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©	2018	Arm	Limited	
Jan	Jongboom,	Arm

14	March	2018
IoT	Deep	Dive:	
LoRaWAN
©	2018	Arm	Limited	2
©	2018	Arm	Limited	3
The	case	for	LoRa
Powerconsumption/Bandwidth
Range
©	2018	Arm	Limited	4
LoRa	key	use	cases
©	2018	Arm	Limited	
LoRa	PHYsics

crash-course
©	2017	Arm	Limited
©	2018	Arm	Limited	6
High	link	budget
TX
P (dBm)
RX
Derived	from	work	by	Thomas	Telkamp
TX	Power
Connector	loss
Antenna	gain
Connector	loss
Antenna	gain
RX	Power
Path	loss	and	fading
14
0
-100
Receiver	sensitivity
-137	dBm
14	dBm151	dBm	link	budget
©	2018	Arm	Limited	7
Link	budget
Wi-Fi
Sub-GHz 6LoWPAN
LoRa
TX	Power RX	Sensitivity Link	budget
20 dBm -75 dBm 95	dBm
11 dBm -110 dBm 121	dBm
14 dBm -137 dBm 151	dBm
©	2018	Arm	Limited	8
Theoretical	maximum	in	free	space
2.4	GHz,	with	95.5	dBm	link	budget:

550	meters	
915	MHz,	with	151	dBm	link	budget:

850,000	meters
©	2018	Arm	Limited	9
©	2018	Arm	Limited	10
Unfortunately...	we	don't	live	in	free	space
Attenuation Reflection and diffraction Fresnel zone
©	2018	Arm	Limited	
Based	on	Tokyo	-	model	for	calculating	realistic	path	loss
Picture by Moyan Brenn: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_(16043023330).jpg©	2017	Arm	Limited	
Hata	model
Large city (250 bps)
Large city (1,760 bps)
Suburb (250 bps)
TX	height RX	height Range
0.1 m 40 m 4	km
0.1 m 40 m 2.5	km
0.1 m 40 m 9	km
Suburb (250 bps) 1 m 100 m 13	km
©	2018	Arm	Limited	
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxYY097QNs0
©	2018	Arm	Limited	
What	is	LoRaWAN?
©	2018	Arm	Limited	14
LoRaWAN
LoRaWAN	is	a	standardized,	bi-directional	messaging	protocol	on	top	of	LoRa	modulation;	the	
physical	layer	
In	the	data	link	layer,	LoRaWAN	manages	channels,	data

rates	and	executes	MAC	commands	
LoRaWAN	messages	contain	device	addresses	and	the	server

selects	gateways	for	downlink	in	the	network	layer	
The	server	and	device	keep	track	of	frame	counters	and

perform	a	message	integrity	check	in	the	transport	layer	
LoRaWAN’s	over	the	air	activation	(OTAA)	manages	the

creation	of	a	new	session	with	security	context	
LoRaWAN	encrypts	application	payload	but	does	not	prescribe

a	binary	payload	format	to	use
©	2018	Arm	Limited	15
Device	classes
Flexibility	in	power	conservation	versus	fast	network	initiated	transmission
Class	A	😴	 Class	B	⏰	 Class	C	⚡
Device	initiated	communication	
Devices	are	typically	in	deep	
sleep	and	send	messages	on	
intervals	and/or	events	
Only	after	uplink	transmission,	
there	is	a	receive	window	for	
downlink	messages	
Best	for	most	sensor	
applications	and	battery	
conservation
Time	synchronized	
communication	
The	network	broadcasts	beacons	
for	devices	to	sync	time	
In	so-called	ping	slots,	devices	
wake	up	and	the	network	may	
send	downlink	messages	
Best	for	most	downlink	intensive	
applications
Network	initiated	
communication	
The	devices	are	continuously	
listening,	often	temporarily	or	
on	power	supply	
The	network	can	send	downlink	
message	at	any	given	time	
Best	for	downlink	intensive	
applications	that	require	low	
latencies
©	2018	Arm	Limited	16
Typical	LoRaWAN	Topology
Network	Session	Key:	Message	Integrity
Applicadon	Session	Key:	Join,	Encrypdon	and	Decrypdon
Devices Gateways Network	Server User

ApplicaRon
ApplicaRon	
Server
©	2018	Arm	Limited	17
©	2018	Arm	Limited	
The	Things	Network
©	2018	Arm	Limited	19
The	Things	Network	Mission
Our	mission	
is	to	build	
a	decentralized,	
open	and	
crowd	sourced	
IoT	data	network	
Owned	and	operated	by	its	users
©	2017	Arm	Limited
©	2018	Arm	Limited	21 ©	2017	Arm	Limited	
Number of Communities 623
Number of Countries 96
Number of Community Members 33633
Number of Gateways Active 3075
Number of Community Partners 492
The	Things	Network
©	2018	Arm	Limited	22
You	are	the	network
©	2018	Arm	Limited	
Building	something
©	2018	Arm	Limited	24
An	IoT	device	is	more	than	an	MCU	+	radio
Bootloader
Asymmetric	crypto
Storage	driver
Resilient	filesystem
Advanced	

LoRaWAN	stack
Radio	drivers
FlashIAP
Update	client
©	2018	Arm	Limited	25
Arm	Mbed
A	free,	open	source	Platform	OS	targeting	IoT	end	node	devices	
Mbed	
OS
Cortex-M	
RTOS

kernel
Portable

drivers
Integrated

security
IoT

connectivity
Device	
management
Development	
tools
Developer	
community
Partner	
ecosystem
150	development	boards
LoRa,	BLE,	Cellular,	Wi-Fi,	etc.
©	2018	Arm	Limited	
Mbed	OS	tools
26
mbed.org/code
Mbed CLI
Command Line

Interface Mbed pyOCD
CMSIS-DAP Debug Library
Mbed DAPLink
CMSIS-DAP Debug Firmware
Mbed Greentea

Porting Testsuite and CI
Mbed Compiler
Free Online IDE
Mbed	OS	DVCS	support
Mbed	OS	IDEs	and	toolchains
Mbed	OS	core	tools
Arm	Compiler	5
Online	Compiler	to	get	started	quickly	
Wide	support	for	offline	toolchains
©	2018	Arm	Limited	27
Two	approaches
Module Radio
Radio	+	MCU	
Easy	to	integrate	in	own	design	
Pre-certified
SX1272	or	SX1276	
Cheaper	material	/	higher	design	cost	
Need	to	do	own	RF	design
©	2018	Arm	Limited	28
Picking	a	gateway
Kerlink IoT station
Multi-Tech Conduit
IMST iC880A
Lorix One
The Things Gateway
Lorrier LR2
SX1301	+	2x	SX1257
©	2018	Arm	Limited	29
Hands-on,	building	a	network
L-TEK FF1705 Multi-Tech Conduit Network Server
©	2018	Arm	Limited	
http://mbed.com/fota-lora
©	2018	Arm	Limited	
http://bit.ly/deep-dive-lora
Thank	You!	
Danke!	
Merci!	
谢谢!	
ありがとう!	
Gracias!	
Kiitos!	
감사합니다	
धन्यवाद
©	2018	Arm	Limited	
https://github.com/johanstokking/arm-ttn-webinar
https://os.mbed.com/teams/MultiTech/code/Dot-Examples/
http://bit.ly/lora-update-demo
http://slideshare.net/janjongboom/
©	2018	Arm	Limited	
The	Arm	trademarks	featured	in	this	presentation	are	registered	trademarks	or	
trademarks	of	Arm	Limited	(or	its	subsidiaries)	in	the	US	and/or	elsewhere.		All	rights	
reserved.		All	other	marks	featured	may	be	trademarks	of	their	respective	owners.	


www.arm.com/company/policies/trademarks

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