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Ivan Oransky, MD
Co-Founder, Retraction Watch
Distinguished Writer In Residence, New York University (Journalism)
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, New York University
@ivanoransky
Fake Peer Review:
What We’ve Learned At Retraction Watch
Clarivate Analytics 2018 Publishers Forum
Philadelphia
March 20, 2018
2012
2012
2014
2014
2017
2017
Via Quartz/Retraction Watch
2017
2018
*includes NPG and BioMed Central
Why We Launched Retraction Watch
How Retraction Watch Works
• Tips
• Search alerts
• Interviews
• Public records requests
Current Resources
• Two co-founders, me and Adam
Marcus
• Three staff members: An editor,
a reporter, and a full-time
researcher (PhD)
• Current or past funding from the
MacArthur and Arnold
Foundations, and Helmsley
Trust
How We Decide What To Write About
• What’s new?
• What does the story reveal
about the publication process?
• Is the paper highly cited?
• Are high-profile researchers,
institutions, or fields involved?
Part of An Ecosystem
Are We Having An Effect?
• Cited >100 times in the
scientific literature, including in
retraction notices
• Cited at least weekly, on
average, in the mainstream
media
• New journal policies, improved
retraction notices
Our Database
retractiondatabase.org
Nearly 17,000 retractions
Retractions By The Numbers
Year # of Retractions # of Papers Published %
2000 36 1MM .004
2008 360 1.2MM .030
2010 4822 1.4MM .344*
2014 802 1.6MM .050
2016 1359 1.8MM .068
retractiondatabase.org
Use Cases For Database
• Scholars
• Institutions
• Ethics Course Directors
• Publishers
Common Reasons for Retractions
• Duplication (“self-plagiarism”)
• Plagiarism
• Image Manipulation
• Faked Data
• Fake Peer Reviews
• Publisher Error
• Authorship Issues
• Legal Reasons
• Not Reproducible
Most Retractions Due to Misconduct
PNAS online October 1, 2012
What Happens to Retracted Papers’
Citations?
-Assn of College & Research Libraries 2011
What Happens to Retracted Papers’
Citations?
Budd et al, 1999:
• Retracted articles received more than 2,000 post-
retraction citations; less than 8% of citations
acknowledged the retraction
• Preliminary study of the present data shows that
continued citation remains a problem
• Of 391 citations analyzed, only 6% acknowledge
the retraction
Which Journals Retract?
-Infection and Immunity 2011
Who Retracts Most?
http://nautil.us
Do Journals Get the Word Out?
Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication,
January 8, 2018
Do Journals Get the Word Out?
Of the 812 records for retracted
publications, 40.0% (n=325) did not
indicate that the paper had been
retracted.
Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication,
January 8, 2018
Are We Catching Them All?
Allison et al Nature 2016 http://www.nature.com/news/reproducibility-a-tragedy-of-errors-1.19264
Are We Catching Them All?
“Overall, 3.8% of published papers contained problematic
figures, with at least half exhibiting features suggestive of
deliberate manipulation. The prevalence of papers with
problematic images has risen markedly during the past
decade.”
Does Crime Pay?
“A total of 39 science researchers from 7 countries
were identified as having been subject to criminal
sanctions for actions related to research
misconduct between 1979 and 2015, along with 4
researchers still on trial or awaiting sentencing.
Criminal sanctions ranged from suspended
sentences to 15 years in prison, with an outlier case
involving 1st degree murder resulting in a life
sentence.”
https://www.eventure-online.com/eventure/public/publicAbstractView.form?id=310802&congressId=10578&from=session&fromId=377128
Doing The Right Thing Does
Contact Info/Acknowledgements
ivan@retractionwatch.com
http://retractionwatch.com
@retractionwatch
Thanks:
The MacArthur Foundation
The Arnold Foundation
The Helmsley Trust

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Fake Peer Review: What We've Learned at Retraction Watch

  • 1. Ivan Oransky, MD Co-Founder, Retraction Watch Distinguished Writer In Residence, New York University (Journalism) Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, New York University @ivanoransky Fake Peer Review: What We’ve Learned At Retraction Watch Clarivate Analytics 2018 Publishers Forum Philadelphia March 20, 2018
  • 9. 2018 *includes NPG and BioMed Central
  • 10. Why We Launched Retraction Watch
  • 11. How Retraction Watch Works • Tips • Search alerts • Interviews • Public records requests
  • 12. Current Resources • Two co-founders, me and Adam Marcus • Three staff members: An editor, a reporter, and a full-time researcher (PhD) • Current or past funding from the MacArthur and Arnold Foundations, and Helmsley Trust
  • 13. How We Decide What To Write About • What’s new? • What does the story reveal about the publication process? • Is the paper highly cited? • Are high-profile researchers, institutions, or fields involved?
  • 14. Part of An Ecosystem
  • 15. Are We Having An Effect? • Cited >100 times in the scientific literature, including in retraction notices • Cited at least weekly, on average, in the mainstream media • New journal policies, improved retraction notices
  • 17. Retractions By The Numbers Year # of Retractions # of Papers Published % 2000 36 1MM .004 2008 360 1.2MM .030 2010 4822 1.4MM .344* 2014 802 1.6MM .050 2016 1359 1.8MM .068 retractiondatabase.org
  • 18. Use Cases For Database • Scholars • Institutions • Ethics Course Directors • Publishers
  • 19. Common Reasons for Retractions • Duplication (“self-plagiarism”) • Plagiarism • Image Manipulation • Faked Data • Fake Peer Reviews • Publisher Error • Authorship Issues • Legal Reasons • Not Reproducible
  • 20. Most Retractions Due to Misconduct PNAS online October 1, 2012
  • 21. What Happens to Retracted Papers’ Citations? -Assn of College & Research Libraries 2011
  • 22. What Happens to Retracted Papers’ Citations? Budd et al, 1999: • Retracted articles received more than 2,000 post- retraction citations; less than 8% of citations acknowledged the retraction • Preliminary study of the present data shows that continued citation remains a problem • Of 391 citations analyzed, only 6% acknowledge the retraction
  • 26. Do Journals Get the Word Out? Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication, January 8, 2018
  • 27. Do Journals Get the Word Out? Of the 812 records for retracted publications, 40.0% (n=325) did not indicate that the paper had been retracted. Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication, January 8, 2018
  • 28. Are We Catching Them All? Allison et al Nature 2016 http://www.nature.com/news/reproducibility-a-tragedy-of-errors-1.19264
  • 29. Are We Catching Them All? “Overall, 3.8% of published papers contained problematic figures, with at least half exhibiting features suggestive of deliberate manipulation. The prevalence of papers with problematic images has risen markedly during the past decade.”
  • 30. Does Crime Pay? “A total of 39 science researchers from 7 countries were identified as having been subject to criminal sanctions for actions related to research misconduct between 1979 and 2015, along with 4 researchers still on trial or awaiting sentencing. Criminal sanctions ranged from suspended sentences to 15 years in prison, with an outlier case involving 1st degree murder resulting in a life sentence.” https://www.eventure-online.com/eventure/public/publicAbstractView.form?id=310802&congressId=10578&from=session&fromId=377128
  • 31. Doing The Right Thing Does

Notas do Editor

  1. Lemonstoism Juichi Juigen
  2. Institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) Why comparisons by country – eg Japan – are difficult