Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia: A Framework for Regional Cooperation

1. Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia: A Framework for Regional Cooperation PRESENTER: Chua Thia-Eng, Regional Programme Director Partnerships in Environmental Management CONFERENCE: International Waters Workshop - A CEO Dialogue Jointly Organized by GEF and WFEO/FIDIC LOCATION: Washington, DC, USA DATE: June 7-8, 2001 CONTACT: IW:LEARN 4211 N. Fairfax Dr. Arlington, VA 22207 USA Tel: +703-522-2190 Fax: +703-522-2191 info@iwlearn.org

2. Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia: A Framework for Regional Cooperation Chua Thia-Eng

3. The East Asian Seas Coastline: 234,000 km Coastline: 234,000 km Sea area: 7 million km2 Sea area: 7 million km2 Total population: 1.9 billion Total population: 1.9 billion Coastal population: 522 million Coastal population: 522 million 213 million are poor in China; 65 million in the rest of EAS 213 million are poor in China; 65 million in the rest of EAS Uses of the EAS: • food supply • livelihood • medicine • energy • minerals • transport • recreation Uses of the EAS: • food supply • livelihood • medicine • energy • minerals • transport • recreation

6. PEMSEA - multi-country, multi-sector collaboration and partnerships shared vision strategy program of actions ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY forthe Seas of East Asia INITIAL DRAFT as of 25 May 2001. Do not cite.

7. A Strategic Approach to Achieving Shared Vision Values • Ecological • Aesthetic • Historical and cultural • Recreation • Development Threats • Habitat conversion • Over-exploitation • Land-based pollution sources • Oil and chemical pollution • Destructive fishing practices • Invasive species • Sea level rise • Climate change • Resource use conflicts • Uncontrolled development • Erosion/Siltation and sedimentation • Trade in endangered species Shared Vision Sustain Preserve Protect Develop Implement Communicate Strategies Action Programs Action Programs Action Programs Action Programs Action Programs Action Programs Action Programs

8. Ensure Sustainable use of coastal and marine resources. The East Asian countries shall: STRATEGIC ACTION STATEMENTSTRATEGIC ACTION STATEMENT Preserve species and areas of the coastal and marine environment that are pristine or are of ecological, social or cultural significance. Protect ecosystems, human health and society from risks occurring as a consequence of human activities. Develop economic activities in the coastal and marine environment that contribute to economic prosperity and social well-being while safeguarding ecological values. Implement international instruments relevant to management of the coastal and marine environment. Communicate with stakeholders to raise public awareness, strengthen multisectoral participation and obtain scientific support for the sustainable development of the coastal and marine environment.

9. The environment of the Seas of East Asia should be managed to ensure preservation of the ecosystems and the well-being and dignity of the people of the region. The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet development and environmental needs of present and future generations. (Agenda 21, Principle 3) Management of coastal and marine resources and the activities affecting them should respect natural processes and systems. Beneficial uses of the resources shall be encouraged and adverse uses avoided or minimized. Basic linkages between sustainable management of coastal and marine resources, poverty alleviation, and protection of the marine environment should be recognized (APEC Action Plan) General PrinciplesGeneral Principles ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY FORTHE SEAS OF EAST ASIA

10. The rights of all sectors of society shall be respected and the role of civil society recognized. The precautionary approach shall be widely applied. Where there are threats of serious irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost- effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. (Principle 15, Agenda 21) Activities within one State should not cause damage by pollution to other States and their environment. (UNCLOS, Art. 194(2)) The interrelationship between conservation and socioeconomic development implies both that conservation is necessary to ensure sustainability of development, and that socioeconomic development is necessary for the achievement of conservation on a lasting basis. (ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1985) General PrinciplesGeneral Principles ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY FORTHE SEAS OF EAST ASIA

11. Supporting Implementation 1. Enabling local governments to effectively manage coastal and marine environment and their natural resources; 2. Promoting cross boundary, multi-sector, multi- agency cooperation in managing subregional sea areas and marine pollution hotspots; 3. Developing management related methodologies, techniques, working models, and standards to strengthen practical efforts in the field; 4. Providing policy support and scientific advise to the decision-makers;

12. Supporting Implementation 5. Identifying and demonstrating the synergies and linkages between related international environmental instruments and facilitating their integrated implementation; 6. Creating environmental investment opportunities and integrating environment investment as an integral part of economic development programmes; 7. Strengthening communication amongst stakeholders, partners and the general public

13. Supporting Implementation 1 Enabling local governments to effectively manage coastal and marine environment and their natural resources Enabling local governments to effectively manage coastal and marine environment and their natural resources Capacity Building Internships Regional Task Force Demonstration Sites

14. ICM Demonstration and Parallel Sites Integrated Coastal Management

15. Supporting Implementation 2 Promoting cross boundary, multi-sector, multi-agency cooperation in managing subregional sea areas and marine pollution hotspots Promoting cross boundary, multi-sector, multi-agency cooperation in managing subregional sea areas and marine pollution hotspots Institutional Arrangements Risk Assessment Response Compensation/ Restoration Capacity Building Environmental Monitoring Bohai Sea Manila Bay Gulf of Thailand Malacca Straits Marine Pollution Hot Spots

16. Supporting Implementation 3 Developing management related methodologies,techniques, working models, and standards to strengthen practical efforts in the field Developing management related methodologies,techniques, working models, and standards to strengthen practical efforts in the field Risk assessment/Risk management Integrated Coastal Management Integrated Information Management System (IIMS) Sea Use Zoning Schemes Public-Private Sector Partnerships Marine Electronic Highway (MEH) ISO 14001 for Local Government

17. IIMS Products Environmental Database IIMS central node IIMS ICM/ hot spot nodes Remote sensing • Environmental assessment • Planning • Management • Monitoring U S E R S GIS Baseline information Thematic maps Modelling/ forecasting software environmental monitoring Products and Services: IIMS operational structure

18. Marine Electronic Highway Functional Diagram Applications Module Goals emergency response electronic navigation traffic management resource management and intervention environmental protection - hydrodynamics - s, T, δ t - plankton - nutrients - sediments 3D circulation model plus 3D ecology model oil spill search and rescue tanker drift tsunami / surge wave forecasting tides and currents fishery forecasts ocean productivity hazardous plankton forecasts effluent dispersion contaminant fate and effects in situ obs. Real-time Envt’l Info GPS VTIS radar ENCs Data interface

19. Supporting Implementation 4 Providing policy support and scientific advice to the decision-makers Providing policy support and scientific advice to the decision-makers Integrated coastal management the application of risk assessment for environmental management application of public sector – private sector partnership for environmental clean-up ecological carrying capacity trade on marine endangered species trade-offs between economic development and environmental protection

20. Supporting Implementation 5 Identifying and demonstrating the synergies and linkages between related international environmental instruments and facilitating their integrated implementation Identifying and demonstrating the synergies and linkages between related international environmental instruments and facilitating their integrated implementation ICMand Agenda 21 Integrated Coastal Management G E F U N D P • regional cooperation • international cooperation • approaches • national level • issues identification and assessment • priorities • integrated planning and management • strategies and action • financing mechanism Agenda 21, Chapter 17 Integrated management and sustainable development of coastal and marine areas • integrated policy multiple use • preventive and precautionary principles • value changes • stakeholders consulta- tion and participation • poverty • environment • employment • women Sustainable human development • land-water use • contaminants • transboundary International waters • UNCLOS • IMO • UNEP International Conventions Global Programme of Actions on land-based pollution (1995)

21. Supporting Implementation 6 Creating environmental investment opportunities and integrating environmental investment as an integral part of economic development programmes Creating environmental investment opportunities and integrating environmental investment as an integral part of economic development programmes Stimulated by environmental threats  Public health  Ecosystem health  Societal health Policy and management framework  ICM framework  Risk management framework  Coastal and marine policy  Public awareness  National and local capacity

22. Supporting Implementation 7 Strengthening communication and environmental education amongst stakeholders, partners and the general public Strengthening communication and environmental education amongst stakeholders, partners and the general public forming partnerships with NGOs, media and religious groups youth and women groups summer camp communication plans videos, comics, public clean-up campaigns

23. Environment Investment Opportunities in the EAS Region Vast coastal population Rapid coastal urbanization Fast economic growth Globalization

24. Environment Investment Opportunities in the EAS Region Improved standard of living Green movement High remedial cost

25. Environment Investment Opportunities in the EAS Region Decentralization to strengthen local governance National coastal and marine policy Specific national target/direction China: 40% reduction in pollution load under its 10th plan Indonesia: 50% of coastal provinces implementing ICM Philippines: national coastal management plan targets 1000 coastal municipalities

26. A New Paradigm in Environmental Management Sustainable development = environmental protection + economic development Partnerships

27. A New Paradigm in Environmental Management Holistic, coordinated and integrated in planning and management Ecosystem management Stakeholders involvement

28. A New Paradigm in Environmental Management Use local governments to address environmental problems Use the power of science and information technology Use the resources and expertise of the private sector Use the power of civil society

29. Partnership between public and private sector Create investment environment Identify priority environmental facilities and services Package investment opportunities Promote investment opportunities Bring the two parties together into partnership

30. Advantages of PEMSEA’s Approach 1. Management framework at each PEMSEA site 2. Reduced political and investment risks of the investors 3. Benefits of PPP process to the private investors 4. Benefits of PPP process to the public sector

31. Public-Private Sector Partnerships: EAS version Identifying investment opportunities at ICM sites and RA/RM ‘hot spot’ locations Identifying investment opportunities at ICM sites and RA/RM ‘hot spot’ locations Technical and economic pre-feasibility Technical and economic pre-feasibility Defining mechanisms to catalyze, promote and advance environmental investments Defining mechanisms to catalyze, promote and advance environmental investments Round table meetings with investors, partners and stakeholders Round table meetings with investors, partners and stakeholders Investment processesInvestment processes Synthesizing policy/regulatory issues to create a climate conducive to environmental investments Synthesizing policy/regulatory issues to create a climate conducive to environmental investments Technologies and Services

32. Public-Private Sector Partnerships in Batangas, Philippines CORPORATE STRUCTURE Philippines New Zealand McConnell International Ltd. United Environmental Ltd. SOE Waikato Batangas Utilities Development Inc. Batangas Utilities Development Inc. NZ Waste Managers Ltd. Perry Waste Services Ltd. Batangas Waste Inc. Batangas Province (34 municipalities)

33. Sustainable Regional Mechanism International Frameworks for Coastal & Marine Management Int’l Conventions Int’l Action Plans Regional Implementing Mechanism Participating Countries in the Region Int’l, Regional Org./ Donors Technical Assistance Products & Services Products & Services Institutional Arrangements Marine Environment Resource Foundation Grants and Donations Envt’l Invest- ment Center Envt’l Invest- ment Fund Private Sector

34. Financial Arrangement for Marine Environment Resource Foundation Products and Services Grants and Donations Environment Investment Fund (Investment Center)

35. Thank You

Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia: A Framework for Regional Cooperation

Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia: A Framework for Regional Cooperation

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Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia: A Framework for Regional Cooperation