1. GLYCOLYSIS
Md. Ishtiyak Jafar

2.  Glycolysis comes from a merger of two Greek
words:
 Glykys = sweet
Lysis = breakdown/ splitting
 It is also known as Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas
pathway or EMP pathway.

3. INTRODUCTION
 GLYCOLYSIS is the sequence of 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions
that converts glucose into pyruvate with simultaneous
production of ATP.
 In this oxidative process, 1mol of glucose is partially oxidised
to 2 moles of pyruvate.
 This major pathway of glucose metabolism occurs in the
cytosol of all cell.
 This unique pathway occurs aerobically as well as
anaerobically & doesn’t involve molecular oxygen.

4. • It also includes formation of Lactate from
Pyruvate.
• In aerobic organisms, glycolysis is the prelude to
Citric acid cycle and ETC.
• Glycolysis is the central pathway for Glucose
catabolism.

6. Substrate level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
2.5 ATP
Reducing eqivalent ( NADH & FADH2)

7. THREE PHASES OF GLYCOLYSIS
• Glycolysis leads to breakdown of 6-C glucose
into two molecules of 3-C pyruvate with the
enzyme catalyzed reactions being bifurcated
or categorized into 3 phases:
1. Phase 1-Energy investment phase
2. Phase 2- Splitting phase.
3. Phase 3- Energy generation phase.

8. STEPWISE
EXPLAINATION OF
GLYCOLYSIS

12. The conversion of an aldose to a
ketose.

14. The 2nd investment of an ATP in
glycolysis.

16. ALDOLASE

18. Triose phoshate isomerase

21. Stage 3: The energy yielding phase.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate DH

24. Phosphoglycerate Kinase
Substrate-level phosphorylation

26. Phosphoglycerate mutase

29. Enolase

32. Pyruvate Kinase
2nd example of substrate level phosphorylation.

37. Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate is
converted to lactate.
Exercising muscle is an example.