1. CRO/PSO Doctrine
– as an Overarching Issue for Sucess
dr eng. Jerzy DEREN
Anybody who has been seriously engaged in scientific work of
any kind realizes that over the entrance to the gates of the
temple of science are written the words: 'Ye must have faith.'
Max Planck
derenj@wp.pl
WROCŁAW – 26-28 Apriel 2013 jerzy.deren@dsw.edu.pl

2. Peacekeeping isn’t
a soldier job, but only a
soldier can do it.
Military Sociologist,
Charles Moskos
Charles Moskos (left) with Army Staff Sgt. Donald Pratt (center)
and an unidentified soldier during a 1967 trip to Vietnam

3. CONTRIBUTING TO CRO – PSO AND GAINING INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

4. AGENDA



INTRODUCTION
TERMINOLOGY
AJD HIERARCHY


SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES




DEPLOYABLE FORCES
FORCE PROVIDER
OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
KEY PLANNING ASSUMPTIONS
SPECTRUM OF OPERATIONS

5. Introduction

9. Does Europe remain alone?
NATO School (SHAPE) Crisis Management Department

10. Terminology

11. AAP 6 (2012) does not contain CRO definition

13. AJD
Hierarchy

15. [..] In a globalized world, nations [..] are more likely to
participate as part of an alliance or coalition formed to
achieve internationally agreed objectives.
Developing, accepting, and following sound doctrinal
principles are the important first step when operations
are to be conducted by multinational forces.
Successful planning, execution, and support of
multinational military operations require clearly
understood and thoroughly implemented allied joint
doctrine. [..]
ndupress.ndu.edu; issue 67, 4th quarter 2012 / JFQ 111

17. www.db.niss.gov.ua/docs/nato/nato/sco71.html

18. Scope
And
Objectives

19. NATO Military Crisis Response Operations (CRO)
Operational Considerations of NA5CRO.
The characteristics of each
NA5CRO will determine the force
size, structure and components,
and its essential capabilities and
sustainment requirements.

20. NA 5 Crisis Response Operations Overview.
CRO are the Alliance’s contribution to effective
crisis management.
NA5CRO are intended to respond to
such CRISIS, to include the containment
of hostilities, in a timely and coordinated
manner where the CRISIS could either
affect the security of NATO nations, or
threaten stability and lead to conflict on
the periphery of the Alliance.
NA5CRO are normally known as Peace Support Operations (PSO).

21. NA 5 Crisis Response Operations Overview.
CRO are the Alliance’s contribution to effective crisis
management.
PSO are designed to create a secure
environment in which civilian agencies
can rebuild the infrastructure and
conditions necessary to create a selfsustaining peace. PSO are neither in
support of, nor against a particular party,
but rather are conducted in an impartial
and even-handed manner.

22. NA 5 Crisis Response Operations Overview.
Cont’d
Peace Support Forces (PSF) actions are based
upon judgments of the degree of compliance and/or noncompliance of the parties with the agreement between the
parties and not against any bias or pre-determined
designation.
PSO categories (chapter 3 of AJP 3.4):
 Peacekeeping
 - Peace Enforcement
 - Conflict Prevention
 - Peacemaking
 - Peace Building
 - Humanitarian Relief Operations

23. Other NA5CRO (Chapter 4 of AJP 3.4):
Support of Humanitarian Operations (HO):
A Humanitarian Operation is defined as a mission
conducted to alleviate human suffering, especially in
circumstances where responsible authorities in the area are
unable, or possibly unwilling, to provide adequate support to the
population.
As humanitarian activities are basically a civilian task,
military engagement would principally cover functions, that
cannot be assured in the required amount by specialized
civilian organizations.
Two categories of HO:
> Assistance for Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) and
for Displaced Persons and Refugees (DPRE),
> Humanitarian Assistance in natural or man-made
disasters.

24. Other NA 5 CRO (Chapter 4 of AJP 3.4) cont’d:
 Support of Disaster Relief,
closely linked with HO,
 Search and Rescue Operations
(Chicago Conventions of 1947)

Non-Combatant Evacuation Operations (Support to) ;
NEO are diplomatic initiatives, conducted to relocate
non-combatants threatened in a foreign country.

25. Other NA 5 CRO (Chapter 4 of AJP 3.4) cont’d:
 Extraction Operations,
NATO covers or assist in the withdrawal of a UN or other
mission from a crisis region.
 Military Aid /
Support to Civil Authorities embraces all those military
activities that provide temporary support to civil authorities.
 Enforcement of Sanctions and Embargos
designed to force a nation to obey to international law or to
conform to a resolution or mandate.
 Combat Operations,
those involve the use of military force or the threat of
force, including military action ranging the full spectrum of
military combat operation.

26. Force Provider
Requirements vs. Capabilities

27. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM
NATO COMMAND STRUCTURE MC 324

28. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM
NATO FORCE STRUCTURE MC 317

29. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM

30. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM

31. Deployable Forces:
CRO/PSO enablers

32. NATO RESPONSE FORCES
Land, Air, Maritime and SOF forces
Capable of deploying rapidly to a crisis area
32
NATO UNCLASSIFIED

33. NRF is a High Readiness Force (HRF)
which includes HQ/C2 elements and
forces to provide an immediate military
purpose and reaction capability.
This includes an Initial Entry Capability
(IEC).
In order to assure the deployability of
HQ/Forces, RSOM capacities are
required.
33
NATO UNCLASSIFIED

34. The NRF at FOC
Deployable Joint Task
Force HQ
Total Force – approx
25,000
Land
Special Operations
Air
Brigade Combat
Team
Special Forces
Task Groups
200 Combat
Sorties/Day
Maritime
Wednesday, 26 June 2013
34
With Strategic Enablers
•Lift
•Intelligence
•Force Protection
•Combat Support
NATO RESTRICTED
•Combat Service Support
NATO UNCLASSIFIED

35. CJTF CONCEPT
HQ NATO
JFC HQ
CCL
SC
CJTF
CCA
AOO
CCM
CCSOF

36. COMBINED JOINT TASK FORCE
“A CJTF is a multinational, (Combined) and
multi-service (Joint) Task Force, task
organised
and formed for the full range of Alliance
military missions that require multi-national
and multi-service
command and control (C2)
by a CJTF Headquarters.”
Source: MC 389/1 - Jun 2000
36
NATO UNCLASSIFIED

37. NORFOLK
1. ACTIVATE
NUCLEUS
STAFF
2. COMMENCE
PLANNING
6. SAIL
8. INTEGRATE
MAIN AUGM.
7. CONTINUE
PARALLEL
PLANNING
9. OPEN UP
THEATRE
5. UPLIFT CIS
4. INTEGRATE
CRITICAL AUGM.
10. CO-ORDINATE
ENABLING OPS
3. STAND UP
CJTF HQ
11. ASSUME C2
OF FORCES
12. INTEGRATE
FORCES
13. CONDUCT
ENHANCEMENT
TRAINING
JOA
14. COMMENCE
OPERATION
USS MOUNT WHITNEY
for Alliance 21st Century
Combined Joint Operations
HIGH READINESS CJTF HQ
37
NATO UNCLASSIFIED

38. Operational
Considerations
38
NATO UNCLASSIFIED

39. 39
NATO UNCLASSIFIED

40. CROs vs. PSOs
Something short of war?
Crisis Response Operation
HA
PSO
What goes here?
NATO School (SHAPE) Crisis Management Department
?
War

41. Security Environment (Threat?)
Changing ALLIANCES:
IMPACT OF THE EURO
ECO-ASIA
TERRORISM
Virtual States
Sub-National Groups:
Russian Mafia, FARC,
Al Q’aida
INFORMATION
WARFARE
ETHNOReligious
PAN-NATIONALISM
FAILED STATES
POPULATION GROWTH +
RESOURCE SCARCITY =
Wars over Food, Water, Fish
UNCERTAIN
UNCERTAIN
FUTURE
FUTURE
Proliferation of
WEAPONS OF
MASS DESTRUCTION
CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS?
More GNP =
More Defense Spending
IMPACT OF
TECHNOLOGY
GLOBAL ECONOMIC
INTERDEPENDENCE
GLOBALIZATION
DISEASE
(AIDS PANDEMIC
MALARIA, EBOLA))
Global Warming +/
Ecological disaster +
Creeping Deserts =
ASYMMETRIC
THREAT/WARFARE
DRUGS TRAFFICINKG
AND TRANSBORDER CRIME
ILLEGAL MASS MIGRATION

42. International Organizations
• ART 1, UN Charter
– “to maintain international peace and
security”.
• Can issue Mandate
– CH 6: Peaceful Settlement
– CH 7: Enforcement Actions
– CH 8: Regional Arrangements
• Task: Restore Civil Society
• LoA: Mil Observer to multidimensional unit capability
NATO School (SHAPE) Crisis Management Department

43. Cooperation in Command and Control
UN
NAC
MC
SCR
MANDATE
SACEUR/SACT
SRSG
NGO
NGO
NGO
NGO
JFC (HQ) - CJTF
UN
AGENCIES
CCs
NGO
A
A
A
ORG
A
A
I
I
I
I
I
CIMIC
CENTRE
A
I
NATO School (SHAPE) Crisis Management Department
ORG
UNIT
UNIT
UNIT

44. Key Planning
Assumptions
44
NATO UNCLASSIFIED

47. • Alliance Strategic
Concept
• MC 400/2 Mil
Implementation of
Alliance Strategy
References
Bi-MNC DIRECTIVE
FOR
NATO DOCTRINE FOR PEACE
PEACE SUPPORT
SUPPORT OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS
AJP-3.4.1
16 October 1998
NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Move
• MC 327/2 NATO Mil
Concept for NATO PSO
• AJP 3.4.1 “Peace Support
Operations”
• MC 327/1 NATO Mil
Concept for NATO PSO
• Bi-MNC Directive for
NATO PSO 16 OCT 98
• Functional Plannin Guide
• GOP “Guidelines for
for PSO
Operational Planning”
• COPD “Comprehensive
Operations Planning
Directive
Move

48. EVOLUTION OF APPROACHES FOR OPP
Information
Political Military
Infrastructure
Vulnerabilities
Links Social
Strengths
Key Nodes
Weaknesses
Economic
Relationships
SPACE
CYBER-SPACE
PRECISION
STRIKE
UNMANNED
SENSORS & STRIKE
PRECISION STRIKE
INTEGRATED
HUMINT AIR-GROUND
ASYMMETRIC
INTEGRATED
SOF-CONVENTIONAL
IO/PSYOP
SOF
SOF
Light
SOF
Systems
Analysis
Allies
Nicht Zum Kernkrieg, As They Say
By Armed Liberal at Jan 4, 2007: 06:46
WMD
Threat
SOF
Heavy
UNMANNED
SYSTEMS
Information Homeland
SYMMETRIC

54. ROE are for the use of Force
deployed in AOR under the
authority of NAC decision ,
authorizing the assistance of
NATO forces in implementing
UNSCR, and apply to both NATO
and non-NATO attached OPCOM,
OPCON and TACON forces
Duty to Use proportional
/ Minimum Force

55. ROE are a tool
to enable political control
over the military’s use of force

57. Implementation of ANSS

58. Spectrum of
Operations
59
NATO UNCLASSIFIED

59. 60
NATO UNCLASSIFIED

60. The PSO Spectrum
Humanitarian OPS
NATO School (SHAPE) Crisis Management Department

61. Principles of PSO
In some ways similar to Principles of War
• Impartiality
• Cooperation and
Consent
• Restraint
• End State
• Perseverance
• Unity of Effort
• Flexibility
•
•
•
•
•
•
Legitimacy
Security
Credibility
Mutual Respect
Transparency
Freedom of
Movement
• CIMIC

62. Keys to Success
Keys to Success:
• Early Involvement (Warning)
• Thorough Staff Planning (OPP – ROEs))
• Coordination with Partners during Force Generation
process (national caveats)
• Rely on our Alliance Strengths:
–
–
–
–
Common Doctrine
Multinational C2 Structure
Infrastructure and Communications Systems
Available Forces
NATO School (SHAPE) Crisis Management Department

64. NATO Article 4/5 Operations
2001
2002
EAGLE ASSIST
USA
EAST MED + STROG
ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR + STROG
2003
2004
2005
2005
NRF
SE TURKEY (2003, 2013) MD PATRIOT
DD
2004 NATO Training Mission - I
UN 2001 -2003
NATO 2003 -2007
ISAF
2009
2010
--------
2013
2009 NATO Training Mission - A
DD – Display Deterrence
STROG – Straits of Gibraltar
66
2011 Operation Unified Protector Libya
NATO UNCLASSIFIED

65. IAW SIPRI: CROs/PSO Current
UNMOT
1993 -

66. Summary
– PSOs are not war
– PSOs are multifunctional, impartial, under
mandate, support long-term settlement
– Conflict Prevention - prevent escalation
– Peace Keeping - monitor and facilitate
– Peace Enforcement - establish and
maintain
NATO School (SHAPE) Crisis Management Department