Week1 Learning Approach and Classical Conditioning

1. Lesson Objectives
By the end of the lesson you …
• Must be able to identify (Ao1) a study, a
theory and a method.
• Should be able to classify (Ao1) a factor as
either a result of nature or nurture.
• Should be able to describe (Ao1) the learning
approach.

2. Approach
Theories
Studies
Methods

3. Approach
An approach is a perspective (i.e. view) that involves certain
assumptions (i.e. beliefs) about human behavior: the way
they function, which aspects of them are worthy of study and
what research methods are appropriate for undertaking this
study. There may be several different theories within an
approach, but they all share these common assumptions.
Social Approach Cognitive Approach
Learning Approach Psychodynamic Approach
Biological Approach

4. Approach
Theories
Studies
Methods
Learning Approach

5. Theories
Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning
Social Learning Theory
A theory is a based upon a hypothesis and backed
by evidence. A theory presents a concept or idea
that is testable. In science, a theory is not merely a
guess. A theory is a fact-based framework for
describing a phenomenon. In psychology, theories
are used to provide a model for understanding
human thoughts, emotions and behaviors.

6. Approach
Theories
Studies
Methods
Learning Approach
Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Social Learning Theory

7. Studies
Bandura (1961) Watson and Raynor (1920)
A study is conducted to investigate if a theory
should be supported. Every theory will have many
studies that provide different levels of support of
opposition for a theory. A study collects data and will
have participants who complete a tasks or are
observed in the real world. A study should have an
AIM, Procedure, Results and Conclusion that states if
the theory is supported or not.

8. Approach
Theories
Studies
Methods
Learning Approach
Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Social Learning Theory
Bandura (1961)
Watson & Raynor (1920)

9. Methods
Lab experiment Observation Questionnaire
Quasi Experiment Natural Experiment …
Every study will make use of different methods in the
design of the experiment. Studies can use many
different methods within one experiment to collect the
data that will help support or refute the theory.

10. Approach
Theories
Studies
Methods
Learning Approach
Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Social Learning Theory
Bandura (1961)
Watson & Raynor (1920)
Experiments
Observations
Questionnaires …

11. 1. Approach
2. Theory
3. Study
4. Method

12. Key assumptions of learning
• Psychology should be
seen as a science.
Theories need to be
supported by
empirical data
obtained through
careful and controlled
observation and
measurement of
behaviour.

13. Key assumptions of learning
• The learning approach
is primarily concerned
with observable
behaviour, as opposed
to internal events like
thinking and emotion.
Observable (i.e.
external) behaviour can
be objectively and
scientifically measured.

14. Key assumptions of learning
• People have no
free will – a
person’s
environment
determines their
behaviour

15. Key assumptions of learning
• When born our
mind is 'tabula
rasa' (a blank
slate).

16. Key assumptions of learning
• Behaviour is the
result of stimulus –
response (i.e. all
behaviour, no
matter how
complex, can be
reduced to a
simple stimulus –
response
association).

17. Key assumptions of learning
• All behaviour is
learnt from the
environment. We
learn new
behaviour through
classical or operant
conditioning.

18. • Must be able to identify (Ao1) a study, a
theory and a method.
• Should be able to classify (Ao1) a factor as
either a result of nature or nurture.
• Should be able to describe (Ao1) the learning
approach.

19. On a piece of paper and
without using your notes
brain storm / mind map all
that you can remember
about the learning
approach.
Hint: we talked about six different assumptions
of the learning approach last lesson.

20. www.jamiesflipped.co.uk
@jamiesflipped

21. Lesson Objectives
By the end of the lesson you …
• Must be able to describe (Ao1) classical
conditioning.
• Must be able to identify (Ao1) the different
concepts within classical conditioning.
• Should be able to describe (Ao1) the basic
elements of classical conditioning.

22. Ivan Pavlov.

24. Classical Conditioning
• First Pavlov established that food caused the
dog to salivate.

25. Classical Conditioning
• Then Pavlov established that a tone did not
cause the dog to salivate.

26. Classical Conditioning
• He then presented the tone with the food
• Note that the dog is salivating in response to the
food at this time.

27. Classical Conditioning
• After several pairings of the tone and food,
Pavlov found that the dog would salivate to
the tone when it was presented alone.

29. Unconditioned
stimulus (UCS)
Conditioned
stimulus (CS)
Unconditioned
response (UR)
The innate (reflexive) response to a
stimulus that has not been conditioned.
Initially a Neutral Stimulus (NS) after
repeated pairings with the unconditioned
stimulus, produces a CR.
The stimulus that causes the reflex response
before conditioning. It is the stimulus that
naturally produces the response.
Conditioned
response (CR)
The reflexive response that occurs after
exposure to the conditioned stimulus.

30. Classical Conditioning
(UCS) ________
________(UCR)
(NS) ___________
+ (UCS) __________
________(UCR)
After several pairings of the NS & UCS …
(CS) _______ ________(CR)

31. • Must be able to identify (Ao1) a study, a
theory and a method.
• Should be able to classify (Ao1) a factor as
either a result of nature or nurture.
• Should be able to describe (Ao1) the learning
approach.

32. www.jamiesflipped.co.uk
@jamiesflipped