowski, J.R., Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of semiconductors , Springer, 1989 E g ~ 2.3 eV The minimum of the conduction band does not occur at the same k value as the valence band maximum. An electron promoted to the conduction band requires a change of its momentum to make the transition to the valence band (typ. occurs via lattice vibrations).
11.
12.
13.
TERNARY III-V ALLOYS
(1) 15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | The group III lattice sites are occupied by a fraction x of atoms III 1 and a fraction ( 1-x ) of atoms III 2 . Arsenides: e.g. InGaAs (used in the active regions of high-speed electronic devices, IR lasers, and long-wavelength quantum cascade lasers) Phosphides: e.g. InGaP (GaAs-based quantum well devices such as red diode lasers) Antimonides: e.g. AlGaSb (employed in high-speed electronic and infrared optoelectronic devices) Nitrides: e.g. InGaN (key constituent in the active regions of blue diode lasers and LED’s)
14.
TERNARY III-V ALLOYS
(2) 15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | The group V lattice sites are occupied by a fraction y of atoms V 1 and a fraction ( 1-y ) of atoms V 2 . Arsenides Antimonides: e.g. InAsSb (smallest band gap of all III-V’s, very important material for mid-infrared optoelectronic devices) Arsenides Phosphides: e.g. GaAsP (often used for red LED’s) Phosphides Antimonides: e.g. GaPSb
15.
TERNARY III-V ALLOYS
(4) 15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | http://www.rpi.edu/~schubert/Light-Emitting-Diodes-dot-org/chap07/F07-06-R.jpg Band Gap Engineering: Arsenides, Phosphides, Antimonides Ga x In 1-x As Ga x In 1-x P
16.
TERNARY III-V ALLOYS
(3) 15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | http://www.onr.navy.mil/sci_tech/31/312/ncsr/materials/gan.asp Band Gap Engineering: Nitrides 1.24 m 620 nm 413 nm 310 nm 248 nm 207 nm
17.
18.
Quaternary III-V Alloys
(2) 15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | Panish, M.B., Temkin, H., Gas source Molecular Beam Epitaxy , Springer, 1993 Wide variety of compositions (hence various emission wavelengths) are lattice matched to either GaAs or InP… The case of Ga x In 1-x As y P 1-y
19.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 15/03/11
© 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | Most practical devices consists in heterostructures, i.e. layered thin film structures made of dissimilar materials deposited on top of each other (e.g. quantum well). Based on the device requirements, the designer will select the proper alloy, while keeping in mind that typical substrates consist in binary compound (such as GaAs, InP, InP, GaSb) in order to minimize the effects of lattice mismatch. The misfit is defined as: a s : lattice constant of the substrate material a f : lattice constant of the film material
20.
LATTICE-MATCHED STRUCTURE 15/03/11
© 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | By definition, f = 0 , i.e. both the substrate material and the film material have the same lattice constant. A misfit |f| < 5 × 10 -4 is generally considered very good, and for practical purposes is assumed lattice-matched (e.g. AlGaAs/GaAs structures) Ohring, M., The Materials Science of Thin Films , Academic Press, 1992
21.
STRAINED STRUCTURES 15/03/11
© 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | Ohring, M., The Materials Science of Thin Films , Academic Press, 1992 f ≠ 0 (i.e. a s ≠ a f ) For relatively thin film thicknesses, cubic crystals will distort (strain develops within the layer) to achieve the same in-plane lattice constant. Such a layer is referred to as pseudomorphic . f < 0 : compressive strain f > 0 : tensile strain
22.
RELAXED STRUCTURE 15/03/11
© 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | Beyond a certain critical thickness h c , it is energetically more favourable for the film to “relax”, i.e. achieve a state where its lattice constant tends towards its unstrained value. In the process, defects known as misfit dislocations form at the interface… Tu, K-N, Mayer, J.W, Feldman, L.C., Electronic thin film science for electrical engineers and materials scientists , McMillan, 1992 Burgers vector: atomic displacement needed to generate the dislocation
23.
CRITICAL THICKNESS (1)
15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | h c is obtained by minimizing E tot with respect to the strain. This results in a transcendent equation: where is the Poisson’s ratio of the film material.
24.
CRITICAL THICKNESS (2)
15/03/11 © 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id | Mayer, J.W, Lau, S.S., Electronic Materials Science: For integrated circuits in Si and GaAs , McMillan, 1990
25.
THANK YOU 15/03/11
© 2010 Universitas Negeri Jakarta | www.unj.ac.id |