17.2 spanish american war (h)

Foreign
Entanglements
The Spanish-American War
The “Splendid Little War”
17.2

Chilean government paid
$75,000 to sailors’ families

President Cleveland sends
Navy to Rio de Janeiro

Venezuela
►Boundary dispute with Great
Britain
►Colony of British Guiana
►1895 discovery of gold

►Cleveland demands British
submission-why?
►Britain refused at first
►Territory rewarded to British
Guiana

An intense form of
nationalism calling for an
aggressive foreign policy

►Expansionists: U.S. needs to take
its place with the imperialist nations
of Europe as a world power.
►Presidents Cleveland & McKinley:
military action abroad was morally
wrong & economically unsound

17.2 Group Activity
► Students will be divided into 9 groups:
 Group 1-Latin America
 Group 2-Cuban Revolution
 Group 3-Yellow Journalism
 Group 4-Causes of The Spanish-American War
 Group 5-Spanish American War& Results
 Group 6-Phillippines

 Group 7-Cuba & Puerto Rico
 Group 8-Hawaii
 Group 9-Samoa & China

 Students are to read the chapter section on
their topic
 Add two new facts
 Present info to class-chart paper

Cuban nationalists fighting for
10 years to overthrow Spanish rule

Off the coast of Florida
Locate on Overseas America Map
Why did Cuba revolt against Spain 1895?

What was United States’
interest in Cuba?

View video clip & answer
►What were the US investments in
Cuba?
►Why was Marti jailed?
►Why did Marti order guerilla
actions?

►What happened to Marti?
►Find evidence that proves
General Weyler’s nickname
“The Butcher” to be true.

Cuban Revolt
►1895 nationalists burned down
sugar plantations
►Hoping Spain to withdraw
►Hoping involvement of the U.S. in
their revolution

General Weyler
“The Butcher”

100,000 troops
to suppress the
Revolt
Policy of
reconcentration

Cubans sent to
“reconcentration”
camps

Killed in Cuban
rebellion against Spain

►What effect did the explosion of
the USS Maine have on the
start of the war?
►When was war declared?

Identify Yellow Journalism
In these newspapers

View the video & answer
►What part did yellow journalism
play in starting the Spanish
American war?
►Who said “You furnish the
pictures and I’ll furnish the
war.”? What does it mean?

How do you think the public reacted?
How would you react?

Mocked President McKinley
“weak”

February 15, 1898
260 Americans killed

Who did the “yellow
press” blame?

In Havana Harbor to protect American life & property

Why was this the
final straw?

Blew up on the way to Havana Harbor
To protect lives

April 19, 1898
Congress declares War

►Cause of explosion not
determined
►“Remember the Maine”
►April 19, 1898 Congress
adopts a war resolution

●Part of the war resolution
● Declared U.S. had no intention of taking
political control of Cuba
● Once peace restored Cubans control own
Government (self-determination)

United States would not
establish permanent control

Assistant Secretary of the Navy
Theodore Roosevelt
Ordered a fleet to the Philippines
commanded by
Commodore George Dewey

The Philippines
►Country’s new all-steel navy
►Dewey’s fleet easily defeated
Spanish
►On land allied with Filipino rebels
►Captured city of Manila

Battle for Manila
►Philippines-May 1,1898
►TR/Commodore George
Dewey
►Destroyed Spanish fleet
►No U.S. causalities

Spanish warships were
in Santiago Harbor

Troops met little opposition

Many were former slaves.
Did they have the same rights as
White soldiers?
Read story, highlight & answer questions

Horses never arrived.
Fought as infantrymen.

U.S. Army ill-equipped &
untrained.
Winter uniforms
Spoiled food
Yellow Fever

View Video & Answer
►Identify: Dewey & Aguinaldo
►What was the 9th Cavalry?
►Describe the problems the
soldiers faced?

►Who were the Rough Riders?
►How long did the war last?
►When was the truce signed?
►Why was it called the “splendid
little war”?

End of the War
►Americans seized Puerto
Rico
►Guam was easily taken
►The Treaty of Paris
December 10, 1898

Cuba After Independence

►New constitution under
guidance
►Major General Wood
►Task of preparing Cuba for
independence

Treaty of Paris
►Signed December 10, 1898
►recognized independence of
Cuba Platt Amendment
►Puerto Rico, Guam &
Philippines
►$20 million

The Platt Amendment
►1901 Congress approves
►Restricts Cuba’s ability to
make treaties & borrow money
►U.S. right to intervene-
independence, security of life
& property

►Obliged Cuba to sell or lease to
the U.S. the land for a naval base
►Established an American naval
base at Guantanamo Bay
►Under a substantial degree of
American control

Reasons for/against annexation

Philippine
Insurrection
1899-1901

Philippine Insurrection
►Why was it fought?
►Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?
►How was this war different from
Spanish-American War?
►What would you have done with
the Philippines?

War in the Philippines
►1898-1902 Filipino insurgents
fought the Americans
►Deaths: 5,000 Americans
50,000 Filipinos
►Both sides committed atrocities

►Emilio Aguinaldo
►Very bloody battle
►Villages destroyed, civilians
murdered, prisoners tortured

July 4, 1946
Granted full independence

Answer following video
►Why was Aguinaldo angry?
►What did he do?
►How did this war compare
with the Spanish-American
War?

►How did the anti-imperialists
feel?
►What did the future hold for
Cuba and the Philippines?
►What is the Platt Amendment?

Annexation
►Debate became a national
issue 1899
►Include annexation in Treaty
►Obligation to “uplift” &
“civilize” the Filipinos

Options
►Return Philippines to Spain
►Be taken over by France,
Germany, or a European
power
►Left to govern themselves

►Aguinaldo captured in
1901
►Fighting ended in 1902
►1901 Taft becomes
governor of Philippines
►July 4, 1946 full

Latin America & Hawaii

►The U.S. signed a treaty
with Hawaii
►Took a more active role
in protecting Latin
America

Hawaii
►Commercial interests late 18th
century
►1875 reciprocity treaty, sugar to
U.S. without tariff
►1887 rights to Pearl Harbor

Sugar interests gain power.

King Kalakaua
Nationalistic
Resented American
influence

1874 Americans gained
Control over Hawaii’s
Land & economy

►American influence resented by
Hawaiians
►1891 nationalistic Queen
Liliuokalani became ruler
►“Hawaii for the Hawaiians”

“ Bayonet Constitution”
►King forced at gunpoint to sign 1887
►Restricted his power
►Deprived most Hawaiians of the vote
►Forced to give Pearl Harbor to U.S.
►American sugar planters now had
political control over Hawaii

1890 U.S. revokes sugar treaty after
bad economy in U.S.

American sugar producers push for annexation-why?

1893 plan to restore Hawaiian monarchy

Business community plotted to overthrow her

John L. Stevens American minister to Hawaii
helped rebel sugar planters

Rebel leaders formed a new
regime with Sanford B. Dole

Stevens recognizes the
new
Republic of Hawaii

Cleveland not happy.
Puts treaty on hold & investigates
Wants to restore Queen
Dole would not step down
Cleveland does not support annexation

President McKinley favors annexatio
Congress narrowly approves 1898
1959 50th state
1993 Congress apologizes for
overthrowing Queen

►1893 U.S. Navy & Marines,
American sugar growers staged
a revolt
►Sanford Dole
►Set up a republic

►President sent a commission to
investigate
►Many support the Queen
►Annexation 1898

The Pacific
►1878 naval base at Pago Pago
►Shared with Gt. Britain &
Germany
►Conflict-tripartite proctectorate

►Spheres of influence
►Secretary of State John Hay issued his
first Open Door note in Sept. 1899
►Addressed to Gt. Britain, Germany,
Russia, France, Italy & Japan

►1890s Russia, Japan, Great Britain,
France & Germany established
►Spheres of Influence in China: they
could dominate trade & investment
within their sphere
►A particular port or region of China
►Shut out competitors

Prevents the U.S from
losing access to lucrative
China trade

Secretary of State John Hay

►Impressed Europeans by his policies
toward China
►Alarmed that Chinese empire was
falling under control of various outside
powers:
►Weakened by political corruption
►Failure to modernize

Open Door Policy
►To prevent U.S. from losing access to
lucrative China trade
►1899 diplomatic note sent to nations
holding spheres of influence
►All nations would have equal trading
privileges in China

►Spheres of influence
►Secretary of State John Hay
issued his first Open Door note in
Sept. 1899
►Addressed to Gt. Britain,
Germany, Russia, France, Italy &
Japan

Questions for video clip
►Describe the situation in China.
►What is a “sphere of influence”?
►Explain John Hay’s idea.
►What were the opinions of “Open
Door”?

►How did the “Boxers” get their
name?
►What happened in June 1900?
►How and when was this
rebellion stopped?

►Principle of equal access by
all nations to trade in China
►Less positive response-
conditional agreement

The Boxer Rebellion
►May 1900
►Young Chinese who opposed
Manchu dynasty
►Opposed foreign influence
►1900 killed over 200
missionaries & foreigners

Attacked foreign settlements &
murdered Christian missionaries

U.S. troops participated
in international force to
crush rebellion

►Western powers joined with
Japan
►Sent military force to China
►August, siege ended

Boxer Rebellion (1900)

►Nationalism & xenophobia (hatred &
fear of foreigners) on rise in China
►The Society of Harmonious Fists or
Boxers attacked foreign
settlements→ murdered Christian
missionaries
►U.S. troops in an international force
helped crush the rebellion

Second Open Door
►Other countries to join U.S.
to respect the “territorial &
administrative” integrity of
China
►Accept financial reparations

17.2 spanish american war (h)

17.2 spanish american war (h)

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