SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 34
  Global Marketing Management, 5e,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],1,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Economic Environment,[object Object]
Chapter Overview,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],2,[object Object],1. Intertwined World Economy,[object Object],2. Country Competitiveness,[object Object],3. Evolution of Cooperative Global Trade Agreements,[object Object],4. U.S. Position in Foreign Direct Investment and Trade,[object Object],5. Information Technology and the Changing Nature of Competition,[object Object],6. Regional Economic Arrangements,[object Object],7. Multinational Corporations,[object Object]
Introduction,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],3,[object Object],In 2008, the annual global merchandise trade  amounted to $16.8 trillion.,[object Object],From 1997 to 2007, world GDP grew more than 30 percent.,[object Object],In the same period, total world exports of merchandise increased by more than 60 percent.,[object Object]
Exhibit 2-1: Growth in the Volume of World Merchandise Trade and GDP, 1997 - 2007,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],4,[object Object]
According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), the top five merchandise exporting countries in 2008 were:,[object Object],	Germany ($1,530 billion),,[object Object],China ($1,465 billion),[object Object],United States ($1,377 billion),[object Object],Japan ($777 billion),[object Object],France ($630 billion),[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],5,[object Object],Introduction,[object Object]
Collectively, the top five export nations accounted for 35% of global trade in 2008.,[object Object],The Triad Regions(North America, Western Europe, and Japan) of the world collectively produced nearly 60 percent of world GDP in 2007, down from 78 percent in 2004.,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],6,[object Object],Introduction,[object Object]
Introduction ,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],7,[object Object],The net result of these factors?,[object Object],Increased interdependence of countries/economies ,[object Object],Increased competitiveness ,[object Object],Need for firms to keep a constant watch on the international economic environment.,[object Object],Consumers and companies in the U.S. and Japan are able to find domestic sources for their needs because of their diversified and extremely large economies.,[object Object]
1. Intertwined World Economy,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],8,[object Object],Despite the increasingly intertwined world economy, the United States is still relatively more insulated from the global economy than other nations. In 2008, the U.S. economy was about $14.3 trillion and imports about 63% more than it exports.,[object Object]
Exhibit 2-2: Top 10 Exporters and Importers in World Merchandise Trade, 2008 ,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],9,[object Object]
1. Intertwined World Economy,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],10,[object Object],The larger the country’s domestic economy, the less dependent it tends to be on exports and imports relative to its GDP.,[object Object],Intertwining of economies by the process of specialization due to international trade leads to job creation in both the exporting and importing country.,[object Object],Foreign direct investment (FDI)involves investment in manufacturing and service facilities in a foreign country.,[object Object]
1. Intertwined World Economy,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],11,[object Object],As firms invest in manufacturing and distribution facilities outside their home countries to expand into new markets around the world, they have added to the stock of foreign direct investment.,[object Object],The increase in foreign direct investment has also been promoted by the efforts of many national governments to woo multinationals.,[object Object],Portfolio investment or indirect investment refers to investments in foreign countries that are withdrawable at short notice, such as investments in foreign stocks and bonds.,[object Object]
Exhibit 2-3: Foreign Direct Investment Inflows, 1980 - 2007,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],12,[object Object]
1. Intertwined World Economy,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],13,[object Object],The weekly volume of international trade in currencies exceeds the annual value of the trade in goods and services.,[object Object],All nations with even partially convertible currencies are exposed to the fluctuations in the currency markets.,[object Object],A rise in the value of the local currencies make exports more expensive; a rising currency value also deters foreign investment in a country and may  encourage outflow of investment.,[object Object]
1. Intertwined World Economy,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],14,[object Object],Examples of severe currency fluctuations are the 1995 Mexican meltdown, and the Asian financial crisis (1997-1999).,[object Object],Unfortunately, the influence of these short-term money flows are nowadays far more powerful regarding exchange rates than an investment by a Japanese or German automaker.,[object Object],Recent examples of financial crisis occurred in Argentina and Brazil (2002).,[object Object]
2. Country Competitiveness,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],15,[object Object],Country competitivenessrefers to the productiveness of a country, which is represented by its firms’ domestic and international productive capacity.,[object Object],Country competitiveness is not fixed.,[object Object],The role of human skill resources has become increasingly important as a primary determinant of industry and country competitiveness.,[object Object]
2. Country Competitiveness,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],16,[object Object],[object Object]
Taiwan, another Asian Tiger, dropped from #5 to #17 between 2005 and 2008.
The U.S. and Switzerland have been the most innovative in the last three decades
Other OECD countries (especially Japan) have been increasingly catching up.	(see Exhibit 2-5),[object Object]
Exhibit 2-4: Global Competitiveness Ranking,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],17,[object Object]
Exhibit 2-5: Change in Country Innovativeness: A Key to a Country’s Long-Term Competitiveness,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],18,[object Object]
3. Emerging Economies,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],19,[object Object],Over the next two decades, the big emerging markets (BEMs) will hold the greatest potential for U.S. exports,[object Object],Largest BEMs: Chinese economic area (including China, Hong Kong region, and Taiwan), India, C.I.S. (Russia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus states),  South Korea, Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina,[object Object],B.R.I.C.- Brazil, Russia, India, China,[object Object],Each BEM  offers opportunities and challenges for local policy makers, businesses and the international business and economic community,[object Object]
Exhibit 2-6: Leading Emerging Economies in 2008,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],20,[object Object]
4. Evolution of Cooperative Global Trade Agreements,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],21,[object Object],ITO (International Trade Organization):,[object Object],ITO was established after World War II.,[object Object],GATT (General Agreements on Tariffs & Trade):,[object Object],After 1950, GATT succeeded ITO.,[object Object],The main operating principle of GATT was the concept of most favored nations (MFN).,[object Object],GATT was successful in lowering trade barriers.,[object Object]
4. Evolution of Cooperative Global Trade Agreements,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],22,[object Object],WTO (World Trade Organization):,[object Object],The eighth and last round of GATT talks – called the Uruguay Round (1986-1994) established an international body called the WTO which took effect on January 1, 1995.,[object Object],As of July 2008, WTO had 153 member  countries. ,[object Object],WTO has statutory powers to adjudicate trade disputes among nations and has its own secretariat.,[object Object],WTO is the new legal and institutional foundation for a multilateral trading system.,[object Object]
4. Evolution of Cooperative Global Trade Agreements,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],23,[object Object],WTO’s ninth round---called the “Doha Development Agenda” (Doha Round)was launched in Doha, Qatar in November 2001 (see Exhibit 2-7). Interim deal in December 2005 to end farm export subsidies by 2013 prevented collapse of the latest round of the talks.,[object Object],The Doha Round of 2001 facilitated the way for China and Taiwan to get full membership in the WTO. ,[object Object]
Exhibit 2-7: Agenda for the Doha Round,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],24,[object Object]
4. Evolution of Cooperative Global Trade Agreements,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],25,[object Object],Although WTO is a global institutional proponent of free trade, it is not without critics.,[object Object],The WTO dispute settlement mechanism is faster, more automatic, and less susceptible to blockages than the old GATT system.,[object Object],The WTO Work Program on Electronic Commerce is in the process of defining the trade-related aspects of electronic commerce that would fall under the parameters of WTO mandates.,[object Object]
5. Information Technology and the Changing Nature of Competition,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],26,[object Object],Information technology and the changing nature of competition have created many challenges for the firms.,[object Object],Over the Internet, any piece of electronically represented intellectual property can be copied.,[object Object],The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)Agreement was concluded as part of the GATT Uruguay Round. Update to accord ensuring patent protection does not block developing countries’ access to affordable medicines is the top of the agenda. ,[object Object]
5. Information Technology and the Changing Nature of Competition,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],27,[object Object],Proliferation of E-Commerce and Regulations:Countries’ regulators have not kept pace with the rapid proliferation of international e-commerce and Internet-related activities.,[object Object],In many countries, rules and regulations are vague regarding e-commerce transactions.,[object Object],The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)has formed a Working Group on Electronic Commerce to reexamine these treaties.,[object Object]
6. Regional Economic Arrangements,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],28,[object Object],An evolving trend in international economic activity is the formation of multinational trading blocs.,[object Object],There are over 120 regional free trade areas worldwide.,[object Object],Market groups take many forms, depending on the degree of cooperation and inter-relationships, which lead to different levels of integration among the participating countries.,[object Object]
6. Regional Economic Arrangements,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],29,[object Object],Types of Regional Economic Arrangements: ,[object Object],Free Trade Areas: Formal agreement among two or more countries to reduce or eliminate customs duties and nontariff barriers. Examples: NAFTA, MERCOSUR, CAFTA-DR & FTAA (proposed and currently stalled),[object Object],Customs Union: Addition of common external tariffs to the provisions of free trade agreements. Example: ASEAN.,[object Object]
6. Regional Economic Arrangements,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],30,[object Object],Common Market: Eliminates all tariffs and other barriers, adopts a common set of external tariffs on nonmembers, and remove all restrictions on the flow of capital and labor among member nations. Example: European Union.,[object Object],Monetary Union: Represents the fourth level of integration with a single currency among politically independent countries. Example: EU and the euro.,[object Object],Political Union: Highest level of integration resulting in a political union. Sometimes, countries come together in a loose political union for historical reasons, as in the case of  the British Commonwealth which exists as a forum for discussion and common historical ties.,[object Object]
7. Multinational Corporations,[object Object],Chapter 2,[object Object],Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,[object Object],31,[object Object],The U.S. government defines a multinational corporations (MNC) for statistical purposes as a company that owns or controls 10 percent or more of the voting securities, or the equivalent, of at least one foreign business enterprise.,[object Object],At present, there are 78,000MNCswith 780,000affiliates in foreign countries.,[object Object],MNCs’ total sales exceeded 52% of world GDP in 2006.,[object Object]

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

International business chapter 1
International business chapter 1International business chapter 1
International business chapter 1Manilyn Angel
 
International Business_Chapter 1_Globalization_Charles W. Hill
International Business_Chapter 1_Globalization_Charles W. HillInternational Business_Chapter 1_Globalization_Charles W. Hill
International Business_Chapter 1_Globalization_Charles W. HillMd. Bellal Hossain Raju
 
Creating Value for Haier
Creating Value for HaierCreating Value for Haier
Creating Value for HaierCharlieFresco
 
Chapter1
Chapter1Chapter1
Chapter1obeden
 
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Chapter 6
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Chapter 6INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Chapter 6
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Chapter 6Pimsat University
 
Chapter 17 designing and managing integrated marketing channels
Chapter 17 designing and managing integrated marketing channelsChapter 17 designing and managing integrated marketing channels
Chapter 17 designing and managing integrated marketing channels10841010
 
Strategic Audit - Whole Foods
Strategic Audit - Whole FoodsStrategic Audit - Whole Foods
Strategic Audit - Whole FoodsHyrum Egbert
 
International trade theories
International trade theoriesInternational trade theories
International trade theoriesvalliappan1991
 
Michael Porter's 5 forces model
Michael Porter's 5 forces modelMichael Porter's 5 forces model
Michael Porter's 5 forces modelMC Tubera
 
Chapter 12: Addressing Competition and Driving Growth
Chapter 12: Addressing Competition and Driving Growth Chapter 12: Addressing Competition and Driving Growth
Chapter 12: Addressing Competition and Driving Growth Florabel Maquiraya
 
International marketing 1
International marketing 1International marketing 1
International marketing 1Swarit Yadav
 
innovation and change case study
innovation and change case studyinnovation and change case study
innovation and change case studyNicole Brown
 
Chapter01
Chapter01Chapter01
Chapter01dvrs
 
Classical country-based trade theories and Modern Firm-based trade theories
Classical country-based trade theories and Modern Firm-based trade theoriesClassical country-based trade theories and Modern Firm-based trade theories
Classical country-based trade theories and Modern Firm-based trade theoriesHelmee Halim
 

Mais procurados (20)

FDI
FDIFDI
FDI
 
International business chapter 1
International business chapter 1International business chapter 1
International business chapter 1
 
Chap 9
Chap 9Chap 9
Chap 9
 
International Business_Chapter 1_Globalization_Charles W. Hill
International Business_Chapter 1_Globalization_Charles W. HillInternational Business_Chapter 1_Globalization_Charles W. Hill
International Business_Chapter 1_Globalization_Charles W. Hill
 
Creating Value for Haier
Creating Value for HaierCreating Value for Haier
Creating Value for Haier
 
Chapter1
Chapter1Chapter1
Chapter1
 
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Chapter 6
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Chapter 6INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Chapter 6
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Chapter 6
 
Chapter 17 designing and managing integrated marketing channels
Chapter 17 designing and managing integrated marketing channelsChapter 17 designing and managing integrated marketing channels
Chapter 17 designing and managing integrated marketing channels
 
Strategic Audit - Whole Foods
Strategic Audit - Whole FoodsStrategic Audit - Whole Foods
Strategic Audit - Whole Foods
 
Country similarity theory
Country similarity theoryCountry similarity theory
Country similarity theory
 
International trade theories
International trade theoriesInternational trade theories
International trade theories
 
Michael Porter's 5 forces model
Michael Porter's 5 forces modelMichael Porter's 5 forces model
Michael Porter's 5 forces model
 
Marketing plan sample report homework help
Marketing plan sample report homework helpMarketing plan sample report homework help
Marketing plan sample report homework help
 
Lecture slides international marketing
Lecture slides international marketingLecture slides international marketing
Lecture slides international marketing
 
Chapter 12: Addressing Competition and Driving Growth
Chapter 12: Addressing Competition and Driving Growth Chapter 12: Addressing Competition and Driving Growth
Chapter 12: Addressing Competition and Driving Growth
 
International marketing 1
International marketing 1International marketing 1
International marketing 1
 
innovation and change case study
innovation and change case studyinnovation and change case study
innovation and change case study
 
Chapter01
Chapter01Chapter01
Chapter01
 
Classical country-based trade theories and Modern Firm-based trade theories
Classical country-based trade theories and Modern Firm-based trade theoriesClassical country-based trade theories and Modern Firm-based trade theories
Classical country-based trade theories and Modern Firm-based trade theories
 
Aldi usa
Aldi usaAldi usa
Aldi usa
 

Destaque

Mof Presentation Final
Mof Presentation FinalMof Presentation Final
Mof Presentation FinalTravel Oregon
 
Ch10 kotabe
Ch10 kotabeCh10 kotabe
Ch10 kotabej_liu
 
Globalmarketing
GlobalmarketingGlobalmarketing
Globalmarketingmiboyfrend
 
Ch08 Kotabe
Ch08 KotabeCh08 Kotabe
Ch08 Kotabej_liu
 
Hollensen Pearson Textbooks Compressed 1
Hollensen   Pearson Textbooks   Compressed 1Hollensen   Pearson Textbooks   Compressed 1
Hollensen Pearson Textbooks Compressed 1Svend Hollensen
 
Imm unit-05 (product planning & development)
Imm unit-05 (product planning & development)Imm unit-05 (product planning & development)
Imm unit-05 (product planning & development)Revisiting Strategy
 
Liberating the API Economy with Scale-Free Networks - Mike Amundsen, Director...
Liberating the API Economy with Scale-Free Networks - Mike Amundsen, Director...Liberating the API Economy with Scale-Free Networks - Mike Amundsen, Director...
Liberating the API Economy with Scale-Free Networks - Mike Amundsen, Director...CA API Management
 
Global marketing - global economic environment
Global marketing - global economic environmentGlobal marketing - global economic environment
Global marketing - global economic environmentRECONNECT
 
Organizational Change and Development
Organizational Change and DevelopmentOrganizational Change and Development
Organizational Change and DevelopmentRajat Gupta
 
Product planning & development
Product planning & developmentProduct planning & development
Product planning & developmentSoma Giri
 

Destaque (15)

Mof Presentation Final
Mof Presentation FinalMof Presentation Final
Mof Presentation Final
 
Ch10 kotabe
Ch10 kotabeCh10 kotabe
Ch10 kotabe
 
Globalmarketing
GlobalmarketingGlobalmarketing
Globalmarketing
 
Ch08 Kotabe
Ch08 KotabeCh08 Kotabe
Ch08 Kotabe
 
Bureaucracy
BureaucracyBureaucracy
Bureaucracy
 
Hollensen Pearson Textbooks Compressed 1
Hollensen   Pearson Textbooks   Compressed 1Hollensen   Pearson Textbooks   Compressed 1
Hollensen Pearson Textbooks Compressed 1
 
Services standardization
Services standardizationServices standardization
Services standardization
 
Imm unit-05 (product planning & development)
Imm unit-05 (product planning & development)Imm unit-05 (product planning & development)
Imm unit-05 (product planning & development)
 
Liberating the API Economy with Scale-Free Networks - Mike Amundsen, Director...
Liberating the API Economy with Scale-Free Networks - Mike Amundsen, Director...Liberating the API Economy with Scale-Free Networks - Mike Amundsen, Director...
Liberating the API Economy with Scale-Free Networks - Mike Amundsen, Director...
 
Economy Of Scale
Economy Of ScaleEconomy Of Scale
Economy Of Scale
 
Global marketing - global economic environment
Global marketing - global economic environmentGlobal marketing - global economic environment
Global marketing - global economic environment
 
Economic reforms
Economic reformsEconomic reforms
Economic reforms
 
Organizational Change and Development
Organizational Change and DevelopmentOrganizational Change and Development
Organizational Change and Development
 
Product planning & development
Product planning & developmentProduct planning & development
Product planning & development
 
Economic reforms
Economic reformsEconomic reforms
Economic reforms
 

Semelhante a Ch02 Kotabe

ch02.ppt
ch02.pptch02.ppt
ch02.ppt691966
 
Another institution in the news is the G20. Established in 1999, the.docx
Another institution in the news is the G20. Established in 1999, the.docxAnother institution in the news is the G20. Established in 1999, the.docx
Another institution in the news is the G20. Established in 1999, the.docxmelvinjrobinson2199
 
The Global Economic Environment1Interestin.docx
The Global Economic Environment1Interestin.docxThe Global Economic Environment1Interestin.docx
The Global Economic Environment1Interestin.docxarnoldmeredith47041
 
Arun prjct eco sem 1
Arun prjct eco sem 1Arun prjct eco sem 1
Arun prjct eco sem 1ABHISHEK12755
 
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou..."Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...Carlos F. Flores
 
An Argument For An Organization
An Argument For An OrganizationAn Argument For An Organization
An Argument For An OrganizationMichelle Singh
 
Chapter 1Globalization©McGraw-Hill Education. All
Chapter 1Globalization©McGraw-Hill Education. All Chapter 1Globalization©McGraw-Hill Education. All
Chapter 1Globalization©McGraw-Hill Education. All EstelaJeffery653
 
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou..."Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...CharlesDaniels123
 
POM PRESENTATION.pptx
POM PRESENTATION.pptxPOM PRESENTATION.pptx
POM PRESENTATION.pptxssuseraf82a0
 
International business management essay globalization
International business management essay globalizationInternational business management essay globalization
International business management essay globalizationBobby Darmawan
 
266877 633930975098664037
266877 633930975098664037266877 633930975098664037
266877 633930975098664037Ali NAK
 
International Trade Case Study
International Trade Case StudyInternational Trade Case Study
International Trade Case StudyKimberly Bundy
 
Chap01 global business
Chap01   global businessChap01   global business
Chap01 global businessMohammad Ifti
 
Intl biz lesson1
Intl biz lesson1Intl biz lesson1
Intl biz lesson1marzan
 
Global Groupings
Global GroupingsGlobal Groupings
Global Groupingstotal
 
Impact Of Globalization On Income Distribution
Impact Of Globalization On Income DistributionImpact Of Globalization On Income Distribution
Impact Of Globalization On Income DistributionMegan Mack
 

Semelhante a Ch02 Kotabe (20)

ch02.ppt
ch02.pptch02.ppt
ch02.ppt
 
Another institution in the news is the G20. Established in 1999, the.docx
Another institution in the news is the G20. Established in 1999, the.docxAnother institution in the news is the G20. Established in 1999, the.docx
Another institution in the news is the G20. Established in 1999, the.docx
 
The Global Economic Environment1Interestin.docx
The Global Economic Environment1Interestin.docxThe Global Economic Environment1Interestin.docx
The Global Economic Environment1Interestin.docx
 
Arun prjct eco sem 1
Arun prjct eco sem 1Arun prjct eco sem 1
Arun prjct eco sem 1
 
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou..."Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
 
An Argument For An Organization
An Argument For An OrganizationAn Argument For An Organization
An Argument For An Organization
 
Chapter 1Globalization©McGraw-Hill Education. All
Chapter 1Globalization©McGraw-Hill Education. All Chapter 1Globalization©McGraw-Hill Education. All
Chapter 1Globalization©McGraw-Hill Education. All
 
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou..."Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
 
International Trade Essay
International Trade EssayInternational Trade Essay
International Trade Essay
 
POM PRESENTATION.pptx
POM PRESENTATION.pptxPOM PRESENTATION.pptx
POM PRESENTATION.pptx
 
International business management essay globalization
International business management essay globalizationInternational business management essay globalization
International business management essay globalization
 
Chap001
Chap001Chap001
Chap001
 
266877 633930975098664037
266877 633930975098664037266877 633930975098664037
266877 633930975098664037
 
International Trade Case Study
International Trade Case StudyInternational Trade Case Study
International Trade Case Study
 
Chap01 global business
Chap01   global businessChap01   global business
Chap01 global business
 
Importance Of International Trade
Importance Of International TradeImportance Of International Trade
Importance Of International Trade
 
Intl biz lesson1
Intl biz lesson1Intl biz lesson1
Intl biz lesson1
 
Global Groupings
Global GroupingsGlobal Groupings
Global Groupings
 
Aggressive Tax Planning Essay
Aggressive Tax Planning EssayAggressive Tax Planning Essay
Aggressive Tax Planning Essay
 
Impact Of Globalization On Income Distribution
Impact Of Globalization On Income DistributionImpact Of Globalization On Income Distribution
Impact Of Globalization On Income Distribution
 

Ch02 Kotabe

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Taiwan, another Asian Tiger, dropped from #5 to #17 between 2005 and 2008.
  • 18. The U.S. and Switzerland have been the most innovative in the last three decades
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.